chapter20, northern europe 1600-1700

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Chapter 20Northern Europe,

1600 to 1700

Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, The Western Perspective 13e

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Europe in the 17th Century

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Goals

• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style• Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles throughout

Europe• Identify representative Baroque artists and their works• Identify representative Baroque architects and their works• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Rococo style• Identify representative Rococo artists and their works• Identify representative Rococo architects and their works• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

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20.1 Baroque Art Northern Europe

• Recognize the distinctive characteristics of the Baroque style in Northern Europe (Holland, France, England)

• Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles throughout Northern Europe

• Identify representative Baroque artists and their works• Identify representative Baroque architects and their works• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period 

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Figure 20-2 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, from Saint Walburga, Antwerp, 1610. Oil on wood, 15’ 1 7/8” x 11’ 1 1/2” (center panel), 15' 1 7/8" x 4' 11" (each wing). Antwerp Cathedral, Antwerp.

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Figure 20-3 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles, 1622–1625. Oil on canvas, 12’ 11 1/2” x 9’ 7”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-4 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Consequences of War, 1638–1639. Oil on canvas, 6’ 9” x 11’ 3 7/8”. Palazzo Pitti, Florence..

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Figure 20-5 ANTHONY VAN DYCK, Charles I Dismounted, ca. 1635. Oil on canvas, 8’ x 11” x 6’ 11 1/2”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-6 CLARA PEETERS, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel, 1’ 7 3/4” x 2’ 1 1/4”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

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Figure 20-7 HENDRICK TER BRUGGHEN, Calling of Saint Matthew, 1621. Oil on canvas, 3’ 4” x 4’ 6”. The Hague.

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Figure 20-8 GERRIT VAN HONTHORST, Supper Party, 1620. Oil on canvas, 4’ 8” x 7’. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

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Figure 20-9 FRANS HALS, Archers of Saint Hadrian, ca. 1633. Oil on canvas, approx. 6’ 9” x 11’. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.

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Figure 20-10 FRANS HALS, The Women Regents of the Old Men’s Home at Haarlem, 1664. Oil on canvas, 5’ 7” x 8’ 2”. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.

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Figure 20-11 JUDITH LEYSTER, Self-Portrait, ca. 1630. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5 3/8” x 2’ 1 5/8”. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss).

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Figure 20-12 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Oil on canvas, 5’ 3 3/4” x 7’ 1 1/4”. Mauritshuis, The Hague.

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Figure 20-13 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch), 1642. Oil on canvas (cropped from original size), 11’ 11” x 14’ 4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

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Figure 20-14 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Return of the Prodigal Son, ca. 1665. Oil on canvas, approx. 8’ 8” x 6’ 9”. Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg.

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Figure 20-15 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659–1660. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 8 3/4” x 3’ 1”. Kenwood House, London (Iveagh Bequest).

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Figure 20-16 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children (Hundred Guilder Print), ca. 1649. Etching, 11” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.

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Figure 20-17 AELBERT CUYP, A Distant View of Dordrecht, with a Milkmaid and Four Cows, and Other Figures, late 1640s. Oil on canvas, 5’ 1” x 6’ 4 7/8”. National Gallery, London.

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Figure 20-18 JACOB VAN RUISDAEL, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, 1’ 10” x 2’ 1”. Mauritshuis, The Hague.

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Figure 20-1 JAN VERMEER, Allegory of the Art of Painting, 1670–1675. Oil on canvas, 4’ 4” x 3’ 8”. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

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Figure 20-19 JAN VERMEER, The Letter, 1666. Oil on canvas, 1’ 5 1/4” x 1’ 3 1/4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

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Figure 20-20 JAN STEEN, The Feast of Saint Nicholas, ca. 1660–1665. Oil on canvas, 2’ 8 1/4” x 2’ 3 3/4”. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

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Figure 20-21 PIETER CLAESZ, Vanitas Still Life, 1630s. Oil on panel, 1’ 2” x 1’ 11 1/2”. Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg.

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Figure 20-22 WILLEM KALF, Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar, 1669. Oil on canvas, 2’ 6” x 2’ 1 3/4”. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis. (gift in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Art Association of Indianapolis, in memory of Daniel W. and Elizabeth C. Marmon).

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Figure 20-23 RACHEL RUYSCH, Flower Still Life, after 1700. Oil on canvas, 2’ 5 3/4” x 1’ 11 7/8”. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo (purchased with funds from the Libbey Endowment, gift of Edward Drummond Libbey).

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Figure 20-24 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Et in Arcadia Ego, ca. 1655. Oil on canvas, approx. 2’ 10” x 4’. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-25 NICOLAS POUSSIN, Burial of Phocion, 1648. Oil on canvas, 3’ 11” x 5’ 10”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-26 CLAUDE LORRAIN, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants, 1629. Oil on canvas, 3’ 6” x 4’ 10 1/2”. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia (George W. Elkins Collection).

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Figure 20-27 LOUIS LE NAIN, Family of Country People, ca. 1640. Oil on canvas, 3’ 8” x 5’ 2”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-28 JACQUES CALLOT, Hanging Tree, from the Miseries of War series, 1629–1633. Etching, 3 3/4” x 7 1/4”. Private collection.

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Figure 20-29 GEORGES DE LA TOUR, Adoration of the Shepherds, 1645–1650. Oil on canvas, approx. 3’ 6” x 4’ 6”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-30 HYACINTHE RIGAUD, Louis XIV, 1701. Oil on canvas, 9’ 2” x 6’ 3”. Louvre, Paris.

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Figure 20-31 CLAUDE PERRAULT, LOUIS LE VAU, and CHARLES LE BRUN, east facade of the Louvre, Paris, France, 1667–1670.

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Figure 20-32 Aerial view (looking west) of the palace and gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669.

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Figure 20-33 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART and CHARLES LE BRUN, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, ca. 1680.

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Figure 20-34 FRANÇOIS GIRARDON and THOMAS REGNAUDIN, Apollo Attended by the Nymphs, Grotto of Thetis, Versailles, France, ca. 1666–1672. Marble, life-size.

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Figure 20-35 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, Royal Chapel, with ceiling decorations by Antoine Coypel, palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, 1698–1710.

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Figure 20-36 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART, Église de Dôme, Church of the Invalides, Paris, France, 1676–1706.

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Figure 20-37 INIGO JONES, Banqueting House at Whitehall, London, England, 1619–1622.

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Figure 20-38 SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN, new Saint Paul’s Cathedral, London, England, 1675–1710.

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Discussion Questions

Compare the values of the 17th century Dutch Republic to 17th century France. How did their different values affect the art created in each culture?

How does 17th century Dutch art compare to that of 17th century Italy? 17th century Spain?

How does 17th century architecture in the Northern European countries compare to the architecture of Baroque Italy? Consider appearance, form, and function.