chemical building blocks

chemical building blocks

Multiple Choice Questions

Mendeleev created the first periodic table by arranging elements in order of...

increasing atomic mass.

How did chemists change Mendeleev’s periodic table in the early 1900’s?

They used atomic number instead of atomic mass to organize the elements.

From an element’s location in the periodic table, you can predict...

its properties.

It is true about a column of the periodic table that...

the elements have similar properties.

Because atoms are so small...

scientists create models to describe them.

The following natural event provides enough energy for the nuclear fusion reactions that create the heaviest elements...

super nova.

Most metals are not

liquid at room temperature

What is a true statement about metal?

Metals are highly reactive substances.

In the periodic table, the most reactive metals are found...

in Group 1, the first column on the left.

To make most synthetic elements, scientists use powerful machines called...

particle accelerators.

Why would it be very difficult to determine the chemical and physical properties of a newly discovered synthetic element?

The element would lack many properties of ordinary elements.

Which group contains the most elements?

metals

At room temperature, more than half of the nonmetal elements are...

gases.

What property of bromine you could not predict based on the fact that it is a nonmetal in the halogen family?

liquid at room temperature

How does nuclear fusion create a new elements inside stars?

Small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei.

The sun is made up mostly of ...

hydrogen

A material is said to be ductile if it...

can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire.

In an atom, the number of protons equals the number of...

electrons

The elements in a row of the periodic table...

have properties that change in a pattern.

The elements in a column of the periodic table...

have similar properties.

What information in the periodic table indicates the number of protons in an atom?

The element’s atomic number

Which parts of the atom move around the nucleus?

electrons

The atomic number of an element is based on the...

number of protons in the nucleus.

What prediction did Mendeleev make that come true less than 20 years later?

He said that three new elements would be discovered and he described their properties.

The two most common alkaline earth metals are...

calcium and magnesium.

Which of the following statements about transition metals is true?

They include familiar metals such as gold, silver, copper, and nickel.

Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and nonmetals?

metalloids

The elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are...

noble gases.

Which particles in atoms have a negative electric charge?

electrons

Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called...

halogens

True/False Questions

The modern periodic table is organized according to atomic mass. (T/F)

False

The modern periodic table is organized according to atomic number.

The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as groups.

False.

The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as periods.

The elements in a group of table have similar characteristics.

True.

Protons have no charge; they are neutral.

False.

Neutrons have no charge; they are neutral.

Describing a metal as malleable means that it can be pounded into a new shape.

True.

The most chemically reactive metals are in Group 1 of the periodic table.

True.

Nonmetals can be found on the left side of the periodic table.

False.

Nonmetals can be found on the right side of the periodic table.

In general, the physical properties of nonmetals are similar to the properties of metals.

False.

In general, the physical properties of nonmetals are different than the properties of metals.

Fusion is the process in which existing nuclei combine and make new nuclei.

True.

Atoms of the halogen family of elements typically gain two electrons when they react.

Atoms of the halogen family of elements typically gain two electrons when they react.

False.

Atoms of the halogen family of elements typically gain one electron when they meet.

Completion Questions

Mendeleev discovered that periodic patterns appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing ________________.

atomic mass

The property of an element that indicates the number of protons in its atoms is the __________________.

atomic number

A column of elements in the periodic is called a group, or _________________.

family

Scientists use _____________ to study objects and events that are too small, too large, too slow, too fast, too dangerous, or too far away to see.

models

Elements that easily transmit electricity and heat display the property know as ____________ .

conductivity

The chemical reactivity of metals tends to_______________ from left to right across the periodic table.

decrease

Elements that form diatomic molecules, or molecules of two atoms each, are commonly found on the ____________side of the periodic table.

right

Nonmetals are _________ conductors of electricity.

poor

Astonomers generally agree that the matter in the sun and its planets came from a(n) _____________________ an explosion that broke apart a massive star billions of years ago.

supernova

In the 1800’s Dmitri Mendeleev organized the first truly useful _______________.

Periodic Table

An element’s _______________ can predicted from its location in the periodic table.

properties

Each element is given a specific ____________________ that usually consists of one or two letters.

chemical symbol

Elements with atomic numbers higher than 92 are not found naturally on Earth, so they must be made, or _____________by crashing nuclear particles into each other.

synthesized

Most metals are in the __________ state at room temperature.

solid

The __________________ is the very small center core of an atom.

nuclei

Elements known as ________________are located to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table.

nonmetals

At room temperature, all the metalloids are solids, while most nonmetals are__________.

gases

A substance that will conduct electricity only under certain conditions is called a/n____________________.

metalloid

In stars, matter exists in the ____________state, which is a gas-like mixture of free electrons and atoms stripped of their electrons.

plasma

When two nuclei combine in a/n _________________ reaction, a huge amount of energy is released.

nuclear fusion