chemigating with confidence tom hoffmann technical assistance specialist byron fitch chemigation...

Chemigating with Confidence

Chemigating with Confidence

Tom HoffmannTechnical Assistance Specialist

Byron FitchChemigation Compliance Specialist

Tom HoffmannTechnical Assistance Specialist

Byron FitchChemigation Compliance Specialist

Injection System CalibrationInjection System Calibration

TopicsTopics

New Training Program

Chemigation & Fertigation Guidelines

Label Interpretation

Calibration of Injection System

Questions

New Training Program

Chemigation & Fertigation Guidelines

Label Interpretation

Calibration of Injection System

Questions

New Training Program . . . and ConceptNew Training Program . . . and Concept

Chemigation RegulationsChemigation RegulationsChemigation RegulationsChemigation Regulations

Federal Label Improvement Program ( LIP ) Pesticide Regulation Notice 87-1

( Label Improvement Program for Pesticides Applied Through Irrigation Systems )

Provisions effective in April 1988

Washington State Chemigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-1001 )

Effective date: October 31, 1989

Fertigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-2001 )Effective Date: January 7, 1991

Federal Label Improvement Program ( LIP ) Pesticide Regulation Notice 87-1

( Label Improvement Program for Pesticides Applied Through Irrigation Systems )

Provisions effective in April 1988

Washington State Chemigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-1001 )

Effective date: October 31, 1989

Fertigation Rule ( WAC 16-202-2001 )Effective Date: January 7, 1991

Chemigation and FertigationChemigation and FertigationAn applicator must demonstrate that an operation will not

result in reasonably foreseeable harm to humans, surface water or ground water, or desirable plants or animals.

Safety devices and injection equipment must be installed, operated, and maintained according to manufacturer’s specifications or established industry standards.

Equipment must be operated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication and off-site application.

Applicator must verify that source water contamination will not occur

Alternative devices must be authorized by WSDA staff.Principal applicator is ultimately responsible.Irrigation & injection systems are deemed an apparatus.

An applicator must demonstrate that an operation will not result in reasonably foreseeable harm to humans, surface water or ground water, or desirable plants or animals.

Safety devices and injection equipment must be installed, operated, and maintained according to manufacturer’s specifications or established industry standards.

Equipment must be operated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication and off-site application.

Applicator must verify that source water contamination will not occur

Alternative devices must be authorized by WSDA staff.Principal applicator is ultimately responsible.Irrigation & injection systems are deemed an apparatus.

Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

“Substituted alternative technology not otherwise specified . . . must be evaluated by the department. . . .”

WAC 16-202-1003 ( 3 ) & WAC 15-202-2003 ( 4 )

“Substituted alternative technology not otherwise specified . . . must be evaluated by the department. . . .”

WAC 16-202-1003 ( 3 ) & WAC 15-202-2003 ( 4 )

Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

Until alternative technology is approved, devices are required.Until alternative technology is approved, devices are required.

Vacuum Relief ValveVacuum Relief Valve

Inspection PortInspection Port

Low Pressure DrainLow Pressure Drain

Check ValveCheck Valve

Antipollution Device RequirementsAntipollution Device Requirements

Antipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution DevicesAntipollution Devices

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

Irrigation System► Check valve► Vacuum relief valve► Low pressure drain► Inspection port

Injection System► Interlock► Injection Line Check valve

Injection System► Interlock► Injection Line Check valve

Minimum: 10 psi opening pressureMinimum: 10 psi opening pressure

< 15 % of systems were compliant at initial inspection.

< 15 % of systems were compliant at initial inspection.

Tank Identification Contact Name Phone Number Identifier Volume Pesticide Label

Tank Identification Contact Name Phone Number Identifier Volume Pesticide Label

State RequirementsState Requirements

Federal & State RequirementsFederal & State Requirements

Full Pesticide LabelFull Pesticide Label

ChemigationChemigation

FertigationFertigation

Farm maps to identify location and direction of

sensitive sites

Farm maps to identify location and direction of

sensitive sites

Contact InformationContact NamePhone Number

Contact InformationContact NamePhone Number

General InformationPhone numberContact nameProduct nameStart time & dateEnd time & dateHealth hazardsSymptomologyPractical treatment

General InformationPhone numberContact nameProduct nameStart time & dateEnd time & dateHealth hazardsSymptomologyPractical treatment

Reasons to Assess UniformityReasons to Assess Uniformity

Economic► Excessive product

► Additional irrigation water

► Compromised yield and quality

Environmental► Deep leaching

► Surface runoff

Regulatory

Economic► Excessive product

► Additional irrigation water

► Compromised yield and quality

Environmental► Deep leaching

► Surface runoff

Regulatory

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 30 60 90 121 150 180 210 240 270 299 329 359

Angular Location (degrees)

Pre

ssu

re (

kPa)

En

d G

un

Sta

tus

Pressure

End gun status

On

Off

Off

On

Seasonal Application Depth vs. Field AreaSeasonal Application Depth vs. Field Area

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Field Area

Ap

pli

cati

on

Dep

th (

in)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Field Area

Ap

pli

cati

on

Dep

th (

in) CU = 90%

CU = 70%

CU = 90% CU = 70%

338

392398

390

356

300

320

340

360

380

400

420

Tu

ber

Yie

ld (

cwt)

-5 to -3 -3 to -1 -1 to 1 1 to 3 3 to 5

Irrigation Scheduling (ET) - Inches

Total Potato Yield as Influenced by the Difference Between Irrigation and Season Evaporation in Southern Idaho, 1995.

Total Potato Yield as Influenced by the Difference Between Irrigation and Season Evaporation in Southern Idaho, 1995.

Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency Swing Span

► 25 acres► Calibrate for ½ rate on

25 acres► Over apply by 10 % on

125 acres Production Cost

► Pesticide: $340 / acre► Fertilizer: $404 / acre

10 % Over application► Pesticide: $4,257► Fertilizer: $5,044

Total: $9,301

Swing Span► 25 acres► Calibrate for ½ rate on

25 acres► Over apply by 10 % on

125 acres Production Cost

► Pesticide: $340 / acre► Fertilizer: $404 / acre

10 % Over application► Pesticide: $4,257► Fertilizer: $5,044

Total: $9,301 Processing PotatoesProcessing Potatoes

Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency System with 70 % versus 90 % DUlq

Irrigation water: 28 inches► Additional water: 5 inches

Irrigation system expense► Variable cost only

Electrical, labor, repair $132.72 / acre

► Increase by $33.17 per acre or $4,146 for pivot.► No penalty charged for overage of water allotment.

System with 70 % versus 90 % DUlq

Irrigation water: 28 inches► Additional water: 5 inches

Irrigation system expense► Variable cost only

Electrical, labor, repair $132.72 / acre

► Increase by $33.17 per acre or $4,146 for pivot.► No penalty charged for overage of water allotment.

Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency

3 to 12 % variation in pumping rate from change in air temperature & solar radiation

► 5 percent on 125 pivot.► Production cost ( Acre )

Chemical: $340 Fertilizer: $404

► Additional cost $37.20 per acre $4,650 for pivot.

3 to 12 % variation in pumping rate from change in air temperature & solar radiation

► 5 percent on 125 pivot.► Production cost ( Acre )

Chemical: $340 Fertilizer: $404

► Additional cost $37.20 per acre $4,650 for pivot.

Cost of InefficiencyCost of Inefficiency

Distribution Uniformity Pump Calibration ( 5 % )

Total: $8,796

Distribution Uniformity Pump Calibration ( 5 % )

Total: $8,796

$4,650$4,650$4,146$4,146

Quiz . . .Quiz . . . Is the pesticide label a legal document ? Is the pesticide label a legal document ?

Label ProvisionsLabel Provisions

Advisory statements► Do not direct or require a user to perform

or refrain from an action. Unenforceable.

► Use words such as “suggested,” “recommended,” or “should.”

► “Treatment Guidelines: For optimum results, certain procedures should be observed. . . .”

Advisory statements► Do not direct or require a user to perform

or refrain from an action. Unenforceable.

► Use words such as “suggested,” “recommended,” or “should.”

► “Treatment Guidelines: For optimum results, certain procedures should be observed. . . .”

100 % - 145 acres100 % - 145 acres

10 % - 1.5 acres10 % - 1.5 acres

50 % - 36 acres50 % - 36 acres

75 % - 82 acres75 % - 82 acres70.6 % - 72.5 acres70.6 % - 72.5 acres

25 % - 9.1 acres25 % - 9.1 acres

80’80’ 0.5 acre0.5 acre

Catch Can TestDistribution Uniformity

DU=91.4%

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Distance (feet)

De

pth

(in

ch

es

)

Percentage of rotten tubers in relation to distance from center of pivot when cv Ranger was stored and sampled at various

times, Bruce WA, 1999.

Percentage of rotten tubers in relation to distance from center of pivot when cv Ranger was stored and sampled at various

times, Bruce WA, 1999.

y = 28.899x -1.8789

R2 = 0.86

0

5

10

15

20

25

15 18 21 24 27 31 34 37Distance from center of pivot (m)

Per

cent

rot

ted

tube

rs

93 days

50 days

30 days

8 days

Total rot

Fitted curve

Label ProvisionsLabel Provisions

Mandatory statements► Directives or commands

► Require or prohibit certain actions by user

► Binding and enforceable

► Often ( not always ) use imperative verbs: must, shall or shall not, do not, etc.

“Mechanically incorporate this product within 24 hours after application.”

Mandatory statements► Directives or commands

► Require or prohibit certain actions by user

► Binding and enforceable

► Often ( not always ) use imperative verbs: must, shall or shall not, do not, etc.

“Mechanically incorporate this product within 24 hours after application.”

Application UniformityApplication Uniformity

WAC 16-202-1003 ( 13 )“Equipment must be calibrated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication or off-site application. . . .”

WAC 16-202-1003 ( 13 )“Equipment must be calibrated and maintained in a manner to prevent misapplication or off-site application. . . .”

Calibration – Seven Basic StepsCalibration – Seven Basic StepsDetermine the:

1. Size of the treated area, in acres.

2. Pivot circumference, in feet.

3. Pivot travel speed, in feet per minute.

4. Product used and application rate.

5. Total amount of product required.

6. The injection rate in gallons per hour.

7. Injection pump setting.

Determine the:

1. Size of the treated area, in acres.

2. Pivot circumference, in feet.

3. Pivot travel speed, in feet per minute.

4. Product used and application rate.

5. Total amount of product required.

6. The injection rate in gallons per hour.

7. Injection pump setting.

Chemigation AssumptionsChemigation Assumptions A grower will apply Bravo WeatherStik to

manage late blight. Center pivot with drop nozzles. Pivot to last tower is 1,248 feet. Wetted radius is 1,290 feet. There is no swing span. Endgun will be disabled. Target irrigation depth is 0.25-inch water. Maximum rate selected for late blight control. DUlq is 89 percent.

A grower will apply Bravo WeatherStik to manage late blight.

Center pivot with drop nozzles. Pivot to last tower is 1,248 feet. Wetted radius is 1,290 feet. There is no swing span. Endgun will be disabled. Target irrigation depth is 0.25-inch water. Maximum rate selected for late blight control. DUlq is 89 percent.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Determine size of treatment area.Determine size of treatment area.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

1,248 feet

Area = r2Area = r2

Field Size = 3.1416 x 1,290 feet x 1,290 feetField Size = 3.1416 x 1,290 feet x 1,290 feetField Size = 5,227,937 feet2 or 120 acresField Size = 5,227,937 feet2 or 120 acres

1,290 feet

Value for r ( Radius )► Treated area► 80% of throw distance for

outermost sprayhead / nozzle

Value for r ( Radius )► Treated area► 80% of throw distance for

outermost sprayhead / nozzle

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Calculate the pivot circumference.Calculate the pivot circumference.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

1,248 feet

C = 2rC = 2rCircumference = 2 x 1,248 feet x 3.1416Circumference = 2 x 1,248 feet x 3.1416Circumference = 7,841 feetCircumference = 7,841 feet

1,290 feet

Measured at outer most tower track

Measured at outer most tower track

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Product application rate.Product application rate.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationLabeled rate of product.

► 1.25 pints.

Labeled rate of product.► 1.25 pints.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.

► 1.25 pints / acre x 120 acres = 150 fl. oz.

Total amount of product required.► 1.25 pints / acre x 120 acres = 150 fl. oz.

Gallons =150 pints gallon

field 8 pints

or 18.75 gallonsor 18.75 gallons

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.

► 18.75 gallons aa CarrierCarrier

Total amount of product required.► 18.75 gallons

aa CarrierCarrier

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationTotal amount of product required.

► 18.75 gallons

aa Carrier► 15:1

Material Gallons

Bravo 18.75

Water

Total

( 14 gallons water to 1 gallon Bravo )( 14 gallons water to 1 gallon Bravo )

281.25281.25

300.00300.00

300-Gallon Batch300-Gallon Batch

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Set center pivot speed.► Adjust irrigation depth for DUlq = 89 %

► Adjusted Depth 0.25-inch / .89 = 0.28-inch

Settings and Application RateSettings and Application Rate

Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass

5.05.0 168.0168.0 2.532.53

7.57.5 112.0112.0 1.691.69

10.010.0 84.084.0 1.261.26

12.512.5 67.267.2 1.011.01

15.015.0 56.056.0 0.840.84

17.517.5 48.048.0 0.720.72

20.020.0 42.042.0 0.630.63

25.025.0 33.633.6 0.510.51

30.030.0 28.028.0 0.420.42

35.035.0 24.024.0 0.360.36

40.040.0 21.021.0 0.320.32

45.045.0 18.718.7 0.280.28

50.050.0 16.816.8 0.250.25

60.060.0 14.014.0 0.210.21

70.070.0 12.012.0 0.180.18

80.080.0 10.510.5 0.160.16

90.090.0 9.39.3 0.140.14

100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126

Settings and Application RateSettings and Application Rate

Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass

5.05.0 168.0168.0 2.532.53

7.57.5 112.0112.0 1.691.69

10.010.0 84.084.0 1.261.26

12.512.5 67.267.2 1.011.01

15.015.0 56.056.0 0.840.84

17.517.5 48.048.0 0.720.72

20.020.0 42.042.0 0.630.63

25.025.0 33.633.6 0.510.51

30.030.0 28.028.0 0.420.42

35.035.0 24.024.0 0.360.36

40.040.0 21.021.0 0.320.32

45.045.0 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28

50.050.0 16.816.8 0.250.25

60.060.0 14.014.0 0.210.21

70.070.0 12.012.0 0.180.18

80.080.0 10.510.5 0.160.16

90.090.0 9.39.3 0.140.14

100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Set center pivot speed for 0.28-inch.► Pivot timer = 45 %

Percent Timer Setting =Irrigation Depth at 100%

Irrigation Depth Desired

Settings and Application Rate

Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass

45.045.0 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28

100.0100.0 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationVerify pivot speed

► Set the desired pivot speed ( 45% ).► Run system “wet” at operating pressure.► Take start and stop measures at the same

points in the move / stop cycle.► If terrain is rolling, check speed at several

locations in rotation.► Travel speed will change during the season.

Variation in wheel track resistance due to soil surface cover, soil compaction, & track depth.

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Travel Speed: 67.8 feet in 10 minutesTravel Speed: 67.8 feet in 10 minutes

General Rule – Minimum of: 10 minutes 50 feet

General Rule – Minimum of: 10 minutes 50 feet

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationRevolution SpeedRevolution Speed

Minutes / revolution =10 minutes

67.8 feet

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationRevolution SpeedRevolution Speed

1,156.5 min. 60 min. / hour = 19.3 hours1,156.5 min. 60 min. / hour = 19.3 hours

Pivot Speed Settings and Application Rate

Speed, %Speed, % Feet / MinuteFeet / Minute Hours / RevHours / Rev Inch(es) / PassInch(es) / Pass

4040 6.226.22 21.021.0 0.320.32

45adj45adj 6.786.78 19.319.3 ??

4545 6.996.99 18.718.7 0.280.28

100100 15.5615.56 8.48.4 0.1260.126

Minutes / revolution =10 minutes 7,841 feet

67.8 feet revolution

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation CalibrationDetermine application injection rate.

►Quantity300 gallons

►Length of irrigation set19.3 hours

► Injection rate per hour

300 gallons

19.3 hoursGallons / Hour =

15.54 gallons / hour15.54 gallons / hour

Chemigation CalibrationChemigation Calibration

Determine application injection rate.► Quantity

300 gallons

► Length of irrigation set19.3 hours

► Injection rate per hour15.54 gallons

► Pump capacityRated: 30 gallons per hourActual: 27 gallons per hour

Injection Pump SettingInjection Pump Setting Injection Rate = 16.04 gallons / hour Pump capacity = 27 gallons per hour

% Setting of Pump =15.54 gallons per hour

27 gallons per hour

% Pump Setting = 58 %% Pump Setting = 58 %

% Setting of Pump =Desired Injection Rate

Pump Capacity

Factors Affecting Pump OutputFactors Affecting Pump Output

Factory-based specific drive shaft speed. Pump wear.

► Tolerances► Bypass or leakage

Pesticide formulation.► Wettable powder v. emulsifiable concentrate

Temperature► Viscosity► Thermo expansion / contraction

Factory-based specific drive shaft speed. Pump wear.

► Tolerances► Bypass or leakage

Pesticide formulation.► Wettable powder v. emulsifiable concentrate

Temperature► Viscosity► Thermo expansion / contraction

Fine Tuning CalibrationFine Tuning Calibration

Pump adjustments► 30-second time checks

► 5-minute final time check.

Pump adjustments► 30-second time checks

► 5-minute final time check.

WindAir

TemperatureApplication

RateDate Time Speed Direction Observations

Application Monitoring RecordApplication Monitoring Record

QuestionsQuestions