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University of TebessaLaboratoire des Matériaux Organiques et

Hétérochimie

Chemistry in us and for us

Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1

Pr. Gouasmia Abdelkrim8-10-2017

Jabir IbnHayyan

(Geber)

An alchemistwhoseexperimental research laid to thebaseof chemistry.

He has been described as the father of early

chemistry

What is Chemistry ?

Chemistry

is a fascinating field of study

It allows to bring us to the heart of matter to

better understand and discover:

✓what atoms are

✓How do they get together to give mole cules?

✓By what types of reactions do they build the

world and living matter

✓It informs us about

the chemical natureof our

immediate surrounding envir onment

cellulose

(6aS,11bR)-7,11b-Dihydro-6H-indeno[2,1-c] chromene-3,6a,9,10-tetrol

✓It helps Understanding

the physical and

biological

Phenomena

that governs the world

wherewe live

Chemistry is also a Central Science

It’s a prerequisite for related sciences such as Biology, Pharmacy, Medicine, Biotechnology,

etc.

Our lives are dependent on Chemistry

Human beings (body, spirit and soul)are animated with life and intelligence.

The living matter (body)is a sophisticated composition

of Elements and Chemical Mole cules

for a body weighing 100kg, there are10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000

atoms

The chemical elements, in human body, are diverse in nature and in quantity

and plays on important role.

Magnesium , for example:

It is important for the contraction and relaxation of muscles

Magnesium is involved in the synthesis of proteinand it assists certain enzymes

in the body

Over 300 enzymes requiremagnesium ions for their

catalytic action,

There are 4 major Organic molecules in our body

that govern our biological system

Organic molecules: Carbohydrates

main energy source for all living things .

There are two types of carbohydrates: Slow and Fast Sugars.

Organic molecules: Lipidsare compounds of fatty acids and

glycerols, Build up membranes

(long term energy storage)

Organic molecules: ProteinsHave many roles within living cells.

Make up the majority of our body; muscles, hair, skin, nails (do not produce energy)

Organic molecules: Nucleic Acidsare our genetic material (DNA and RNA)

They areformed of a chain of nucleotides containing a phosphate,an ose anda nitrogen base

For better or for worse, everything is chemical!

These organic molecules regulate all cells activities, such as the

muscular and nervous activity, digestion, respiration, reproduction

smell, taste, and even the emotional activity.,

If we take the taste activity, the four basic tastes

(sweet, salt, sour, and bitter) are due to a chemical recognition reactions with the

receptor cells located on the tongue

lemon orange

spicy

Some mole culesresponsible for different tastes

in the activity of the smellOlfaction,

the fragrant organic molecules give the sensation aromas and perfumes when they are detected by the nose as vapors

Geraniol .

HORMONES [They rule our lives]

are also organic molecules (Chemical Messengers)

secreted by the Endocrine GlandsThe

Hormones lead our behavior and emotionssuch,as:mania, happiness, excitement, stress,

fear

Dopaminefor example,

emits signals of happiness and pleasure;

Phenylethylamine

is produced when we are physically attracted by a person,

it reduces appetiteand sleep needs;

Other organic substances which are essential for our body vitality are vitamins.

Vitamin A For instance,

Promotes growth and improves vision; Its deficiency causes

alteration of the Epithelium and blindness.

Vitamin B12Is important

Inthe prevention

of pernicious anemia,

forthe balance of

the nervous system

in the synthesis

of DNA.

Organic chemistry is more than a Science. It is an art

that impacts all aspects and segments of our society.

•Chemistry Cure us through development of Synthetic Drugs, such antibiotics, antihistamines, anti-Tumors, etc.

•Feed us through productionof Agro-Food Industry, Such as Dairy Products,Synthetic Flavors, etc.

• Chemistry Cloth us through production of Synthetic Textiles,

such asNylon, Tergal, Plastics and Elastomers

Nylon

tergal (Dacron)

•Protect usthrough the production of Soaps, Detergents,

Insecticides and Pesticides

Chemistry Color and accommodate

our lives through production of

Paints, Cosmetics, Perfumes, Paper, etc. Argan oil

Contains 43 % oleic acid (Oméga -9)

36 % Linoleic acid (Oméga-6)

Without Chemistry

many activities

could not exist.

Hazards of ChemistryAs the chemistry can award a lot of benefits,

we can't ignore the damage provoked by its bad uses on man and environment

The best illustration of Chemistry damagesis the use of chemical weapons

in Palestine, Syria, Iraq

and colonial Algeria in the past.

On this day,Colonial France killed 45,000 Algerians in

setif, guelma and kharata

our congress is held in Setif: city of martyrs

Setif in 1945

Many fatal accidents have rooted the fear of chemical hazards

in the collective mind.

Even when we ask a schoolboy to sketch a chemist, the draft would probably be a bottle

bearing the label "Skull" or a crazy chemist woman With

bristly hair.

The famous chemistand Novelist

Primo Levisaid:

«Chemistry is an impartial, impassive,and pitiless judge who severelypunishes you for the slightest error»Italian Jew by birth, Born on July 31, 1919 in Turin and died on April 11, 1987 inTurin, is a doctor of Italian chemistry made famous by his book Si c'est un homme,in which he recounts his imprisonment during the year 1944 in the campconcentration and extermination of Auschwitz-Monowitz.

The chemical hazardis often sudden, unexpected and unfortunate event.

It announces itselfin the routine

with din or without din

As instance of chemical hazardwith din

•The explosion of the powder factory of Grenelle (Paris) in 1794, leaving 600 deads and 800 heavily wounded

In Bhopal, India, a plant releasesseveral tons of methylisocyanate, a highly toxicintermediate used in theproduction of insecticides;

On the other hand, we have chemical hazard without din (Silent disasters)

Some organic molecules like:

DDT,thalidomide, and CFC

were used in large-scale during the lastcentury, have provoked irreversible dramas onMan and the Environment.

DDTs

were used as insecticideshave been incriminated

for its disastrous pollutingimpact on nature

Thalidomide was used as a sedative, but the S-

enantiomer of the racemic mixture causedthousands malformations of limbs, by itsteratogenic function

The disasters caused by the thalidomide

CO2, CFC gaz and Climate deregulation

Excessive CO2 emissions due To human overconsumption of fossil fuels with an over-use of CFC gaseshave led to

Global warming.

these new phenomena

inevitably lead to an ecological disaster

such as

Floods and Droughts

To avoidthe decline

of humancivilization

the only salutary outcome today can only bethe use of other more

« sustainable and renewableenergy resources »

such as solar energyand biomass.

It is better to acceptHuman Impotence facing a chemistry

Andrather prepare efficient

plans to limit the consequences of the

disasters and hazards.

Even with its hideous facet, chemistry will remain

an essential vector of modernity,

the accident will also remainthe offering

too pay for the advancement of

chemistry and progress.

we are forced to live with chemistryin consensus

and find a compromise to reconcile the human will and forces of nature to limit the damage and make this world joyful and habitable.

A chemical transformation

is not only defined by its chemical performance or its cost,

but primarily by its en viron mental impact.

A serious alternative will be green chemistry, an ecological chemistry. It must reconcile safety requirements with the desire for more progress and more well-

being.

Application of recommendation of green chemistry

permits scientists have to tamemole cules in order to make them

less toxic, less aggressiveand less inhospitable.

the role of the chemists is capital to find creative ways of using Eco-friendly raw materials that are derived from

nature. That would require the use of catalytic processes, less resource waste processes, and above all the creation of more biodegradable

products.

To play this role, the chemist must master the tools of modern chemistry, equip himself with a solid training by understanding the basic aspects of chemistry, using didacticinstruments illustrated by diagrams

and representative figures with historicalreminders and technical inserts .

In conclusion, the teaching of chemistrycan not remain exclusively Verbal, but follow a new Path which must involve manipulations, with a very prolonged stay and really profitable in the laboratory,

Because chemistry is a labor,its space

a laboratory.

As a joke if someonelooks like them, it's my fault becausei’m not perfect, i annoyed you, i said

stupid things, but i will always love you