chemistry – matter and change
Post on 11-Jan-2016
219 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry – Chemistry – Matter and ChangeMatter and Change
Chapter TWO
Objectives for Unit 2Objectives for Unit 2SPI 3221.1.2 – Interpret the periodic table to describe an
element’s atomic makeup.
SPI 3221.2.1 – Distinguish among elements and compounds.
SPI 3221.2.4 – Classify as physical or chemical change.
SPI 3221.2.5 – Compare and contrast heat/temperature changes in chemical/physical processes.
SPI 3221.2.6 – Investigate solids, liquids, and gasses in terms of energy and particle spacing.
More Objectives for More Objectives for Unit 2Unit 2You will also be able to…
- Define and describe “Chemistry” - List the different types of Chemistry - Describe how to separate a mixture - Describe the periodic table and
how it is arranged
ChemistryChemistry: the study of : the study of composition, structure, composition, structure,
and properties of matter* and properties of matter* and the changes it and the changes it
undergoes.undergoes.
*Matter: composed of mass and takes up space.*Matter: composed of mass and takes up space.
Branches of ChemistryBranches of Chemistry1.1. Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry – carbon-containing
compounds.2.2. Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry – no carbon3.3. Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry – properties and changes
of matter and their relation to energy.4.4. Analytical ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry – identification of
components and composition of materials.5.5. BiochemistryBiochemistry – substances and processes
occurring in living things.6.6. Theoretical ChemistryTheoretical Chemistry – use of math and
computers to understand chemical behavior and to design/predict the properties of NEW compounds.
Elements and Elements and CompoundsCompounds• All matter is composed of atomsatoms.
– Copper pipe is made of copper atoms.– Oxygen gas is made of oxygen atoms.
• Atoms of two or more elements bond together to make compoundscompounds.
– CO2 (___ carbon atom and ___ oxygen atoms)– H2O2 (___ hydrogen atoms & ___ oxygen atoms)
• An elementelement is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
– Carbon is an element made of only carbon atoms.
Physical PropertiesPhysical PropertiesA characteristic that can be observed or measured without
changing the identity of the substance. Examples: boiling and freezing points
Physical Change: does not involve a change in identity of the substance…cutting, melting, boiling, freezing, tearing.
Change of State: physical change from one state to another.• Solid Liquid (Melting) Liquid Solid
(Freezing)• Solid Gas (Subliming) Gas Solid (Deposition)• Liquid Gas (Evap./Boil) Gas Liquid
(Condensing)
SOLID - LIQUID - GAS - PLASMASOLID - LIQUID - GAS - PLASMA
STATES OF MATTER
• SOLID:– Definite Shape– Definite Volume– Particles move slowly
and are close together
Video: Potassium
• Examples– Sodium metal (Na)– Ice (H2O)– Gold at room temp. (Au)
STATES OF MATTER
• LIQUID:– No Definite Shape– Definite Volume– Particles move a little
faster than solids and more freely.
Video: Mercury• Examples
– Mercury (Hg)– Bromine (Br2)– Water (H2O)– Gold at high temp. (Au)
STATES OF MATTER
• GAS:– No Definite Shape– No Definite Volume– Particles move very quickly and
are far apart.
Video: Chlorine • Examples
– Neon (Ne)– Steam (H2O)– Chlorine gas (Cl2)
STATES OF MATTER
• PLASMA:– High Temperature– Atoms lose electrons
easily
Video: What is Plasma?• Examples
– Sun– Fluorescent Bulbs
STATES OF MATTER
Chemical Properties……relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant product
carbon + oxygen carbon dioxideC + OC + O22 CO CO22
Alkali Metals in Water
Chemical Properties……relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant product sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Na + HNa + H22O O NaOH + H NaOH + H22
Chemical Properties……relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant product Potassium + water potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
K + HK + H22O O KOH + H KOH + H22
Chemical Properties……relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant product Rubidium + water rubidium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Rb + HRb + H22O O RbOH + H RbOH + H22
Matter
Mixtures Pure Substances
Homogeneous(air, sugar in water)
Heterogeneous(wood, blood)
Elements(gold, oxygen)
Compounds(water, salt, sugar)
Classification ofClassification of
“Solutions”
Mixtures vs. Pure Substances
MIXTURESMIXTURES• Blend of two or more
types of matter (each retains its own identities and properties.)
• Salt-Water…is both salt and water. Tastes like salt and tastes like water.
• Mixture of metals: alloy-24 k. gold = only gold-18 k. gold = gold, silver,
copper
PURE SUBSTANCESPURE SUBSTANCES• Every sample has
exactly the same properties.
• Every sample has exactly the same composition.– Pure water is always
11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen.
Matter
Mixtures Pure Substances
Homogeneous(air, sugar in water)
Heterogeneous(wood, blood)
Elements(gold, oxygen)
Compounds(water, salt, sugar)
Classification ofClassification of
“Solutions”
Separation of MixturesDISTILLATION
1. Boil mixture.2. Liquid boils off, leaving
solid minerals behind.3. Collect the boiled vapor
in a condenser.4. Collected liquid is
pure(er).
Ex: Seawater or Moonshine
FILTRATION1. Pour mixture onto a
mesh, like filter paper. 2. Liquid passes through
paper.3. Solid is left on the
paper.
Ex: Charcoal water filters
INTRO to the Periodic Table
GROUPSGROUPS (or families) are VERTICLE
PERIODSPERIODS are HORIZONTAL.
Metals are Left. Nonmetals are RightMetals are Left. Nonmetals are Right
METALLOIDS are on METALLOIDS are on Zig-Zag Line.Zig-Zag Line.
Groups you should know…
• Alkali Metals• Alkaline Earth Metals• Transition Metals• Rare Earth Metals• Metalloids• Nonmetals• Inert “Nobel” Gases
Vocabulary Review• Chemistry• Atom• Compound• Element• Change of State• Physical Change• Mass, Matter• Chemical Change• Chemical Reaction• Mixture
– Homogeneous– Heterogeneous
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
• Reactant
• Product
• Pure Substance
• Group (Family) & Period
• Metal
• Nonmetal
• Metalloid
Important InformationImportant InformationTest on ___________!
- Chapter 2
- Scientific Method Review
- Lab Safety & Equipment
- Graphing Review
Bring:
Pencil & Calculator
Book (for after test)
Next Unit… Chapter 5
Measurements &
Calculations
top related