chemistry of life

Cornell Notes

1. Title it Chemistry of Life Study Guide.2. On the right side of the page write your

notes. 3. On the left side write topic headings. 4. On the bottom section of each page you will

take add a summary after re-reading the notes you wrote.

Elements• Pure substances• Have only ONE type of atom• Composed of:

– Protons (+)– Electrons (-)– Neutrons (0)

• Examples:

What 4 elements are most present in

organisms?

Composition of Elements• Protons and

neutrons in the nucleus

• Electrons in shells outside the nucleus

• 1st shell needs 2 electrons to be full

• Outer shells need 8 electrons to be full

Bohr Model

Atomic Number• Atomic # = # protons

• Also = # electrons

• Ex. Lithium has 3 protons and 3 electrons

Molecule or Compound?• A molecule is formed when two or more

atoms join together chemically.• A compound is a molecule that contains at

least two different elements. • All compounds are molecules but not all

molecules are compounds.Molecule

or Compoun

d?

Pictures of Compounds

WaterH2O

GlucoseC6H12O6

Macromolecules• Macromolecule means LARGE molecule

• Carbohydrates – sugars and starches C, H, O

• Lipids – fats and oils C, H, O

• Proteins – muscle and enzymes C, H, O, N

• Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA C, H, O, N, PWhy do you eat food?For raw materials to build and energy!

Carbohydrates

• Made up of C,H,O• Biological Function: source of energy• Examples: sugar, rice, bread,

potatoes• Monomer: monosaccharide

Lipids

• Made of C,H,O

• Biological Function: Store energy

• Biological examples: wax, oil, butter.

• Monomer: 1 glycerol

and 3 fatty acids

Proteins

• Made of C,H,O,N

• Biological function: Building and repairing cells, metabolism: speeds up or slows down chemical reactions

• Biological example: meat/muscle, hair, nails, enzymes

• Monomer: amino acid

Enzymes• Proteins that speed up chemical

reactions in the cell (catalysts).

• Catabolism - breaking molecules

• Anabolism – making molecules

Nucleic Acids

• Made of C,H,O,N,P• Biological Function: Information called

genes, determines physical appearance

• Biological Example: DNA, RNA, ATP• Monomer: nucleotides

So how do molecules (chemistry)

become life (biology)?

Who can tell me what you’re made of?

• Carbohydrates – sugars CHO

• Lipids – fats CHO

• Proteins – muscle, hair, and enzymes CHON

• Nucleic Acids – DNA, RNA, ATP CHONP

Cornell NotesNow:

A.Read the notes you wroteB.Add Topic Headings in the Left

Margin C.Add a summary to the bottom of

each page

Review Time!!!

Fill in the Macromolecule

Graphic Organizer (you may get help

from your neighbor)