chicago architecture. frank lloyd wright, louis sullivan, and the chicago fire

How it became the nations architectural image

CHICAGO STYLE ARCHITECTURE

THE GREAT CITY OF CHICAGO

Chicago was a booming city, a huge metropolitan area, and the second most populace city in the United States.

Before 1871

Its architecture strongly resembled the “European Style”. There wasn’t really a “ American Style” of architecture.

THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE OCTOBER 8-10 1871

Destroying 18,000 buildings , killing nearly 300 people, and leaving 100,000 homeless.

DAMAGE

The "Burnt District," nearly four miles long and almost a mile wide, included most of the central business district and many residential areas

CHICAGO RISES FROM THE ASHES

Reconstruction began almost instantly after the fire. Giving the city a chance to start again. Between 1872 and 1879 more than ten thousand construction permits were issued. With reconstruction came the need for architects, and many responded.

.

CHICAGO SCHOOL1875-1910 response to the Chicago fire.

The school focused on mainly commercial buildings

Used modern technology to replace

load-bearing walls with steal frame construction

Also known for the modern skyscraper, as well as the

Chicago window

Concepts regarding light and space, as well as emphasis

on height . “

Form Follows Function”

William Le Baron Jenney

Louis Sullivan

Dankmar Adler

Frank Lloyd Wright

John Wellborn Root

Daniel Hudson Burnham

THE CHICAGO SCHOOL ARCHITECTS

Steal Frame

Terra-cotta

Elevators

Tube System

Large plate glass

NEW TECHNOLOGY

CHICAGO ARCHITECTURE

Beaux-Arts—a highly decorative style that copied the classical architecture of the Greeks and Romans

How does this Radical Architecture break away from European traditions and create a “Modern Style” that is

uniquely American?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Throughout the presentation ask yourself why architecture is more than just buildings? THINK DEEP

Try to witness how every part of a building serves its overall purpose, and how the buildings truly represent

the architects that created them?

How would changing the architecture of a city also change the society in the process?

GUIDING QUESTIONS

LOUIS SULLIVAN

Form Follows Function

The father of the

skyscraper

Showed nature

through architectu

re

ORNAMENTATION

ADLER AND SULLIVAN BUILDINGS

Jewelers building 1881

Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co 1898

Auditorium Building (1886-1890)

James Charnley House 1892

Overall Emotion

DetailsPurpose

FRANK LLOYD

Org

an

ic

original

UNIQUE

Prairie Style

Rad

icalInteresting

PRAIRIE STYLE

Usonian homes

Natural cooling and natural light

windows

Flat roofs, solar heating, and floor heating

Strong visual connection between the outside and the inside.

Stripped away all exterior ornamentation.

More window then wall

Known also as the Second Chicago School

Concept: Less is more-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Originated in Germany in 1930s. In Chicago it went from

the 1940s-1970s

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

(Illinois Institute of technology)

Fazlur Klan

(engineer, System of framed tubes)

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ARCHITECTS

SYSTEM OF FRAMED TUBES

DeWitt Chestnut Apartment Building 1963

John Hancock Prairie Style 1969