china

CHINA

Fig. 10-5a, p. 278

ARID CHINA Sparse

Population

Wet China Heavily

Populated

CHINA

4th Largest Area in World1st in Population

- CoastCoast- RiversRivers

Population

The One-Child Policy• urban parents required to have only one child• tax and education benefits restricted to first child only• rural families often given exemption• loss of girls through abortion (as many as 40 million)

Urban China 31% Urbanized 360 Million in

cities

Ethnic Groups

Chinese... Spoken Chinese

varies…Mandarin, Cantonese, etc.

Written Chinese is ideographic…

Characters rather than alphabet (click for details)

Language

Ancient Chinese Philosophy (6th Century B.C.)

Confucius Concerned with duty, ritual, order, morality, respect, and proper government

TaoismThe Tao in Tao de ChingLao-TsuConcerned with nature, harmony, flow, peace

Silk Road

Colonial

Spheres

Recent History

Republic of China 1911-1949 Nationalists Ruled– Chinese Presidents

Sun Yat-Sen Chiang Kai-Shek

1949, Lost Civil War– Fled to…

People’s Republic of China

1949-Present Communist… Mao Zedong

1949-1976

People’s Republic of China Great Leap Forward (1958-1962)

20-30 million starved as plows turned into industrial iron

Cultural Revolution (1958 – 1976)

Attempt to remove capitalist and colonial ideas and persons from power

Economic Liberalization Premier Deng Xiaoping (1977-1997) cracked

down on Tiananmen Square Protestors but publicly stated that “To get rich is glorious.”

Policy is called “Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.”

Special Economic Zones 5 established Foreign investment incentives…

– Low taxes– Easier import/export regulations– Simplified land leases

Open Cities 14 coastal cities… National investment focused on 4

China’sEconomi

cZones

Manchuria Northeast China X Cold Winter Forested Harbin

Russians… Japan 1931-45

Mines, Factories

North China

Hot, Rainy Summer Very Cold, Dry

Winter Winter Monsoon

North China Huang He

“Yellow River”–Silt Floods

North China Ancient Chinese

Civilization Xi’an…

Xi’an 1974 Discovery… Emperor Qin, 200 BC

North China Plain

Excellent Soil Farming Wheat Mandarin

Cuisine Noodles

Beijing 2nd Largest City… Chinese Capital for 1000 Years Forbidden City…

Beijing – Forbidden City

Beijing – Forbidden City

Great Wall

Great Wall 200 BC Built to hold

back MongolsFailed; Kublai

Kahn was great Mongol emperor

Great Wall

Great Wall

Chang Jiang “Yangtze River”

Deep Good for Shipping

ShanghaiLargest City…Colonial CapitalSeaport

The “Bund”

Shanghai Economic

Center

Chang Gorges

3 Gorges Dam on Yangtze River

Hydro Power = 18 nuclear plants

Massive Lake Displace

1,400,000

Figure 13-D, p. 365

South China Xi River

Xi (Hsi) River

Hot & Humid Rice

Double-Cropping

Food & Language…

Cantonese

Rice Harvest

Limestone Towers

Hong Kong Largest City, S. China

Hong Kong Harbor

Hong KongBritish ColonyDue to Opium War

British Vs. China, 1830sFought over access to trade and trade goods

Was returned to China in 1997

Tibet

Tibet High Plateau &

Mtns 15,000’ “Roof of the World” Cold, Dry Yaks

Tibetan Buddhism Lama Dalai Lama

God-King Communist Invasion

1950s Dalai Lama Fled

Xinjiang

Xinjiang Deserts & Mtns

People of Xinjiang

Muslim Silk Road Route Uighur Language related to Turkish

TAIWAN Chinese province…

Colonized by Japan - 1895-1945

Returned to China - WWII

Nationalist Government fled to Taiwan during Mao’s Revolution

Recognized as the “True China” by U.S. in 1947

Tension Remains

TAIWAN

"One Country, Two Systems".

TAIWAN - Economy Few Resources High-Tech Industries Very Developed

$17,400 per capita in Taiwan $ 3,600 in China