chiranjeevi ppt
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PRESENTED BY,
CHIRANJEEVI
07L31A0219
III/IV B.TECH, E.E.E
VIGNANS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION ANDTECHNOLOGY
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Over view;-
Purpose
Introduction
Places where hazardscan occur.
The Dangers
Prevention
Summary Conclusions
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Purpose
The purpose safety and prevention
Raising your awareness of electrical hazards
Instructing you on how to recognize electrical
hazards
Providing ways to eliminate, remove andprevent electrical hazards in the workplace
Emphasizing the extreme importance ofobserving all electrical safety requirements andpractices
Instructing you on what to do during anelectrical accident.
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Hazard: simply means DANGER
Electrical Hazard A dangerous
condition such that contact orequipment failure can result in
electric shock, arc-flash burn,thermal burn, or blast.
INTRODUCTION:-
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Why should you be concerned
aboutelectrical hazards?
Electricity has long been recognizedas a serious workplace hazard,exposing employees to electricshock, electrocution, burns, fires,and explosions.
Many people working in the field ofelectricity have lost their life orbadly injured, next it may be yourturn if you are not cautious.
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Just asecondofcontactoflive wire
canresultasthis
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Cont..
An average of one worker is electrocutedon the job every day
An average of one person is electrocuted
in the home every 36 hours Electrical incidents are far more likely to
be fatal than other types There are four main types of electrical
injuries:
Electrocution (death due to electrical shock) Electrical shock Burns Falls
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Received when current passesthrough the body
Severity of the shock depends
on:
Path of current through thebody
Amount of current flowingthrough the body
Length of time the body is inthe circuit
Electrical Shock
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How isanelectricalshock
received?
When two wires have different potentialdifferences (voltages), current will flow ifthey are connected together
In most household wiring, the black wires areat 230 volts relative to ground The white/red wires are at zero volts because
they are connected to ground
If you come into contact with anenergized (live) black wire, and you are
also in contact with the white groundedwire, current will pass through your bodyand YOU WILL RECEIVE A SHOCK
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How isanelectricalshock
received? (contd)
If you are in contact with an energized wireor any energized electrical component, andalso with any grounded object, YOU WILL
RECEIVE A SHOCK You can even receive a shock when you are
not in contact with a ground
If you contact both wires of a 240-voltcable, YOU WILL RECEIVE A SHOCK and
possibly be electrocuted
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Low Voltage Does Not MeanLow
Hazard
A small amount of electrical current cancause injury, even death
The current from a 7.5-watt, 120-voltlamp, passing across the chest, isenough to cause fatal electrocution
Deaths from 110 volts represent about 12percent of all electrocutions in the world
(rough data)
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Dry Conditions Human Skin is ResistantCurrent = Volts/Ohms = 120/100,000 = 1mA(0.001A)Barely perceptible level of current
Wet Conditions Skins Resistance dropsdramatically
Current = Volts/Ohms = 120/1,000 = 120mA(0.12A)
-Sufficient current to cause ventricular fibrillation
A low voltage electrocution becomes much morehazardous in a wet condition
High voltage electrical energy greatly reduces the body's resistance by quicklyHigh voltage electrical energy greatly reduces the body's resistance by quickly
breaking down human skin. Once the skin is punctured, the lowered resistancebreaking down human skin. Once the skin is punctured, the lowered resistance
results in massive current flow.results in massive current flow.
Human Skin & Resistance
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How Electric Current Affects the Body
Note: some smaller microwave ovens use 10.0 Amps (10,000 milliamps) and common
florescent lights use 1 Amp (1,000 milliamps)
Current
(Amps) Human Reaction
0.001 Perception level. Just a faint tingle.
0.005 Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing.Average individual can let go.
0.006-0.025(Women) Painful shock, muscular control is lost.
0.009-0.030 (Men) This is called the freezing current or "let-go"range.
0.050-0.150 Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe
muscular contractions.
1 - 4.3 Ventricular fibrillation.
10 Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probabledeath.
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Few photosofinjuriesduetoelectrical
shock-
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Places where hazards canoccur.
It can be at your home
Work place
Transmission lines Jumbled wires on a distribution line.
Sub stations
Transformers malfunctioning
and any place where there iselectricity there can b a hazard.
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Jaipur:
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New Delhi
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Vizag
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Hazard - OverheadPowerLines
Usually not insulated
Examples of equipment that cancontact power lines:
CraneLadderScissors liftRaised dump truck bedbore drill truck etc.
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Arc Flash Protection BoundaryArc Flash Protection Boundary
Voltage Boundary
up to 750V 3 feet
750V to 2kV 4 feet
2kV to 15kV 16 feet
15kV to 36kV 19 feet
over 36kV Must be Calculated
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RecognizetheHazards beforethey
happen
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Junction boxes, pull boxes and fittings musthave approved covers in place
Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and
fittings must be closed. Electrical equipment and wiring must not
be exposed to physical damage
Stay away from damaged equipment
Treat the electrical equipment as it isdesigned to be treated
Pull the plug, not the cord
RecognizetheHazard
Cabinets, Boxes,andFittings
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Do not fasten electrical cords to surfaceswith staples, nails, wire, or any othermethod that might damage the cord
Extension cords Place them in appropriate locations
Understand they are for temporary use only
Tool cords Keep track of them, to assure they do not
become damaged
Do not plug or unplug electrical cords withwet hands or while standing in water
SafePractices
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Do not remove/replace receptacle covers,switch plates, or covers of electricalequipment that may contain energized
conductors without electrical qualificationsand authorization
Only qualified electrical workers mayperform activities such as electrical
probing, measuring and testing electricalenergized components (such asperforming an absence of voltage test)
SafePractices
Qualifications
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BurjAlArab megastructure
World class mega
structure has the
world class solutionfor electrical hazard.
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Attempts to rescue an accident victimmay pose as great a hazard for therescuer as it does for the victim
A victim of an electrical accident isoften unable to move or release theelectrical conductor, because of muscleclamping
Caution should be a primaryconsideration during any electricalaccident or emergency
ElectricalEmergencies
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Never rush into an accident situation-Assess your ownsafety
Call for help as soon as possible
Unplug portable electrical equipment to remove power
(1st choice)
Open a disconnecting device or circuit breaker to de-energize fixed electrical equipment
Use a dry wood broom, leather belt, plastic rope, orsomething similar that is non-conductive such as woodor plastic cane with hook on the end to free the personfrom the energy source
ElectricalEmergencies
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Inspect your work areas Existing unsafe conditions
- Bare wires
- Open enclosures containing exposed wires- Loose or missing covers or fasteners
- Use good electrical safe practices- No overloading outlets
- Pull on plug, not cord
- When unsafe electrical conditions are found,correct them if possible, or take steps to warnothers.
What youmustdo Now?
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Summary Hazards & Protections
Hazards
Inadequate wiring
Exposed electrical parts
Wires with bad insulation Ungrounded electrical systems and tools
Overloaded circuits
Damaged power tools and equipment
Using the wrong tools
Overhead power lines All hazards are made worse in wet conditions
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Summary -
Protective Measures
Proper grounding
Use proper tools
Use fuses and circuit breakers
Guard live parts
Lock out
Proper use of flexible cords
Close electric panels
Training/knowledge of hazards
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Electricalsafety equipments
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Electricity is like a double edgeknife, use it carefully to live a better
life, a small carelessness can causeheavy unrepayable damage.
Electrical hazard can only be
prevented, it cannot be cured.
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ANY
QUERIES??
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