chp 16: human geography of russia & the republics

Chp 16: Human Chp 16: Human Geography of Russia & Geography of Russia &

the Republicsthe Republics

In class assignment…place in In class assignment…place in portfolioportfolio

Create an ILLUSTRATED timeline of Create an ILLUSTRATED timeline of the leadership transitions of Russiathe leadership transitions of Russia

Take Five…Take Five…

Why would Russia naturally be Why would Russia naturally be protected from invasion? protected from invasion?

When you think of Russia, what types When you think of Russia, what types of people do you think of? European? of people do you think of? European? Indian? Slavic? Jewish?Indian? Slavic? Jewish?

What is a czar/tsar? What is a czar/tsar?

Russia and the Western RepublicsRussia and the Western Republics

800s AD Vikings establish trade and 800s AD Vikings establish trade and KievKiev

1200s AD Tatars from Mongolia 1200s AD Tatars from Mongolia invade and sacked Kievinvade and sacked Kiev

1500s Ivan the Great takes control of 1500s Ivan the Great takes control of Russia--ends foreign ruleRussia--ends foreign rule

Focus on expansion/conquestFocus on expansion/conquest Expansion of ethnic groups, Expansion of ethnic groups,

languages, customs and religionslanguages, customs and religions

MongolsMongols

Ivan the GreatIvan the GreatIvan the Terrible…Ivan the Terrible…

St. Basil’s Cathedral 1561St. Basil’s Cathedral 1561 Built to Built to

commemorate the commemorate the military conquest military conquest of Ivan the Great of Ivan the Great against the Tatarsagainst the Tatars

Ivan the Terrible Ivan the Terrible had the architects had the architects eyes removed after eyes removed after the completion of the completion of the cathedralthe cathedral

Take Five…Take Five…

Complete the Skill Builder questions Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 362on pg 362

Russia leadershipRussia leadership

Romanov family takes control of the Romanov family takes control of the throne 1613throne 1613

MichaelMichael

Romanov Romanov

1613-16451613-1645

Peter the Great 1682-1725Peter the Great 1682-1725

Moved the capital from Moscow to St. Moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg on the Baltic SeaPetersburg on the Baltic Sea

Spread westernizationSpread westernization Opened up Russia to Opened up Russia to

new schools, new schools,

philosophy, free press,philosophy, free press,

court system etc.court system etc.

Catherine the Great 1762-1796Catherine the Great 1762-1796

Nicholas IINicholas II

WWIWWI Russian revolutionRussian revolution Bolsheviks take Bolsheviks take

controlcontrol LeninLenin

Rasputin Rasputin

Advisor to the Czar Advisor to the Czar and Czarinaand Czarina

Medical expert to Medical expert to Czar’s son-AlexisCzar’s son-Alexis

End of the Czars End of the Czars

Vladamir Illych LeninVladamir Illych Lenin

The Beginnings of Communism The Beginnings of Communism

Command economyCommand economy Collective farmsCollective farms The Cold WarThe Cold War

Josef Stalin, WWII & The Cold WarJosef Stalin, WWII & The Cold War

Expansion during Expansion during

WWIIWWII

A reluctant allyA reluctant ally

Conquest of EasternConquest of Eastern

EuropeanEuropean

SuperpowerSuperpower

Spreading Spreading communismcommunism

Fall of the U.S.S.R.Fall of the U.S.S.R.

1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall 1991 Fall of the U.S.S.R.1991 Fall of the U.S.S.R. Dismantling of formerDismantling of former

Republics—Republics—

ethnic conflictsethnic conflicts

15 independent republics15 independent republics

Take Five…Take Five…

What is a dacha & a banya? What is a dacha & a banya?

Russian LifestylesRussian Lifestyles

30% agricultural30% agricultural Urban cities (Moscow & St. Urban cities (Moscow & St.

Petersburg) similar to Western citiesPetersburg) similar to Western cities Dachas—weekend homes Dachas—weekend homes Banya—bathhouse ritualsBanya—bathhouse rituals

DachaDacha

BanyaBanya

Disaster…ChernobylDisaster…Chernobyl

In Class Assignment…In Class Assignment…

• Read pgs 368-369Read pgs 368-369• Summarize the events of Chernobyl Summarize the events of Chernobyl • Summarize the effects of Chernobyl Summarize the effects of Chernobyl

Lasting Chernobyl EffectsLasting Chernobyl Effects

Chp 16 Section 2: TranscaucasiaChp 16 Section 2: Transcaucasia

Republics: Armenia, Georgia & Republics: Armenia, Georgia & Azerbaijan Azerbaijan

Gateway between Europe & AsiaGateway between Europe & Asia– Trade routes—Black Sea regionTrade routes—Black Sea region– Languages Languages

Indo-European, Caucasian & Altaic Indo-European, Caucasian & Altaic

– Customs, cultures and religionsCustoms, cultures and religionsChristian & IslamChristian & IslamConflict over territory and ethnicity Conflict over territory and ethnicity

Invasion and conquestInvasion and conquest

Russia 1500s Russia 1500s Peter the Great takes Baku Peter the Great takes Baku

(Azerbaijan’s capital) in 1723(Azerbaijan’s capital) in 1723 Russia annexs Georgia 1801Russia annexs Georgia 1801 1828 Russia takes Armenia 1828 Russia takes Armenia Transcauasian independence 1917Transcauasian independence 1917 1920’s Red Army (U.S.S.R.) takes 1920’s Red Army (U.S.S.R.) takes

control until 1991control until 1991

Economy of Transcauasia Economy of Transcauasia

Under Soviet control-command Under Soviet control-command economy and collective farmseconomy and collective farms

Agriculture—tea & fruitsAgriculture—tea & fruits– Grapes/wine in GeorgiaGrapes/wine in Georgia

OilOil– Azerbaijan= “land of flames”Azerbaijan= “land of flames”– Pipelines across Georgia and ArmeniaPipelines across Georgia and Armenia

TourismTourism

Take Five…Take Five…

Complete the Skill Builder questions Complete the Skill Builder questions on pg 373on pg 373

Dividing the Caspian SeaDividing the Caspian Sea

Sea or Lake?Sea or Lake? As a sea 5 countries claim rights to As a sea 5 countries claim rights to

resources on its bordersresources on its borders As a lake, 5 countries must share As a lake, 5 countries must share

resources equallyresources equally

Modern Day Transcaucasia Modern Day Transcaucasia

PovertyPoverty– Wide gaps between wealthy and poorWide gaps between wealthy and poor

EducationEducation– 99% literacy rates under communist rule99% literacy rates under communist rule

Maintaining Traditional valuesMaintaining Traditional values– SupraSupra– The role of the toastThe role of the toast

SupraSupra

Chp 16 Section 3: Central AsiaChp 16 Section 3: Central Asia

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan & UzbekistanTurkmenistan & Uzbekistan

Trade route between China and the Trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea (100 B.C.-1300s)Mediterranean Sea (100 B.C.-1300s)– Caravan tradersCaravan traders– Silk RoadSilk Road

In Class Assignment…In Class Assignment…

Read “Silk Production” on pg 376 and Read “Silk Production” on pg 376 and make a flow chart of silk productionmake a flow chart of silk production

The Silk RoadThe Silk Road

Wally Points…Wally Points…

What is the “Great Game”?What is the “Great Game”?

Imperialism Imperialism

Great Britain and Russia vie for Great Britain and Russia vie for controlcontrol

The Great GameThe Great Game– Russia wins (1800s)Russia wins (1800s)– U.S.S.R. gains control of the region in U.S.S.R. gains control of the region in

the 1920s-1991the 1920s-1991

EconomyEconomy

Nuclear testingNuclear testing– ““the Polygon” of Kazakhstan the Polygon” of Kazakhstan – Effects of exposureEffects of exposure

Petroleum Petroleum – Oil and gas reserves along the Caspian Oil and gas reserves along the Caspian

SeaSea– Oil fields in Kazakhstan and Oil fields in Kazakhstan and

TurkmenistanTurkmenistanThe “new” Great GameThe “new” Great Game

EthnicitiesEthnicities

U.S.S.R. exploited different U.S.S.R. exploited different ethniciitiesethniciities

Redrawing bordersRedrawing borders Uzbeks = largest ethnic groupUzbeks = largest ethnic group Languages = Russian and TurkishLanguages = Russian and Turkish Religion = IslamReligion = Islam

Maintaining TraditionsMaintaining Traditions

Nomadic peoplesNomadic peoples– YurtsYurts– Tourism Tourism

YurtsYurts

Take Five…Take Five…

What is the major issue in Russia and What is the major issue in Russia and the Russian republics after 1991?the Russian republics after 1991?

Chp 17: Today’s IssuesChp 17: Today’s Issues

Regional conflictRegional conflict– After breakup of the U.S.S.R. conflict over After breakup of the U.S.S.R. conflict over

territory, ethnic superiority and powerterritory, ethnic superiority and power– Instable governmentsInstable governments– Independence based on ethnicityIndependence based on ethnicity

Ex: Chechnya & Russia (1994-1996)Ex: Chechnya & Russia (1994-1996) Russia invades 2Russia invades 2ndnd time (1999-2001) time (1999-2001) Ethnic rivalry in GeorgiaEthnic rivalry in Georgia Nagorno-Karabakh (fighting between Armenia & Nagorno-Karabakh (fighting between Armenia &

Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan) – RefugeesRefugees– CostCost– DeathDeath

Wally points…Wally points…

Do you think that diplomacy will work Do you think that diplomacy will work in this reason? Why or why not?in this reason? Why or why not?

Section 2: The Struggle for Section 2: The Struggle for Economic ReformEconomic Reform

After 1991 shifting from command to After 1991 shifting from command to capitalist economiescapitalist economies

Lifting price controls 1992Lifting price controls 1992 Inflation—250%Inflation—250% PrivatizationPrivatization VouchersVouchers Failure of the voucher system 1998 crashFailure of the voucher system 1998 crash 40% impoverished40% impoverished

Threats to the new capitalist Threats to the new capitalist systemsystem

Organized crimeOrganized crime– The Russian mafia The Russian mafia – 40% of private co.40% of private co.– 60% of state-owned enterprises60% of state-owned enterprises– Avoiding taxesAvoiding taxes

Distance decay= 11 time zones, 89 Distance decay= 11 time zones, 89 regional governments, weak “central” regional governments, weak “central” government (Moscow)government (Moscow)

Vladimire Putin Vladimire Putin 2000 7 federal districts with governor-2000 7 federal districts with governor-

generalsgenerals

In Class AssignmentIn Class Assignment

Look at the charts and graphs on pg Look at the charts and graphs on pg 391 and answer the questions391 and answer the questions

Wally Points…Wally Points…

What happened to all of the What happened to all of the U.S.S.R.’s nuclear weapons after U.S.S.R.’s nuclear weapons after 1991?1991?