chris greacen “energy is a human right”: renewable energy on the thai/burma border energy and...

Chris Greacen

“Energy is a human right”: Renewable energy on the Thai/Burma border

Energy and Development Workshop

Monterey Institute of International StudiesIrvine Auditorium, McCone Hall

May 7, 2010

Outline

• Thailand– Micro-hydropower– Solar home systems maintenance & repair– Refugee camp renewable energy trainings

• Burma– Solar electricity for medical clinics, etc., in

Karen-controlled Burma

•Started 2005

•provides hands-on appropriate technology support …

•to village innovators in ethnic minority areas on both sides of the Thai/Burma border

•Conflict area

•Little/no rural electrification

•Joint effort:•Karen Network for Culture & Environment (Thailand)

•TOPS (Taiwan),

•Palang Thai (Thailand),

•Green Empowerment (USA)

•Sun EPI (USA)

“Energy is a human right.”

Our goal:

Improve access to clean energy to improve quality of life

Thailand Projects

Micro-hydroelectricity

Source: Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook.

Inversin, A. R. (1986). Micro-Hydropower Sourcebook

Village & Year Turbine Generator Electronic Load Control Capacity

Kre Khi village 2003 Chinese turgo Permanent magnet (PM)

None 500 W

E Wi Jo 2004 Crossflow Synchronous None 1 kW

Mae Sa Pau 2005 Chinese turgo PM None (Nepali ELC) 1 kW

Huai Krating 2006 Pump as turbine Induction Nepali ELC 3 kW

Mor Hti Tha 2007 Chinese turgo PM None 1.5 kW

Mae Klang Luang 2007 Vietnamese propeller

PM Vietnam ELC 200 W

Mae Wei 2008 Pump as turbine Induction Thai ELC 3 kW

Mae Klang Luang 2008 Chinese turgo PM None 1.5 kW

Surin 2008 Chinese turgo PM Thai ELC 1.5 kW

Surin 2008 Vietnamese propeller

PM Thai ELC 200 W

Betong 2008 Pelton Induction Thai ELC 1 kW

Kre Khi rebuild 2009 Pump as turbine Induction Thai ELC 1 Kw

E Wi Jo rebuild 2010 Pump as turbine Induction Thai ELC 3 kW

Mae Rim monastery Chinese turgo PM Nepali ELC 2 Kw

Our community micro-hydro projects in Thailand

Kre Khi village, Tak provinceAbout 500 W for school, clinic, Buddhist temple

2010 -- E Wi Jo, Tak province3 kW Pump-as-turbine

Micro-hydro Video: Mae Wei Village, Feb. 2008

Mae Klang Luang, Chaing Mai200 watts$120 (turbine: $90)Installed: 2007Head: 1.7 meters

Border Green Energy Team

Needed: maintenance & repair trainings for > 14,000 Thai solar home systems

Thai government solar home program

203,000 solar home systemsUS$200 millionNo maintenance plan23% failure rate within 20 months

Thai SHS in Tak province

DEEP CY CLEEBB 125

3K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

3KDEEP CY CLE

EBB 1253K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

3KDEEP CY CLE

EBB 1253K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

3KDEEP CY CLE

EBB 1253K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

3KDEEP CY CLE

EBB 1253K THAI STORAGE BATTERY PUBLIC COMPANY LIMITED

3K

SH-1210M

เครื่��องควบคมการื่ปรื่ะจุแบตเตอรื่��และแปลงกรื่ะแสไ ฟฟ�าส�า หรื่�บรื่ะบบพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ตย์!

เป"ด / ป"ดปล�$กไ ฟฟ�ากรื่ะแสสล�บ220 โ วลต์� 50 เฮิ�รต์ซ์�

แบต์เต์อร�� แผงร�บพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ต์ย์�

ไ ฟฟ�ากระแสสล�บ220 โ วลต์� 50 เฮิ�รต์ซ์�

FORTHSOLAR PRODUCT

สาย์ดิ�น

NL

แผงพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ตย์!

ปานกลาง

ต��า

โหลด / เก�นพ�ก�ดโหลด

เต'ม

สภาวะการื่ทิ�า งาน

สภาวะแบตเตอรื่��

ปรื่ะจุแบตเตอรื่��

SH-1210M

เครื่��องควบคมการื่ปรื่ะจุแบตเตอรื่��และแปลงกรื่ะแสไ ฟฟ�าส�า หรื่�บรื่ะบบพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ตย์!

เป"ด / ป"ดปล�$กไ ฟฟ�ากรื่ะแสสล�บ220 โ วลต์� 50 เฮิ�รต์ซ์�

แบต์เต์อร�� แผงร�บพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ต์ย์�

ไ ฟฟ�ากระแสสล�บ220 โ วลต์� 50 เฮิ�รต์ซ์�

FORTHSOLAR PRODUCT

FORTHFORTHSOLAR PRODUCT

สาย์ดิ�น

NL

แผงพล�งงานแสงอาทิ�ตย์!

ปานกลาง

ต��า

โหลด / เก�นพ�ก�ดโหลด

เต'ม

สภาวะการื่ทิ�า งาน

สภาวะแบตเตอรื่��

ปรื่ะจุแบตเตอรื่��

ปานกลาง

ต��า

โหลด / เก�นพ�ก�ดโหลด

เต'ม

สภาวะการื่ทิ�า งาน

สภาวะแบตเตอรื่��

ปรื่ะจุแบตเตอรื่��

HaCo

HaCo

10A

~ON

HaCo

HaCo

10A

~~ON

Rated 120 peak Watt single crystalline PV

module

Rated 150 W, 50 Hz, 230 V Inverter / 10 A Charge controller

12 V, 125 Ah deep cycle lead-acid

battery

Two 10 W tube fluorescent

lights with electronic ballasts

AC outlet for TV or other appliances

Ministry of Interior

PEA

Installation company

End users

$

$

SHS

Existing linkages

warranty

Tax payers

$

Ministry of Interior

PEA

Installation company

End users

$

$

SHS

Missing linkages

warranty

What happens when systems fail? There is no feedback loop from the end users to

installation company, PEA, government or taxpayers

Tax payers

$

Warranty awareness Self-help: local technicians

+ user training

Ministry of Interior

PEA

Installation company

End users

$

$

SHS

Missing linkages

warranty

Tax payers

$

Feedback on status of systems, failure

modes, successful interventions

Thailand SHS Training

BGET SHS trainings in Tak province

Trainings already performed in ten TambonsTambon District Date of

training# of SHS

# of technicians

Mae Tan Tha Song Yang

October 2005 964 16

Mae Song Tha Song Yang

October 2005 1,728 29

Mae Wa Luang

Tha Song Yang

November 2005

778 39

Mae La Tha Song Yang

December 2005

847 30

Mae Cha Rao, Phra Tart

Mae RamatDecember 2005

250 19

Tha Song Yang

Tha Song Yang

February 2006 571 25

Sam Meun Mae Ramat March 2006 642 19

Mae U Su Tha Song Yang

May 2006 1,065 19

Mae Tuen Mae Ramat June 2006 1,443 28

TOTAL 8,288 224

BGET SHS trainings in Tak province

Border Green Energy Team

Refugee camp trainings

History of ESP• Started 2003 by Saw

Loh Doh, first Principal

• ZOA Refugee Care supported since 2005

• Provide essential engineering skills for Karen youth

• Encourage self-reliance

Solar PVMicro-hydroHydraulic ram pumpSolar cookingBiogas

Hydraulic Ram Pumping

Biogas from Animal Manure

Solar/diesel hybrid systems for computer training centers in 7

refugee camps

ESP students apply engineering skills to implement community development work…

Border Green Energy Team

Solar electricity for >50 medical clinics for internally displaced inside Burma

Up to 2 million “Internally Displaced People” (IDP) in Burma

Ruggedized solar electric systems built by medics in 3-5 day hands-on trainings

• 10 trainings (2003-2010)• >90 medics trained• >50 clinics• 5 vaccine refrigerators

Clinic Conditions

Solar Equipment & Training

Solar Systems for FBR Training Facility:Medical and Human Rights/Leadership

Walt RattermanBGET co-founder +++

www.sunepi.org

Chris Greacen

chris@palangthai.org

www.palangthai.org

Salinee Tavaranan (BGET director)

salinie@gmail.com

www.bget.org

BGET’s Next Steps…

• 3rd year Appropriate Tech classes for ESP

• Thai SHS repair pilot projects

• Demonstration/Learning Center

• Orphanage Project