christianity. important elements one god but exists in the trinity: god the father god the son (god...
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Christianity
Important Elements• One God but exists in the Trinity:• God the Father• God the Son (God taking human form)• The Holy Spirit (the actions of believers)
• Christians worship in churches.• Spiritual leaders are called priests or ministers.• The Bible combining the Old Testament (mostly made up of
the Jewish Torah) and the New Testament following the teachings of Jesus
• Important days:• Easter – the celebration of Jesus dying on the cross and rebirth• Christmas – the celebration of Jesus’ birth
Important Elements• Justification by faith (belief in Jesus as the Son of God, his
death, and his resurrection will give a right relationship with God)
• Forgiveness• Trinity• Life after death – Heaven• Saints (Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions primarily)• Prayer – speaking to God
Jesus• Believed by Christians to be • the Messiah promised in the Old
Testament (Judaism’s Torah)• the Son of God• sent to earth by God to save
humanity from their sins• Gave his life on the Cross (the
Crucifixion) and rose from the dead on the third day (Resurrection)
• Teachings summarized as the love of God and the love of one’s neighbour
Mary• Seen as the mother of God by
some Christian groups
The Church• God’s body on earth –
where the Holy Spirit manifests
• Nurtures faith on earth• Where Christians are
brought together into one body through the Eucharist
Holy Places• Jerusalem• Nazareth• Bethlehem
Baptism• A commitment to the
teachings of Jesus• Often done at birth;
sometimes done to adults
Eucharist• Greek word for thanksgiving• AKA Communion• Celebration of Jesus’ final meal with his disciples before his
death (the Last Supper)• Bread and wine• Bread represents Jesus’ body• Wine represents Jesus’ blood
The Trinity• God• Only one ~ Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit• Everywhere• Created the universe• Intervenes in the universe• Loves all unconditionally• Gets to know humans through human prayer, worship, love, and
mystical experiences
The Trinity• God the Son• Lived on earth as Jesus• Both wholly God and wholly human• Born to a human woman, Mary, but conceived of the Holy Spirit• Subject to pain, suffering, and sorrow like other humans• Executed by Crucifixion• Rose from the dead at the Resurrection• Jesus provides a perfect example of how God wants humans to
live• Died on the Cross so that people who believe in him will be
forgiven for their sins
The Trinity• The Holy Spirit• After Resurrection, Jesus remained on earth only for a few days
before going to Heaven• Fulfillment of Jesus’ promise that he would stay with his followers
to guide them• Continues to guide, comfort, and encourage Christians
Crucifixion
Resurrection
The Crusades• A series of wars that took place in the Middle Ages between
Christians and Muslims over the Holy Lands• Christians believed that the Holy Lands were rightfully theirs
despite hundreds of years or more of Muslims peacefully living on these same lands
Relics• An object, particularly a piece of a body (bone, blood, etc) or
item used by someone of religious importance• Many Christian groups believe that relics hold significant
powers and can heal people of certain ailments
The Skull of St Yves
Martin Luther• Important early figure in Christian
reform: the Protestant Reformation• Disputed idea that freedom from
God’s punishment for sin could be purchased with money
• Ninety-Five Theses (1517)• Excommunication (1521)• Salvation and eternity in heaven
comes not from good deeds but received as a gift of God’s grace and faith in Jesus as the redeemer of sin
John Calvin• Institutes of the Christian
Religion (1536)• Focused on the idea of
predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul from death and damnation
Henry VIII• King of England (1509-1547)• One of the leaders of a reform
movement against the Church in Rome: The English Reformation
• Henry’s role in the English Reformation was more political than theological:• Henry desired annulment of his
marriage• Henry was tired of paying taxes to
Rome• Henry was tired of the Pope having final
say over the appointment of bishops• Believer of the core Catholic teachings
Catholic
• Scripture and tradition• Pope speaks for God• Salvation through 7
sacraments• Believe in purgatory
Protestant
• Just scripture• No human can speak for
God• Faith alone will provide
salvation• No purgatory• Split off in 1500s
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