chrperspinsci dornbos foodfaith 20141003
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Food x FaithConsumptive Choices Could Solve TWOBig Global Problems AND Save Money
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AND Save Money?
Ever see a coupon you didnt like?
Can you go out to eat without an
inducement?
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Two Big Global Problems
1. Environmental degradation
2. Global food security
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Food x Faith
Premises
Environmental impacts of food are huge
Christians strive to live faithfullyAll Christians make food choices, which
confer environment & health implications
Reformed perspective, every square inch
[Genesis 1 & Revelation 21]
Genesis 2:15 to serve and protect
Genesis 3 the fall
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Thesis Statement
Reformed Christians, in the practice ofour faith, should adopt a whole food
plants-based diet to better serve,protect and restore Nature at globalscale, including our own bodies as
temples, all the creatures now andthose to be.
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Environmental
DegradationThe first big problem.
Psalm 8:3 When I consider your heavens, the work
of your fingersPsalm 19:1b the skies proclaim his handiwork
Deut. 10:14 To the LORD your God belong theheavens, even the highest heavens, the earth and
everything in it.
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Creation Care
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Problem - Creation Care
Doesnt appear to sell well
Strengths
Plaster Creek stewards Sustainability buzz
Weaknesses
Its all about jobs, economy ~half U.S. GCC skeptical
Oblivion on where food comes from
Faith community? Celebrates Creation
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Grand River @ Grand Haven:
Sediment Load
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Science, Sustainability, and the
Human Prospect (Raven, Science - 2001) 3M MT of pesticide active ingredients annually
More nitrogen fixed with fossil fuel than natural
66% of fisheries harvested faster than renewed 20% of topsoil, 1/3 forests lost in last 50 years
Extinction rate 100 - 1000X geological baseline
1.2% of agricultural land base developed
annually (like ~35-40% of U.S. land base) 45% of net primary productivity used by
humans
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Ecological Report Card(Worldwatch Institute, 2001)
Agroecosystems (17% ofterrestrial surface)
Food production capacity is
GOOD All agroecosystem services
are currently FAIR-POOR
Future agroecosystemgoods and services to
decline
Other ecosystemsheavily impacted by foodproduction practice
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Global Food SecurityThe second big problem.Gen. 1:22, 1:28 multiply and fill the earth
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The World Food ProblemB.D. Singh (India, visiting Texas A&M; ASA, Nov 3 2013)
1. Growing population
2. Emerging climate change
3. Stagnant productivity gains for 20 years4. Environmental pollution, low soil fertility
5. Increased pesticide and fertilizer use
6. Lack of new arable land
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Thomas Malthus Two Postulata, 1798http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/malthus/malthus.0.html
First, that food is necessary to theexistence of man.
Secondly, that the passion betweenthe sexes is necessary and will
remain nearly in its present state.
Interpretation?
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Powerful Predictions
(Assuming my postulata , I say, that thepower of popu lat ionis indefinitely greater thanthe power in the earth to produce subsistencefor man.)
Population, when unchecked, increases in aexponential ratio.
Subsistence increases only in an arithmeticalratio.
(A slight acquaintance with numbers will showthe immensity of the first power in comparisonof the second.)
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Growing Human Population
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Yield Increases
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When More People, Less
Grain/Person
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Emerging Climate Change (NOAA)For every 1C increase in air temperature, crop productivity declines 10%.
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Metaphorical Easter Island?(Jared Diamond, Collapse)
Discovered 900 AD Isolated: 2300 mi from
Chile
Statues: ahu & moai implyadvanced civilization Population crashed from
30K to 111 Lost capacity for
agriculture, fishing, forestry Causes of collapse:
deforestation,overpopulation, erosion,out of touch elite
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Forget quaint notions of sustainability Historypredicts we wont survive (Jared Diamond, ASA Meeting)
Of the 12 problems that plagued pastcivilizations, 10 are central to agronomy, top 5 -
Deforestation
Soil erosion
Climate change
Access to energy
Human population Understanding the problem is one thing, how
we respond is quite another
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Two Proposed
Approaches2 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter theland I am going to give you, the land itself must observe asabbath to the LORD. 3 For six years sow your fields, and for six
years prune your vineyards and gather their crops.4
But in theseventh year the land is to have a year of sabbath rest, a
sabbath to the LORD. Do not sow your fields or prune yourvineyards. 5 Do not reap what grows of itself or harvest thegrapes of your untended vines. The land is to have a year ofrest. (Lev. 25:2-5 and Lev. 23:39, Lev. 26:34-35)
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Intensify Industrial Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture integrates threemain goals: environmental stewardship, farmprofitability, and prosperous farming
communities. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture)
Essentially, SA is the industrialized approachwith attempts to reduce systemic problems of
monocultures: Reduce pesticide use
Reduce soil erosion
Increase soil organic matter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewardshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_(accounting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_(accounting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewardshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment -
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Agroecology: Defined as the application ofecological concepts and principles to thedesign and management of sustainable
agroecosystems (Gleissman, 1998) Used imprecisely as a
Collection of practices: polyculture, organic
Theoretical movement toward an alternative food
system Emergent qualities of ecosystems: energy
flow, nutrient cycling, populationregulation/biodiversity
Build a New Food System Model
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Nutrition TransitionDo you not know that your bodies are templesof the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you
have received from God? You are not yourown; you were bought at a price. Thereforehonor God with your bodies. (I Cor. 6:19-20)
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Global Nutrition Transition:
As people get wealthier they eat more
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U.S. Consumption Choices
( 1970 => 2000) Calorie intake +24.5%
Refined grains +9.5 pct pts (45%increase)
Fats and oils +9.0 (66% increase) Sugars +4.7
Fruits and veggies +1
Dairy and eggs -1.5
+57 lb meat, -33% eggs
Eating out 32% of food consumed
From 46% overweight in 1980 to
62% in 2000
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1985(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1990(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1995(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2000(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2001(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2003(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2004(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2005(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2006(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2007(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2008(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2009(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2010(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5 4 person)
No Data
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More (Calorie Rich) Food
[not the same as nutrient rich!]
M. Nestle, EatingMade Simple (Sci Am)
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Healthcare Efficacy2 Some men brought to him a paralyzed man, lying on amat. When Jesus saw their faith, he said to theman, Take heart, son; your sins are forgiven. (Matt 9:2)
Jesus healed many who had various diseases. He alsodrove out many demons (Mark 1:34)
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World-class, Expensive
Miss directed? Should we treat
Symptoms
Causes Two types of disease (just like acute and chronic hunger)
Infectious virus, bacterial, protozoan
Chronic CHD Hypertension
Many cancers (colon, breast, prostate, )
Diabetes II
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Epidemiological Transition is a CONSEQUENCEof Nutrition Transition (Infectious to Chronic)
Developed Country
Infectious diseasedeaths are negligible
Predominant diseases Coronary heart
disease High blood pressure Diabetes II Cancer
Developing Country
~50% deaths due toinfectious disease
Predominant diseases Respiratory/parasites
(16M) Tuberculosis (3M) Malaria (2M) STDs (AIDS, 1.5M) Hepatitis B (1M) Dengue, Ebola (0.5)
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Disease Incidence
Cause Developed Developing
1990 2020 1990 2020
Infectious 7.8 4.3 48.7 22.2
Cardiovasculardisease
20.4 22 8.3 13.8
Coronary heartdisease
9.9 11.2 2.5 5.2
Stroke 5.9 6.2 2.4 4.2
Diabetes 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.7
Cancer 13.7 16.8 4 9
Neuropsychiatricdisorders
22 21.8 9 13.7
Injuries 14.5 13 15.2 21.1http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html -
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Executive Office of the PresidentCouncil of Economic Advisers, June 2009
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdf
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdfhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdfhttp://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/CEA_Health_Care_Report.pdf -
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U.S. Healthcare Spend:2013 Per Capita and GDP %
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U.S. Healthcare Cost-Benefit
http://ucatlas.ucsc.edu/spend.php
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What could (should?)
a sustainable foodsystem look like?
14
if my people, who are called by my name, willhumble themselves and pray and seek myface and turn from their wicked ways, then I willhear from heaven, and I will forgive their sin andwill heal their land. (II Chron. 7:14)
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Let food be thymedicine
Hippocrates
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Few Nurses Lived Healthy (3.1%)Healthy Living Reduced Coronary Events 82%
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Animal Fat Consumption is Correlated
with Breast and Prostate Cancer
Carroll, K. K. (1975) Experimental evidenceof dietary factors and hormone-dependent
cancers. Cancer Res 35:3374-3383.
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The China StudyWestern v. Traditional Chinese Diet
Study Metrics >50 diseases 65 counties 130 villages
50 adults pervillage
Blood, urine,food, histories
1983-1984 367correlations
Campbell et al., 1998 Diet, Lifestyle, and the Etiology of Coronary ArteryDisease: The Cornell China Study (Am. J. Cardiology)
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Diet Alone Can Reverse CHD
18 individuals, 49infarctions
Aggressive plant-based diet
12 year duration Reduced cholesterol No recurrent coronary
events, 75% with regression
Angiogram: 44 yr. oldcardiologist 32 mos. No cholesterol drugs From 156 (97 LDL) mg/dL cholesterol to 89
mg/dL (38 LDL)(Esselstyn. 2001. Resolving the Coronary Artery disease Epidemic Through Plant-Based NutritionPreventive Cardiology 171-177)
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Diet + Statins
Nutritional, population, and interventional studiessupport the effectiveness of a plant-based diet andaggressive lipid-lowering to arrest, prevent, and
selectively reverse heart disease.
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Challenge the
MessengersInfluencer motives: Food processors, Dairy/grainproducers associations, Pharmaceutical companies
II Timothy 4:3For the time will come when people will not put up with sounddoctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gatheraround them a great number of teachers to say whattheir itching ears want to hear.
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Marketing Ethics v. Buyer BewareAre ED drugs (e.g., Viagra) ethical?
http://www.usda.gov/factbook/chapter2.pdf
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1. Forks over Knives whole foodsplant-based diet
2. King Corn farm subsidies,processed food and cheap meat
3. Michael Pollan
Eat Food Mostly Plants
Not Too Much
Other Messengers
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Better (Best) Messenger?
The church on Nature (Creation)
Biblical truths speak to glory of Nature, itsbrokenness, our responsibility, and what will be!
Genesis
Leviticus
Job
Psalms I Corinthians
II Timothy
Revelation
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Food x Faith: Consumptive Choices Could SolveTWO Big Global Problems AND Save Money
If We ate a WFPBD with less processed foods and meat
We reward efficiencies other than calories/hour of labor
Then We can reduce grains used for meat production
We can reduce monocultures in favor of polycultures
And
Our health will improve, reducing healthcare cost Yields will increase, providing theoretical food security
for a growing global population and 40% of currentagricultural land for restoration
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If Less Meat, Improved GlobalFood Security
J.D. Singh (India) global food requirement! (from avegetarian Hindu) Individual diet: 2600 cal/day/person ~ 1000
kg/year/person
Cereals: 2400 cal/day/person Pulses and oilseeds: 200 cal/day/person
Global today: 7.2 B MT/year Global 2050: 9.5 B MT/year, 26% increase, or 0.7%
increase in productivity per year
Each step up in trophic level results in food energyinefficiency (assuming CAFO efficiency) 1 calorie of beef => 8 calories feed (corn, soy) 1 calorie of pork => 4 calories 1 calorie of poultry/fish => 2 calories
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If Polycultures, More Quality Calories/m2 &Improved Environmental Health
Food production capacity (U.S.) could ~2X
Tilman et al., +238% (16 spp. grass, legumes,
forbs) Shaeffer et al., +28% (8 spp.)
Picasso et al., +73% (2-6 spp.)
Reduce many environmental problems byimproving efficiencies: N, fossil fuel,
Problem . Labor!!! (anyone need a job?)
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If Less Meat and Processed Food,
Improved Env. & Human Health Food, Livestock Production, Energy,Climate Change and Health (Lancet 370:1253-1263, 2007)
Food production - 35% GHG emissions
Meat production, esp. beef, >50% of foodemissions
Recommend contraction and convergencepolicy for meat consumption 90 g/p/day
Save $
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And Save Money
$2.8T spent in U.S. during 2012 onhealthcare (https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-
Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdf)
75% of healthcare costs due to chronicdisease(http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htm )
Or, up to $2.1T is at play annually! delayed return, but seriously?
https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/chronic.htmhttps://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/highlights.pdf -
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Conclusion
Reformed Christians should be selfmotivated to live within Gods will by
adopting a WFPBD plants-based diet totreat our body as the Spirits temple,thereby enhancing future global foodsecurity, improving environmentalhealth, and modeling a moreappropriate life style with the globalcommunity. (and save $)
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