circulatory system principles of health science mr. robert
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Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
Principles of Health SciencePrinciples of Health Science
Mr. RobertMr. Robert
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
Or cardiovascular systemOr cardiovascular system Consists of heart, blood vessels & Consists of heart, blood vessels &
bloodblood Transports oxygen & nutrients to Transports oxygen & nutrients to
body cells and carbon dioxide & body cells and carbon dioxide & metabolic materials away from body metabolic materials away from body cellscells
HeartHeart
Pump of the bodyPump of the body About the size of a fistAbout the size of a fist
Layers of the heartLayers of the heart
EndocardiumEndocardium: lines the inside of the : lines the inside of the heart, allows for smooth flow of bloodheart, allows for smooth flow of blood
MyocardiumMyocardium: muscular middle layer, : muscular middle layer, thickestthickest
PericardiumPericardium: double-layered : double-layered membrane or sac that covers the membrane or sac that covers the outside of the heartoutside of the heart
SeptumSeptum
Muscular wall that separates the Muscular wall that separates the heart into left and right sideheart into left and right side– Interatrial septumInteratrial septum– Interventricular Interventricular
septumseptum
Four chambers of the heartFour chambers of the heart
Two upper chambers: right atrium Two upper chambers: right atrium and left atriumand left atrium
Two lower chambers: right ventricle Two lower chambers: right ventricle and left ventricleand left ventricle
Right atriumRight atrium (RA) (RA)
Receives blood as it returns from the Receives blood as it returns from the bodybody
Right ventricleRight ventricle (RV) (RV)
Receives blood from the right atrium Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps the blood into the and pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery which carries the pulmonary artery which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygenblood to the lungs for oxygen
Left atriumLeft atrium (LA) (LA)
Receives the oxygenated blood from Receives the oxygenated blood from the lungsthe lungs
Left ventricleLeft ventricle (LV) (LV)
Receives blood from the left atrium Receives blood from the left atrium and pumps the blood through the and pumps the blood through the aorta for transport to the bodyaorta for transport to the body
Cross section of the heartCross section of the heart
Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve
Between the right atrium and right Between the right atrium and right ventricleventricle
Closes when the RV contracts, Closes when the RV contracts, preventing backflow into RA preventing backflow into RA
Pulmonary valvePulmonary valve
Located between the right ventricle Located between the right ventricle & the pulmonary artery& the pulmonary artery
Closes when the RV has finished Closes when the RV has finished contracting preventing backflow into contracting preventing backflow into the RVthe RV
Mitral valveMitral valve
Located between left atrium & left Located between left atrium & left ventricleventricle
Closes when LV is contracting, Closes when LV is contracting, preventing back flow into the LApreventing back flow into the LA
Aortic valveAortic valve
Located between the left ventricle Located between the left ventricle and aortaand aorta
Closes when LV is finished Closes when LV is finished contracting preventing backflow into contracting preventing backflow into LVLV
Blood vesselsBlood vessels
Arteries Arteries CapillariesCapillariesVeinsVeins
ArteriesArteries
Carry blood away from the heartCarry blood away from the heart Aorta is the largestAorta is the largest More muscular and elastic than other More muscular and elastic than other
blood vesselsblood vessels
VeinsVeins
Blood vessels that carry blood back Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heartto the heart
Two largest veins: superior vena Two largest veins: superior vena cava and the inferior vena cavacava and the inferior vena cava
Veins are thinner and have less Veins are thinner and have less muscle tissue than arteriesmuscle tissue than arteries
Most contain valves to prevent Most contain valves to prevent backflowbackflow
CapillariesCapillaries
Connect arterioles (smallest arteries) Connect arterioles (smallest arteries) with venules (smallest veins)with venules (smallest veins)
Very thin walls, one cell layer thickVery thin walls, one cell layer thick Gas exchange takes placeGas exchange takes place
HeartbeatHeartbeat DiastoleDiastole: period of rest, ventricular : period of rest, ventricular
fillingfilling SystoleSystole: period of ventricular : period of ventricular
contractioncontraction
Conductive Pathway of the Conductive Pathway of the HeartHeart
SA Node: SA Node: pacemakerpacemaker
AV node: impulse AV node: impulse temporarily slowedtemporarily slowed
Bundle of His Bundle of His (septum)(septum)
R & L bundle R & L bundle branchesbranches
Purkinje fibersPurkinje fibers
Blood flowBlood flow
Vena cavas-right atrium-tricuspid Vena cavas-right atrium-tricuspid valve-rt ventricle-pulmonary valve-valve-rt ventricle-pulmonary valve-pulmonary arteries-lungs-pulmonary pulmonary arteries-lungs-pulmonary veins-lt atrium-mitral valve-left veins-lt atrium-mitral valve-left ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-arteries-ventricle-aortic valve-aorta-arteries-arterioles-capillaries-body cells-arterioles-capillaries-body cells-venules-veinsvenules-veins
BloodBlood
4-6 quarts in average adult4-6 quarts in average adult Made of plasma and blood cellsMade of plasma and blood cells PlasmaPlasma: fluid part of blood, 90% : fluid part of blood, 90%
water with blood proteins, mineral water with blood proteins, mineral salts, gases, hormones, nutrients, etcsalts, gases, hormones, nutrients, etc
Blood CellsBlood Cells
ErythrocytesErythrocytes LeukocytesLeukocytes ThrombocytesThrombocytes
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Red blood cells (RBC)Red blood cells (RBC) Contain hemoglobin which carries Contain hemoglobin which carries
oxygen & carbon dioxideoxygen & carbon dioxide
LeukocytesLeukocytes
White blood cellsWhite blood cells Main function is to fight infectionMain function is to fight infection Five types: neutrophils, eosinophils, Five types: neutrophils, eosinophils,
basophils, monocytes, lymphocytesbasophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
NeutrophilsNeutrophils
Most common leukocyteMost common leukocyte Phagocytize bacteriaPhagocytize bacteria
EosinophilEosinophil
Involved with allergic reactionsInvolved with allergic reactions
BasophilBasophil
Least common leukocyteLeast common leukocyte Produce histamine & heparinProduce histamine & heparin
MonocytesMonocytes
Phagocytize bacteria & other Phagocytize bacteria & other microorganismsmicroorganisms
LymphocytesLymphocytes
Provide immunity by developing Provide immunity by developing antibodiesantibodies
Protect against the formation of Protect against the formation of cancer cellscancer cells
ThrombocytesThrombocytes
PlateletsPlatelets Important in the clotting process, Important in the clotting process,
form a sticky plug when vessel is cutform a sticky plug when vessel is cut
Circulatory System DiseasesCirculatory System Diseases
ArrhythmiaArrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythmAbnormal heart rhythm Detected by ECG (electrocardiogram)Detected by ECG (electrocardiogram)
AnemiaAnemia
Low number of RBC or hemoglobinLow number of RBC or hemoglobin Symptoms include paleness, tiredSymptoms include paleness, tired
AneurysmAneurysm
Ballooning out of an artery wallBallooning out of an artery wall If ruptures, hemorrhage occursIf ruptures, hemorrhage occurs
ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis
Hardening or thickening of arterial Hardening or thickening of arterial wallswalls
Aging changeAging change Causes high blood pressureCauses high blood pressure
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Fatty plaques (usually cholesterol) Fatty plaques (usually cholesterol) are deposited on the walls of arteriesare deposited on the walls of arteries
EmbolusEmbolus
Foreign substance circulating in the Foreign substance circulating in the bloodstreambloodstream
Can be air, blood clot, fatCan be air, blood clot, fat
HemophiliaHemophilia
Inherited disease, usually in malesInherited disease, usually in males Blood is unable to clotBlood is unable to clot Leads to prolonged bleedingLeads to prolonged bleeding
HypertensionHypertension
High blood pressureHigh blood pressure
LeukemiaLeukemia
Malignant disease of the bone Malignant disease of the bone marrow or lymph tissuemarrow or lymph tissue
High numbers of immature WBCHigh numbers of immature WBC
Myocardial InfarctionMyocardial Infarction
Heart attackHeart attack Occurs when a blockage in coronary Occurs when a blockage in coronary
arteries cuts off blood supply to heartarteries cuts off blood supply to heart
PhlebitisPhlebitis
Inflammation of vein, usually in the Inflammation of vein, usually in the legleg
Varicose veinsVaricose veins
Dilated swollen veins that have lost Dilated swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause decreased blood elasticity and cause decreased blood flowflow
Usually in legs form pregnancy, Usually in legs form pregnancy, prolonged sitting, heredityprolonged sitting, heredity
Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,19,20,26,28,29,30,35,40: Slide 5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,19,20,26,28,29,30,35,40:
Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library, Delmar Learning’s Medical Terminology Image Library, Second Edition, Version 1.0, ISBN 1-4018-1009-8.Second Edition, Version 1.0, ISBN 1-4018-1009-8.
Slide 4: Blood and Body Defenses, 1/29/06, Slide 4: Blood and Body Defenses, 1/29/06, http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htmhttp://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htm
Slide 15: St. Jude Medical, 1/29/06, Slide 15: St. Jude Medical, 1/29/06, http://www.sjm.com/globals/popups/valvereplace.shtmhttp://www.sjm.com/globals/popups/valvereplace.shtm
Slide 16: 1/29/06, Slide 16: 1/29/06, http://www.mayoclinic.org/pulmonary-valve-disease/imageshttp://www.mayoclinic.org/pulmonary-valve-disease/images/pulmonary-regurgitation-lg.jpg/pulmonary-regurgitation-lg.jpg
Slide 17: Where is the mitral valve, 1/29/06, Slide 17: Where is the mitral valve, 1/29/06, http://www.yourheart.org.uk/mitral.phphttp://www.yourheart.org.uk/mitral.php
Slide 18: Where is the aortic valve, 1/29/06, Slide 18: Where is the aortic valve, 1/29/06, http://www.yourheart.org.uk/aortic.phphttp://www.yourheart.org.uk/aortic.php
Slide 23: Artery, 1/29/06, Slide 23: Artery, 1/29/06, http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinsohttp://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030819.htmln/m0030819.html
Slide 25: Capillaries Image, 1/29/06, Slide 25: Capillaries Image, 1/29/06, http://web.buddyproject.org/web019/web019/Capimage.hthttp://web.buddyproject.org/web019/web019/Capimage.htmlml
Image CitationsImage Citations Slide 32: What is anemia?, 1/29/06, Slide 32: What is anemia?, 1/29/06,
http://www.epogen.com/patient/patient_info/educational_mhttp://www.epogen.com/patient/patient_info/educational_materials/epogen_and_you/what_anemia.jspaterials/epogen_and_you/what_anemia.jsp
Slide 33: Aneurysm, 2/27/06, Slide 33: Aneurysm, 2/27/06, http://http://www.evergreensurgicalclinic.com/vascular.htmwww.evergreensurgicalclinic.com/vascular.htm
Slide 34: Arteriosclerosis, 1/29/06, Slide 34: Arteriosclerosis, 1/29/06, http://discover.edventures.com/functions/termlib.php?actiohttp://discover.edventures.com/functions/termlib.php?action=&termid=2580&alpha=a&searchStringn=&termid=2580&alpha=a&searchString==
Slide 42: 2/27/06, Slide 42: 2/27/06, http://www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk/photoalbum/ph120.htmhttp://www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk/photoalbum/ph120.htm
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