citing sources: using apa style

Citing Sources: Using APA StyleCiting Sources: Using APA Style

Dr. George J. Brown

Library/Learning Resource Center

Spring 2010

Click on the hyperlinks to see example of citations. Click on the (located bottom right) to return to main menus.

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Authors Citing Books Citing Articles Citing a Motion Picture Citing Electronic Resources Documentation: Citing Sources

EXIT

AUTHORSAUTHORS

Single AuthorTwo AuthorsThree to Seven Authors or EditorsMore than Seven AuthorsOrganization as AuthorUnknown Author

Single AuthorSingle Author

Talbot, F. (2009). How to write effective business English: The essential toolkit for composing powerful letters, e-mails and more, for today’s business needs. London: Kogan Page.

Two AuthorsTwo Authors

Fraser, L. M., & Ormiston, A. (2010). Understanding financial statements. (9th ed.). Boston: Prentice-Hall.

Three to Seven Three to Seven Authors or EditorsAuthors or Editors

Deane, E., Trimble, M., Lancaster, B., & Allbright, C. (1986). The best of the Arkansas Traveler: 1956-1986. (M. T. Rice, Ed.). Little Rock: August House.

Williams, C. F., Bolton, S. C., Moneyhon, C. H., & Williams L. T. (Eds.). (1984). A documentary history of Arkansas. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.

A Work With More Than A Work With More Than Seven AuthorsSeven Authors

Forster, A., Young, J., Green, J., Patterson, C., Wanklyn, P., Smith J., . . . Lowson, K. (2009). Structured re-assessment system at 6 months after a disabling stroke: A randomised controlled trial with resource use and cost study. Age and Ageing, 38(5), 576-583. Retrieved from MEDLINE database.

*When authors number eight or more, include the first six authors’ names, then insert three ellipsis points, and add the last author’s name. (APA, Rule 6.27, pp. 184).

Organization as AuthorOrganization as Author

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

*When the author and the publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. (APA, Rule 7.02, pp.203)

Unknown AuthorUnknown Author

Dosage calculations made incredibly easy. (2010). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Citing BooksCiting Books

A chapter in a book An article in a reference book A book with an editor or translator A book with an author and editor Two or more books by the same author An edition A multi-volume work

A Chapter in a BookA Chapter in a Book

Charles, D. (2009). Genetically modified food can increase the world’s food supply. In Jennifer L. Shancke, (Ed.), Genetically modified food (pp. 67-73). Detroit: Greenhaven Press.

An Article in a Reference BookAn Article in a Reference Book

Huizenga, J. R. (2007). Nuclear fission. In McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science & technology (10th ed., Vol. 12, pp. 112-118). New York: McGraw-Hill.

A Book with an EditorA Book with an Editoror Translatoror Translator

Steward, D. F., (Ed.). (2002). A rough sort of beauty: Reflections on the natural heritage of Arkansas. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.

Editor (Editors) – Ed. (Eds.)Translator(s) – Trans.

A Book With an A Book With an Author and EditorAuthor and Editor

Nuttall, T. (1999). A journal of travels into the Arkansas territory during the year 1819. (S. Lottinville, Ed.). Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.

Two or More Books by the Two or More Books by the Same AuthorSame Author

Stevenson, D. (1996). Armaments and the coming of war: Europe, 1904-1914. New York: Oxford University Press.

Stevenson, D., (Ed.). (1997). The outbreak of the first world war: 1914 in perspective. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

An EditionAn Edition

Cooperman, S. H. (2009). Professional office procedures. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall.

Hyman, T. S. (1974). Snow White. (Silver Anniversary Edition). Boston: Little, Brown.

A Multi-Volume WorkA Multi-Volume Work

Fallek, M. & Solie-Johnson, K. (2003). How to set up your own small business. (Vols. 1-2). Minneapolis: American Institute of Small Business.

Citing ArticlesCiting Articles

An article in a familiar reference book or

encyclopedia Article in a reference book or encyclopedia An article in a newspaper An article in a magazine An article in a scholarly journal Has volume & issue information

An anonymous article

An Article in a Familiar An Article in a Familiar Reference Book or Reference Book or

EncyclopediaEncyclopedia

Pasachoff, J. M. (2009). Astronomy. In The world book encyclopedia. (Vol. A-1, pp. 834-849). Chicago: World Book.

An Article in a Reference An Article in a Reference Book or EncyclopediaBook or Encyclopedia

McColley, D. K. (1999). John Milton. In P. F. Grendler, et al. (Eds.). Encyclopedia of the renaissance (Vol. 4: Machiavelli – Petrarchism, pp. 147-157). New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

*Note: et. al is Latin meaning and others and in this citation is used for a large board of editors.

An Article in a NewspaperAn Article in a Newspaper

Scott, M. D. (2003, August 21). Heavenly stargazing: Red planet will provide closest view in eons. [Late ed.]. New York Times, pp. A1+.

An Article in a MagazineAn Article in a Magazine

Weekly or bi-weekly magazinePlagens, P. (2000, October 16). A life-time

passion for collecting. Newsweek, 72-80.

Monthly or Bi-Monthly Magazine Judasim in the theology of Sir Isaac Newton.

(2000, September). Church History, 671.

An Article in a Scholarly An Article in a Scholarly JournalJournal

Can we save the present for the future? (2003). American Historical Review, 103(4), 734.

Rubin, J. S. (2003). What is the history of the history of books? Journal of American History, 90(2), 5-12.

Note: 103(4) & 90(2) = volume(issue)

An Anonymous ArticleAn Anonymous Article

Hands around the world. (2003, September 29) People, 87.

History behind the Bible. (2003). Biblical Archaeology Review, 29(1), 40.

A Motion PictureA Motion Picture

Wick, D., Franzoni, D., & Lustig, B. (Producers), & Scott, R. (Director). (2003). Gladiator [Motion picture]. United States: Dreamworks & Universal Pictures.

Citing Electronic ResourcesCiting Electronic Resources An electronic book An article in an online reference database

i.e. Encyclopedia Britannica An article in an online database to which the librar

y subscribes EBSCOhost SIRS Facts on File: Issues & Controversies MagillOnLiterature

An Electronic BookAn Electronic Book

Tracy, B. (1998). Success is a journey: Make your life a grand adventure. (J. Smith, Ed.). Provo, UT: Executive Excellence. Available from http://www.netlibrary.com/ebook_info. asp?product_id=6772&piclist=19799,19973,19974,21541

Andersen, H. C. (n.d.). Andersen’s fairy tales. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg. org/etext/1597

An Article in an Online Reference An Article in an Online Reference DatabaseDatabase

Seven wonders of the world. (2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved from http://www.search.eb.com/eb/article-9066945

EBSCOEBSCOhosthost

Havstad, J. (2010). Human reproductive cloning: A conflict of liberties. Bioethics, 24(2), 71-77. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00692.x.

*Note: DOI or digital object identifier is a unique alphanumeric string which provides a persistent link to an article’s location on the Internet. When available include it for both print and electronic sources.

SIRSSIRS

Gold, M. (1997, August). The greatest gift: A guide to adoption. Moment, pp. 42+. Retrieved from SIRS Knowledge Source database (SIRS Researcher).

Linton, Michael. (1999, March). The Mozart effect. First Things, pp. 10-13. Retrieved from SIRS Knowledge Source database (SIRS Renaissance).

FACTS ON FILEFACTS ON FILE

Minimum drinking age. (2009, July 6). Retrieved from Issues & Controversies On

File.

MagillOnLiteratureMagillOnLiterature

Faulkner, W. (1996). Absalom! Absalom! Retrieved from MagillOnLiterature Plus database.

Documentation: Citing SourcesDocumentation: Citing Sources

Parenthetical documentation

References

Parenthetical DocumentationParenthetical Documentation

Author’s name in the sentence Author’s name in the reference Citing an entire work Citing part of an article or of a book Citing volume and page numbers of a

multivolume work Citing a work listed by title Citing two or more works by the same author

Author’s Name in the Author’s Name in the SentenceSentence

Magny (2003) develops this argument. Others, like Walters and Edwards (2010), hold the

opposite point of view. It may be true, as Smith (2009) maintains, that “media

and the military cultures are clashing” (p. 264).

Note: First two examples are summary statements and the third is a direct quote therefore a page number is needed.

Author’s Name in the Author’s Name in the ReferenceReference

Others have argued this point (e.g. Kerrigan and Smith, 2010).

Only one scholar has observed this relation (Cooper, 2010).

Citing an Entire WorkCiting an Entire Work

Davis’ Gardening Secrets (2010) include many vegetables and flower growing tips.

Malone and Turner (2010) broke new ground on the subject.

Fryar et al. (2010) have provided a useful guide to 2010 tax laws.

Citing Part of An Article or of Citing Part of An Article or of A BookA Book

One author presents several opinions on factors that cause police brutality (Cothran, 2010, Chapter 3).

The Iraq War was the first war in which television reporting was real-time, hence called “War: Live in Iraq” (Smith, 2010, pp. 59-78).

Citing Volume and Page #’s of Citing Volume and Page #’s of a Multivolume Worka Multivolume Work

Fallek and Solie-Johnson (2008) state “pitfalls are only something to worry about if you don’t know where they are” (2: 757).

In the election of 2000, the ballot counting system in the United States underwent intense scrutiny (Schlesinger, 2008, Vol. 4, p. 98).

Citing a Work Listed by TitleCiting a Work Listed by Title

A New York Times editorial called Ralph Ellison “a writer of universal reach” (“Death,” 2010).

Paul Cézanne, “a founder of impressionism” was born and raised in Aux-en-Provence (European Artists, 2010, p. 70).

Two or More Works by the Two or More Works by the Same Author or Authors Same Author or Authors

“The global impact of the First World War dominated the history of the first half of the twentieth century” (Stevenson, Armaments, p. 29).

“The First World War began over a local war, launched by the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary against Serbia . . .The Austro-Serb conflict was triggered by the murders of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, on 27 June 1914” (Stevenson, The Outbreak, p.2).

REFERENCESREFERENCES Draft this section first so that you will know what information to give in

parenthetical references as you write. The list of references appears at the end of the paper. If your paper ends

in page 14, the References page is 15. ½ header should be aligned left with title of paper in all caps and page #

aligned right. Center the title, References, an inch from the top of the page. Double-space between the title and the first entry. Begin each entry flush with the left margin, indent subsequent lines five

spaces. Double-space the entire list, both between and within entries. Alphabetize by the author’s (or editor’s) last name or by title if no author.