city development through hs railway - … learnt - city development from hs railway - malmö,...
Post on 19-May-2018
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
D
LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY
Seminar High-speed Rail in SwedenMalmö, November 21st 2016
Juan Ayrault PérezArchitect
Special Developments ManagerPassenger Stations Directorate
Adif - Spanish Railway Infrastructure Management
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
I N D E X
1. Introduction
2. History of Spanish Railways
2.1 Starting conditions
2.2 Brief history
3. HS implementation
3.1 Early development
3.2 Business model
3.3 Network expansion
4. HS and the City
4.1 Impact of HS in public opinion
4.2 First examples
4.3 Multiplying factor: side effects
5. Conclusions
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Foreword
1 I N T R O D U C T I O N
Copernican revolution
• Railway development in Spain has faced from the very
beginning structural problems: geography, population,
lack of capitals, a different gauge...
• In 1992 two world events marked a turning point:
Barcelona Olympic Games and World Expo in Seville.
• At the same time, a revolutionary change in transport
infrastructures was happening: the first HS line from
Madrid to Seville started on April 12th
1992.
• This fact conveyed remarkable consequences in Spain’s
infrastructures shape and future.
• This presentation summarizes the implementation
process of HS and some of its more remarkable
achievements and challenges.
Viaduct - Malaga
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
2.1 Starting conditions
The Iberian peninsula has historically had unfavourable
conditions for railway development:
• Mountainous landscape.
• Population, activity and riches very irregularly distributed
• A controversial decision based on a 1844 report : Iberian
gauge (1668 mm)
Rough terrain
2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y
Madrid Atocha 1905
Juan Subercase, author of 1844 gauge report
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
A mountainous peninsula
The second most
mountainous
European country
after Switzerland.
Geography has
always been a key
factor in transport
and
communications.
Iberian Peninsula relief
2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
A complex playground
Population density is
irregularly
distributed.
People live in the
centre
(Madrid&Metro area)
and the coast.
On the other hand,
average distances
demanded are on
the 500-700 Km
range. So the most
suitable for HS
Spanish population density
2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
One country, two systems
HS line has been
implemented in
standard UIC
gauge.
Variable gauge
facilities and 3rd
rails are needed for
trains that use both
networks.
MAD
SEV
LLEZGZ
HU
TAR
COR
ANT
TOL
BCNVLD
VAL
ALB
CU
MLG
FIG
FRANCE
OUR
SAN
COR
VIG
LEON
ZAM
SAL
GI
ALI
CAD
PORTUGAL
3rd rail turnout. Source Ferropedia
2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
2.2 History
• Opening of the Barcelona-Mataró line in 1848.
• Creation of RENFE in 1941, consequence of private
companies’ bankruptcies and Civil War destructions.
• World Bank report and loan In 1962 Improvement of
important lines and closing of others. No new lines were
built.
• Harsh competition of road and plane from 60’s to 80’s
• New access to Andalusia in 1992. The turning point
Hard trail
2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y
Madrid – Aranjuez opening 1851
Madrid – Atocha 1900Commuter train 1968
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
3.1 Early Development of HS
NAFA – New Railway Access to Andalusia. Madrid Seville, 250
kph.
• Old line with a huge gap in access to Andalusia.
Technically very difficult to solve
• First stretch follows an old line
• New mountain passage shortens itinerary 70 km
• Standard gauge 1435 mm. Obliges to build a parallel line
from Cordoba to Seville
Controversial decision from the beginning with
consequences:
• Ride time shortened from six to less than three hours.
• Travel from city centre to city centre.
• First year 50% of customers switched from plane to
train.
• Five years later it was 85%.
Unexpected success
3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
Old and newMadrid – Andalusia railway lines
Madrid
Seville
Cordoba
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
3.2 Business model
• Imitation of airlines was intentional. Even the brand name
‘AVE’ referred to air flight.
• Security regulations similar to airports.
• Exclusive ticket holder areas
• Perception of customers changed dramatically
• Business travelers adopted massively HS
• New customer profiles appeared: HS regional commuters
Traits
3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
Travelator in Madrid - Atocha
Impossible scene in Spanish HSSecurity scannersTicket control
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
3.3 Network expansion
HS network has grown from the original 471 km to current
3.143.
• 34 HS stations
• 31 M passengers in 2015. Tenfold from the beginning
• Major urban areas serviced, except N and NW.
• Connected to French network on eastern side.
• 45% of Spanish population lives in a 50 Km radius.
• Intermediate stations in less populated areas.
• Network expanded quickly from 2003 to 2013, not it
does at a lower pace.
• Some international connections are still pending:
Atlantic French border and Portugal
Maturity
3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
Station Cuenca Fernando Zóbel
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
MAD
SEV
LLEZGZ
HU
TAR
COR
ANT
TOL
BCNVLD
VAL
ALB
CU
MLG
FIG
FRANCE
OUR
SAN
COR
VIG
LEON
ZAM
SAL
GI
ALI
CAD
PORTUGAL
22 - 12 - 2007 MADRID – VALLADOLID
20 - 02 - 2008 CAMP TARRAGONA – BARCELONA
21 - 04 - 1992 MADRID – SEVILLA.
11 - 10 - 2003 MADRID – LLEIDA
23 - 12 - 2003 ZARAGOZA – HUESCA
16 - 11 - 2005 MADRID – TOLEDO.
26 - 12 - 2006 LLEIDA – C. TARRAGONA
23 - 12 - 2007 ANTEQUERA – MALAGA
16 - 12 - 2006 CORDOBA – ANTEQUERA
18 - 12 - 2010 MADRID – VALENCIA
10 - 12 - 2011 OURENSE – A CORUÑA
08 - 01 - 2013 BARNA – FIGUERES
18 - 06 - 2013 ALBACETE – ALICANTE
18 - 04 - 2015 VIGO – SANTIAGO
28 - 04 - 2015 SEVILLA – CÁDIZ
29 - 09 - 2015 VALLADOLID – LEON
17 - 12 - 2015 MEDINA – ZAM – SALAMANCA
HS Network Expansion
3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
ALM
GRA
BIL
SPANISH HS2016:
3.228 kmDesign up to 350 km -
h
Operation 310 km - h
400 HS trains - day
31 M Passengers - year
52% of total rail passengers-km
travel on HS
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
MAD
SEV
LLEZGZ
HU
TAR
COR
ANT
TOL
BCNVLD
VAL
ALB
CU
MLG
FIG
FRANCE
OUR
SAN
COR
VIG
LEON
ZAM
SAL
GI
ALI
CAD
PORTUGAL
22 - 12 - 2007 MADRID – VALLADOLID
20 - 02 - 2008 CAMP TARRAGONA – BARCELONA
21 - 04 - 1992 MADRID – SEVILLA.
11 - 10 - 2003 MADRID – LLEIDA
23 - 12 - 2003 ZARAGOZA – HUESCA
16 - 11 - 2005 MADRID – TOLEDO.
26 - 12 - 2006 LLEIDA – C. TARRAGONA
23 - 12 - 2007 ANTEQUERA – MALAGA
16 - 12 - 2006 CORDOBA – ANTEQUERA
18 - 12 - 2010 MADRID – VALENCIA
10 - 12 - 2011 OURENSE – A CORUÑA
08 - 01 - 2013 BARNA – FIGUERES
18 - 06 - 2013 ALBACETE – ALICANTE
18 - 04 - 2015 VIGO – SANTIAGO
28 - 04 - 2015 SEVILLA – CÁDIZ
29 - 09 - 2015 VALLADOLID – LEON
17 - 12 - 2015 MEDINA – ZAM – SALAMANCA
HS Network Expansion
3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N
ALM
GRA
BIL
SPANISH HS2016:
3.228 kmDesign up to 350 km -
h
Operation 310 km - h
400 HS trains - day
31 M Passengers - year
52% of total rail passengers-km
travel on HS
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
4.1 Changing mind
• HS had a great impact in public opinion: local authorities
switched from scepticism to enthusiasm
• HS facilitated people movement: tourism, business,
commuters, even people who didn’t travel previously. 30%
induced demand.
• Railway perception changed completely. ‘AVE’ WAS COOL
• HS expansion was associated with urban development
from the beginning: municipalities approved
refurbishments and new developments associated with new
HS lines
4.2 First examples
Madrid – Seville HS line affected to Madrid, Cordoba and Seville
urban areas. Areas surrounding stations changed dramatically.
• Railway disappeared or was minimised as an urban barrier.
• HS injected life to refurbished or newly built urban areas.
Linked forever
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
M. Atocha. Tropical garden
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Sevilla – Santa Justa
Seville Santa Justa Station took the place of a former project
• New HS line reshaped railway accesses to Seville
• Old terminal station was turned into a shopping mall
• The city recovered the northern bank of the river
• New underground HS line eliminated the railway barrier
• The new terminal transformed the whole neighbourhood
• New housing accompanied the new terminal
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Seville. Urban renovation after HS line arrival
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Railway wall in calle Torneo Former railway station
New Torneo avenue Railway station turned shopping mall
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Sevilla – Santa Justa
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Córdoba
Cordoba Station was located beside the existing one
• Tracks were put underground. Railway barrier
disappeared
• The space formerly occupied by old railways facilities is
now a boulevard with new housing and hotels.
• HS has highly increased passenger numbers, hotel
stays, and has fostered the tourist and convention sector.
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Cordoba station
Cordoba, Libertad av.Located over the tracks
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha
Madrid Atocha turned out as the major hub of all the Spanish
transport network. These are the elements of its success
• A new commuter station beside the HS terminal
• Intermodal connections with buses and metro
• Central position in town, close to the key tourist
attraction sites
• Urban renovation of its surroundings
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
M. Atocha. Location
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Urban area surrounding Atocha was degraded. From
mid 80’s urban renovation actions took place:
• Demolition of road bridge
• Reina Sofia museum in a former hospital
• Renovation of hotels ad private buildings
• New commuter (1988) and HS (1992) stations
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Previous status
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Road bridge in Atocha square
Antonio Lopez described Atocha gloomy atmosphere in a 1960 painting
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Atocha surroundings. Urban renovation: Reina Sofia Museum – NH Hotel
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Reina Sofia Museum, new entrance
Hotel NH Nacional
Jean Nouvel enlargement
General Hospital crossection
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 1988-1991 New Commuter Station
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 1992. HS Terminal – Canopy refurbishment
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2002. New boarding platform
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2007. 2nd North – South commuter tunnel
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2010. Arrivals terminal
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 2017. HS North-South tunnel
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
1851
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. 202.... HS through station
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Station complex
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
PRADO MUSEUM
12 min
REINA SOFÍA MUSEUM
10’ min
THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA MUSEUM
15 min
RETIRO PARK
15 min
BOTANICAL GARDEN
10 min
CAIXA FORUMMUSEUM
10 min
ATOCHA STATION
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Location as an urban landmark
Most visited monuments and historical sites are located on
stations’ surroundings, accessible by short pedestrian routes
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Madrid – Puerta de Atocha. Passenger traffic evolution 2001-2015
Madrid Atocha has multiplied its passenger outcome and keeps growing
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
4.2 Further development
• Other terminals were refurbished, enlarged or newly built,
as long as the HS network expanded.
• Many of them were linked to real estate developments
and/or urban renovation.
• Retail Implementation was usually associated, occasionally
with large malls as Malaga’s.
• HS continues to be a major player in cities, affecting in the
most positive way any aspect of urban life
Linked forever
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Valencia – New HS Station and Central Park
Valencia HS terminal is a provisory one, still pending on the
new station through
• Associated to a huge urban renewal including the new
Central Park of 230.000 sqm.
• Enhances intermodal exchange with commuter and metro
networks.
• Still pending on connection with the Mediterranean axis.
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Central ParkFormer station and enlargement
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
HS station through
connects with
• New
underground
commuter line
• Metro
• Regional rail
network
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Valencia – New HS Station. Intermodal connections
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
HS station
organizes railway
traffic in two
stories, one for
conventional
railway, other for
HS – standard
gauge
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Valencia – New HS Station. Crossection
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Valencia. Urban developments
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Urban planning
includes a new
neighbourhood
around Garcia
Lorca boulevard
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Iberian gaugeUIC gauge
Located in the outskirts of the town (50.000h). Only
intermediate town between Madrid and Valencia, at a similar
distance of each
• Newly built through station
• Connected by bus with city centre
• One of the highest ration of users
• It has improved tourism
Cuenca. New HS station
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Málaga
Vialia Malaga María Zambrano station was developed under the
vialia® brand.
• A PPP between Adif and a real estate operator was
established
• Comprises 35.000 sqm of retail, including a hotel
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Refurbished old pavillions
Vialia Malaga Maria Zambranostation
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Vialia project was a part of the refurbishment of all the
surrounding area. It has the best intermodal connections in
town, with commuter network, regional and urban buses and
tram
Málaga
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Malaga tram
Vialia Malaga area urban planning
Commuter station Malaga
Bus station Malaga
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Madrid – Chamartin
Madrid Chamartín was built in 1970-1975. Still waits its big
enlargement. A project for adaptation to HS is going on
• A new HS tunnel that will link Northern and Southern
networks
• HS lines enlargement (standard gauge)
• New urban developments in former railway facilities land
• Business District enlargement
4 H S A N D T H E C I T Y
Madrid Chamartín locationIn North Madrid
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
C O N C L U S I O N S
Positive outcome
5.1 Results
• HS is a major player in urban life, fostering economic
activities
• Attracts customers from other modes, mainly road and
plane
• New kinds of customers appear, such as regional
commuters
• Urban planning and design are key players and
complementary tools when HS lines reach cities.
Lleida Pirineus station
Lessons learnt - City Development from HS Railway - Malmö, November 21st 2016 Juan Ayrault - ADIF
Future
5.2 Challenges
• Recovering from a crisis environment.
• Increasing passenger share
• Improving international connections
• Enhancing intermodal exchange
• Implementing new technologies
Vigo Urzáiz. Thom Mayne project
C O N C L U S I O N S
top related