civil rights struggle

The Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights: Rights of full citizenship and equality under the law.

Civil Rights Legislation

13th Amendment

Abolished Slavery

14th Amendment

Guaranteed Equal Protection Under the Law

15th Amendment

Gave African-Americans the right to vote

•Dred Scott (1857): Declared African-Americans were not and could never become citizens of the United States

•Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Declared segregation was legal as long as the facilities offered both races were equal. Became known as the Separate But Equal Doctrine.

•Brown vs. Board of Education (1954): Declared that segregation by race was unconstitutional.

Little Rock Nine were nine students who attended Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas despite violent protests.

Students were initially prevented from entering the formerly racially segregated school by the Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus.

Finally, President Eisenhower ordered the Governor to allow the students to attend. The students had to be escorted by the Arkansas National Guard.

The students were spit on, called names, and threatened.

Some students refused to attend school with African Americans.

The students had to be escorted to school.

How difficult do you think it was to go to a school where you were

hated and unwelcomed?

African-American protests were often broken up by

violent force.

Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)

• Baptist Minister• Promoted nonviolent resistance• Youngest man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize• Assassinated in 1968

Rosa Parks (1913-2005)

• Refused to give up her seat to a white man• She was arrested• Montgomery Bus Boycott: members of black communities refused to ride buses until the city ended segregation.

Malcolm X- Born Malcolm Little (1925-1965)

• Advocated black pride and economic self-reliance•Black Muslim Minister• “X” symbolized rejection of slave name•Once a powerful member of the nation of Islam

•Changed beliefs and was assassinated

President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963)

• Proposed the Civil Rights Act• Assassinated in 1963

President Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973)

• Pushed for passage of Civil Rights Act of 1965•Pushed for Voting Rights Act•Nominated the first African-American to the Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993)

Civil Disobedience: A peaceful way to object to a law considered unjust.

Sit-ins: Protests which involved African-Americans sitting at lunch counters and refusing to move until they had been served.

Marches: peaceful forms of protest in which African-Americans and sympathetic Caucasians marched together to show unity.

Segregation: Segregation: Social separation Social separation of the racesof the races

Prejudice: Judging someone or having an idea about them before you actually know anything about them.

Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group.

Stereotype: to categorize individuals or groups according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea.

Racial profiling: being singled out as a suspect because of the way a person looks.

Hate crimes: acts of violence based on a person’s race, color, national origin, gender, or disability.

Tolerance: to respect others’ beliefs, practices, and differences without sharing them.

DiscriminationDiscrimination

Segregation: Segregation: Social separation Social separation of the racesof the races

Typical Africa-American school

Typical white school

Prejudice: Judging someone or having an idea about them before you actually know anything about them.

Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group.

Stereotype: to categorize individuals or groups according to an oversimplified standardized image or idea.

Racial profiling: being singled out as a suspect because of the way a person looks.

Hate crimes: acts of violence based on a person’s race, color, national origin, gender, or disability.

Tolerance: to respect others’ beliefs, practices, and differences without sharing them.