civil war battles 1862-1864. september 1862 great britain was ready to formally recognize the...
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Civil War Battles 1862-Civil War Battles 1862-18641864
September 1862September 1862• Great Britain was ready to formally
recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation, but were waiting for a major win on Union soil.
• On September 4, 1862 Lee began crossing the Potomac River into Maryland.
• Union forces lost track of the Confederate troops for 4 days.
• McClellan met Lee at Antietam in MD.• The Battle of Antietam raged all day
and became the bloodiest single-day battle in all of U.S. military history.
Antietam cont…Antietam cont…
• Casualties: 12,000 Union 13,000
Confederate• The Union won, but Lincoln fired
McClellan.• Significance: Showed Lee could be
defeated; Lincoln issued a preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation.
African American African American SoldiersSoldiers
• In August 1862 the first black regiments were organized in the Union army.
• Many of them served in the 54th Massachusetts Infantry.
• They led the charge in the attack on Fort Wagner, which guarded the entrance to the Charleston Harbor.
• Union army did not offer them full equality; they earned half the pay of white soldiers.
• In 1865, Martin Delany became the 1st African American promoted to the rank of major.
December 1862December 1862
• After Antietam, Lincoln chose Ambrose Burnside to replace McClellan.
• In December 1862, Burnside sent Union soldiers across the Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, VA
• Lee’s soldiers controlled the hills above the town.
• On December 13, as the Union crossed an open plain, the Confederate fired on them.
• Casualties: 12,000 Union 5,000 Confederate
April 1863April 1863
• Lincoln made yet another change in the Union leader, who now was Joseph Hooker.
• By April 30, 1863 Hooker positioned his men in a deep forest known as the Wilderness, near Chancellorsville, VA.
• The Confederate attacked them from 2 sides, causing Hooker to withdraw.
• Significance: Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men which led to the amputation of his arm. He died 8 days later.
RIP STONEWALL
JACKSON
June 1863June 1863
• In June 1863 Lee crossed into Pennsylvania.
• Lincoln once again replaced his general, the new man: George Meade.
• On the 2nd day of the Battle of Gettysburg the Confederates rushed the Union on the top of a ridge, and many were killed.
• This became known as Pickett’s Charge.
• Bad weather prevented Meade from pursuing the Confederates and Lee retreated to Virginia.
Gettysburg cont…Gettysburg cont…
• After 3 days of fighting the casualties were: Union= 23,000
Confederate= 28,000• In November 1863 Lincoln
dedicated a cemetery at the battlefield and spoke for a few minutes, delivering his famous Gettysburg Address.
July 1863July 1863
• Grant knew that gaining full control of the Mississippi River required taking Vicksburg, MS
• Grant and Union troops trapped Confederate troops during the Siege of Vicksburg. Reinforcements were not able to help the trapped Confederate troops.
• On July 3, 1863 General Grant and Confederate general John Pemberton met to discuss the terms of surrender.
• This and another victory gave the Union total control over the MS River, which cut Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas off from the rest of the Confederacy.
September 1864September 1864
• Union general William Tecumseh Sherman undertook a campaign to destroy southern railroads and industries.
• On September 2, 1864 Atlanta fell and the Confederates lost their last railroad link across the Appalachian Mts.
• Sherman’s success renewed hope that the conflict would soon end.
• It also boosted Lincoln’s popularity and allowed him to win the 1864 presidential election.
• Sherman proposed to fight a total war, meaning that to win the war the Union must strike at the enemy’s economic resources.
IN-CLASS/HOMEWORKIN-CLASS/HOMEWORK
• Read Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address on pg 391
• Put into your own words what Lincoln was saying
• Go over your notes and find out where the battles took place
• Label them on your map
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