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Clean Energy Industry Trends and Clean Energy Industry Trends and Workforce DevelopmentWorkforce Development
Research Summary
November 18, 2010
Alan Alan HardcastleHardcastle
Sr. Research AssociateSr. Research Associate
Green Jobs BackgroundGreen Jobs Background
2008 legislation directed Employment Security to identify the number of green jobs in Washington.
47,194 private-sector jobs were found for 2008.
2009 legislation directed a series of follow up studies to cover both public and private sector green jobs.
First step: First step: Define green jobs
Development of products and services that promote environmental protection and energy security.
Businesses engaged in: Energy efficiency Renewable energy Preventing and reducing pollution Mitigating or cleaning up pollution
The SurveyThe Survey
Scientifically sound design. Direct, public and private-sector green jobs. More than 13,000 responses.Results weighted to represent green jobs in all
sectors. Second survey enabled initial measurement of
change over one year.
Key Results (1)Key Results (1)
Estimated 76,137 private-sector green jobs
3.1 % of total covered private sector employment
Additional 23,182 public-sector green jobs
Total: 99,319 green jobs
Key Results (2)Key Results (2)
These 99,319 green jobs represent 3.3% of total covered state employment
Up from 1.6% in 2008
Private-sector employers surveyed in 2008 and again in 2009 reported 32.4% increase in number of green jobs
Private-SectorPrivate-SectorResults by Green Core AreaResults by Green Core Area
Energy efficiencyEnergy efficiency: 44.3% of all private-sector : 44.3% of all private-sector green jobs. More than two-thirds in construction, green jobs. More than two-thirds in construction, which is up 28.9% from 2008which is up 28.9% from 2008
Prevent/reduce pollutionPrevent/reduce pollution: 39.9% of private-: 39.9% of private-sector green jobs. More than half in agriculture.sector green jobs. More than half in agriculture.
Clean/mitigate pollutionClean/mitigate pollution: 11.6% of private : 11.6% of private sector green jobs. Mostly professional/technical sector green jobs. Mostly professional/technical services and waste management & remediation.services and waste management & remediation.
Renewable energyRenewable energy: 4.1% of private-sector green : 4.1% of private-sector green jobs. Mostly construction and jobs. Mostly construction and professional/technical services.professional/technical services.
88
Public-SectorPublic-SectorResults by Green Core AreaResults by Green Core Area
Energy efficiency: 20.9% of public-sector green jobs.
Prevent/reduce pollution: 66.2% of public-sector green jobs.
Clean/mitigate pollution: 11.6% of public-sector green jobs.
Renewable energy:1.3% of public-sector green jobs.
99
2009 Renewable Energy Trends and 2009 Renewable Energy Trends and Workforce Study Workforce Study
Global, National, State and Global, National, State and Regional Trends in Renewable Regional Trends in Renewable EnergyEnergy
Employer Data (27)Employer Data (27)
Workforce ImplicationsWorkforce Implications
Identify RE Education and Identify RE Education and Training in StateTraining in State
Wild Horse Wind/Solar Project – Kittitas CountyPhoto courtesy of Puget Sound Energy
Hubbert’s Curve and the EvidenceHubbert’s Curve and the Evidence
U.S. A Net Importer of Oil U.S. A Net Importer of Oil
The Cost of Oil – UpdatedThe Cost of Oil – Updated(High=$140 Barrel in July 2008)(High=$140 Barrel in July 2008)
Clean Energy InvestmentsClean Energy Investments
Global : New investment in clean energy was $162 billion in 2009
(China leads at $33.7 billion) Second highest figure ever, after $173 Second highest figure ever, after $173
billion in 2008, and up from $157 billion in 2008, and up from $157 billion in 2007billion in 2007
U.S.: Clean energy investment was $17 Clean energy investment was $17 billion in 2009, down 45% from 2008billion in 2009, down 45% from 2008
WA: $600 million in new federal stimulus funding in 2010, in addition to $2 billion for Hanford cleanup
Source: New Energy Finance, 20010
Workers service a wind turbine at Nine Mile Canyon SitePhoto courtesy of Energy Northwest
Annual Growth Rates In World Annual Growth Rates In World Renewable Energy Supply 1990-2006Renewable Energy Supply 1990-2006
1.9% 1.9% 1.5% 2.1% 2.2%
9.2% 9.3%
24.5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Tota
l energ
y su
pply
Tota
l Renew
able
s
Solid
Bio
mass
Geoth
erm
al
Hyd
ro
Renew
able
Munic
ipal
Wast
e/B
iogas/
Liq
uid
Bio
mass
Sola
r
Win
d
Source: EIA World Renewable Outlook 2008
Projected World Energy UseProjected World Energy Useby Source, 2007-2035by Source, 2007-2035
Source: DOE-EIA International Energy Outlook, 2010
Net Electricity GenerationNet Electricity GenerationEstimates by Source, 2007-2035Estimates by Source, 2007-2035
Source: DOE-EIA International Energy Outlook, 2010
0
50
100
150
200
250
20
06
20
09
20
12
20
15
20
18
20
21
20
24
20
27
20
30
bil
lio
n K
Wh
Geothermal
Municipal Solid Waste
Wood and Other Biomass
Solar
Wind
Annual Average Growth Rate 2006-2030
Geothermal 2.6% Municipal Solid Waste 2.2% Wood and Biomass 18.6% Solar 94.0% Wind 27.2%
U.S. Non-Hydro Renewable U.S. Non-Hydro Renewable Electricity Generation 2006-2030Electricity Generation 2006-2030
(includes effects of post-stimulus investments)(includes effects of post-stimulus investments)
Source: DOE-EIA, March 2009
2006 Resource Mix for 2006 Resource Mix for Electric Power GenerationElectric Power Generation
67%71%
12%
16% 7%
77%
15%19%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
World US WA
% o
f Tot
al E
lect
ricity
Pro
duct
ion
Geothermal
Solar/Wind
Biomass andWasteNuclear
Hydro
Fossil Fuels
Industry Trends: Industry Trends: Washington Employer PerspectivesWashington Employer Perspectives
Federal/state policies driving growthFederal/state policies driving growth
Uneven patterns of development Uneven patterns of development
Renewable energy employers optimisticRenewable energy employers optimistic Recession has had negative impact, but Recession has had negative impact, but
viewed as a “viewed as a “temporary setbacktemporary setback.”.”
Workforce Issues: Workforce Issues: Employer PerspectivesEmployer Perspectives
Future workforce shortagesFuture workforce shortages
Need for a multi-skilled workforceNeed for a multi-skilled workforce
Core skills often lackingCore skills often lacking
Significant interest from youth:Significant interest from youth: Solar employer:“I get an application a day from Solar employer:“I get an application a day from
energetic young people”energetic young people”
Workforce Issues: Workforce Issues: Education and TrainingEducation and Training
Lack of renewable education and training Lack of renewable education and training (at all levels, including STEM)(at all levels, including STEM)
Capacity limitedCapacity limited
Training delivery options—balance of Training delivery options—balance of distance options and applied learningdistance options and applied learning
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Trends and Job CreationTrends and Job Creation
Energy price volatility, supply concerns, technology advances, climate change, energy independence, all contribute to long-term investments in EE.
NWPPC-6th power plan: Efficiency gains to meet 85% of new regional energy demand by 2020
Efficiency-related investments in 2004 were $300 billion;
support 1.63 million jobs in US Twice the number of jobs that were created in energy
supply sector But—still less than 1/3 of annual energy spending
Source: ACEEE: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
EE Sector Job Growth ProjectionsEE Sector Job Growth Projections
Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
EE study – Occupations in EE study – Occupations in Weatherization (needed by 2020)Weatherization (needed by 2020)
Source: USDOE Weatherization Assistance Program
2008 = ˜13,000
Over 55,000
ConclusionsConclusions Clean Energy sectors will Clean Energy sectors will
experience long-term growthexperience long-term growth Economic recession has moderated Economic recession has moderated
new investment and growth, but new investment and growth, but there is momentumthere is momentum
State policies and green economy State policies and green economy goals impact clean sectors goals impact clean sectors differently; many opportunities differently; many opportunities and challengesand challenges
Retirements, demographic trends, Retirements, demographic trends, and inadequate education-training and inadequate education-training capacity will tighten labor marketcapacity will tighten labor market
Career opportunities available for Career opportunities available for students, workers who are preparedstudents, workers who are prepared
Solar panels on the roof of Wenatchee Valley CollegePhoto courtesy of Chelan County PUD
Contact:Contact:
Alan HardcastleAlan Hardcastle
Senior Research AssociateSenior Research Associate
(360) 956-2167(360) 956-2167
hardcast@wsu.edu
WSU Energy Workforce Research Reports:WSU Energy Workforce Research Reports:http://www.energy.wsu.edu/ResearchEvaluation.aspx
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