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1/4/2013
1
Achieving Sustainable Development
through Academic Research
The International Higher Education
University Research Performance Forum 2013
10 April 2013
Bundit Fungtammasan
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
Scope
Role of research for sustainable
development
Some sustainable development issues in
Thailand
The University: context and priorities
Platforms for sustainable development
related R&D
Examples of research and innovation for SD
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The Pivotal Role of Research
for National Sustainable
Development
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development (SD): an overarching
objective of many countries and communities to
ensure that present development efforts do not
compromise the ability of future generations to
meet their needs
For example: current EU SD policies, based on
renewed Sustainable Development Strategy 2006
(EU SDS), deals in an integrated way with
economic, environmental and social issues; and
each member state reports progress
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EU SDS – the Policy Context
Strategy calls for an integrated approach to policy
making and a gradual change in current
unsustainable consumption and production patterns
Identified 7 key challenges:
Climate change and clean energy
Sustainable transport
Sustainable production and consumption
Better management of natural resources
Public health threats
Social inclusion, demography and migration
Fighting global poverty
EU Research Program Tailored for Sustainability
Recognises the need to strengthen research
and technological development in helping to
translate key challenges and objectives of SDS
into concrete action, and to promote a forward-
looking and integrated approach on
sustainability
FP7 (7th Framework Program): tailored to allow
research to live up to multifaceted expectations
for R&D in SDS
Source: EC Research and Innovation – Sustainable Development (http://ec.europa.eu/research/sd/index_en.cfm)
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Thematic Contributions to SD in FP7
Health Environment (incl. climate change)
Food, agriculture &
fishery, and biotech.
Transport (incl. aeronautics)
ICT Socio-economic science and
humanities
Nanoscience,
nanotech, materials &
new production tech
Space
Energy Security
Source: EC Research and Innovation – Sustainable Development (http://ec.europa.eu/research/sd/index_en.cfm)
Examples of Thematic Contributions – Energy (non-nuclear)
Overall objective: making the current energy
system more sustainable, with more diverse
energy sources, greater use of renewables and
addressing the challenges of security of supply
and climate change
Link to sustainable development: Energy key to
reconciling the often opposing dimensions of
sustainable development, a vision of progress
that links economic development, protection of
the environment and social justice
Source: EC Research and Innovation – Sustainable Development (http://ec.europa.eu/research/sd/index_en.cfm)
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Examples of Thematic Contributions – Energy (non-nuclear)
Policy initiatives support the need for research, eg.
“Towards a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan”
Need rapid progress on 4 main fronts in energy
system
Efficient conversion and use of energy coupled with
decreasing energy intensity
Diversification of energy mix in favour of renewables
and low-carbon conversion technologies
Decarbonisation of transport system through switching
to alternative fuels;
Full liberalisation and interconnection of energy
systems, incorporating 'smart' ICT
Source: EC Research and Innovation – Sustainable Development (http://ec.europa.eu/research/sd/index_en.cfm)
Sustainable Development –
Some Issues of Concern
In Thailand
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Thailand at a Glance (2011)
Land area
511,937 sq.km
Population
67 Million**
GDP (nominal)
345 bUS$
Per capita GDP
(nominal)
5,395 US$
Source: World Bank
Thailand at a Glance (2)
Economic Sector % GDP
Manufacturing 34
Agriculture 11
Services and others 55
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE) 2011
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Rapid GDP Growth over the Last 4 Decades
Source: World Bank
$350 B Current USD
Energy demand growth closely coupled with GDP, despite slow population growth
Note: Others sector consist of agriculture, mining and construction sector Source : DEDE, EPPO,JGSEE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Industry Transport Residential Commercial Others
< Historical Projection >
Mtoe
1991-2010 2011-2030 TFEC 4.4 4.2 GDP 4.5 4.3 Pop. 0.9 0.3 By sector Industry 5.9 5.0 Transport 4.3 3.5 Residential 2.2 3.8 Commercial 7.5 5.5 Others 3.8 2.1
Average growth rate (%) 162.7
71.2
BAU
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Dwindling domestic energy reserves (as of Dec 2011)
Source: EPPO, Thailand Energy Statistics 2012
Energy Type Proven Reserve
R/P Ratio (yrs)
Natural gas 10,060 bcf 7.7
Oil & condensate
450 mbl 5.5
Coal (lignite) 2,075 mt 97
Hydro* 15,100 MW NA
Note bcf: billion cubic feet, mbl: million barrels, mt: million ton * Including potentials of international river
About half of energy needs imported, and import-dependence is growing…….
Inequality in energy access
Region kWh per capita
National average 2,321
Metropolitan Bangkok 5,523
Central 4,662
South 1,512
North 1,030
Northeast 685
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17
Vehicle Stocks - Past Trends and Current Status
26.7 Mil. Vehicles
17.7 Mil. Vehicles
In 2008 Vehicle Stocks: PC 4.43 Mil. Vehicles PU 4.84 Mil. Vehicles MC 16.3 Mil. Vehicles Others 1.13 Mil. Vehicles Vehicle Ownership: PC 67 veh./1,000 persons PU 73 veh./1,000 persons MC 245 veh./1,000 persons Others 17 veh./1,000 persons
Economic Crisis
18
Vehicle Stocks - Projection under BAU Scenario
26.7 Mil. Vehicles
110.4 Mil. Vehicles
4 times of current status
In 2030 Vehicle Stocks: PC 20.0 Mil. Vehicles PU 15.3 Mil. Vehicles MC 72.6 Mil. Vehicles Others 2.43 Mil. Vehicles Vehicle Ownership: PC 264 veh./1,000 persons PU 202 veh./1,000 persons MC 958 veh./1,000 persons Others 32 veh./1,000 persons
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Income gap widening
Richest 20% make
almost 60% of the
income, poorest 20%
garnered only 4%
Lower middle-
class workers have much
difficulty catching up with
the group above them
Source: TDRI
Fossil fuels dominate Thailand’s Primary Energy Supply (% Share in 2011)
Total PES: 128 Mtoe
Oil, 36.5
Natural gas,
32.6
Coal, 11.8
Hydro, 2
Renewables,
16.2
Biofuels, 0.7 Other, 0.2
Source: DEDE, Thailand Energy Situation Report 2012
82% fossil
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Thailand’s Energy-related CO2
Emission Trend
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
1986-2012 (unit: million tons of CO2)
Source: www.eppo.go.th
Loss of forest cover
Total forest cover: 37% of total land area
Forest cover declined from 61% to 34% of the
country's land area during 1945-1975, lost close
to 28% of the remaining over the next 11 years
(ave loss 3.1% per year)
Since logging ban: loss declined dramatically, still
lost 28,850 ha or 0.15% per year (1990-2010)
Consequent loss of carbon stock in living forest
biomass and biodiversity
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Signs of increasing extreme
weather events…..
Unprecedented flooding in 2011
Notable changes in different patterns of
extreme rainfall characteristics in each coastal
side during 1965-2006
Will be exposed to increasing risks of different
extreme rainfall-driven disasters: inland flash
flood, coastal flooding, coastal erosion, severe
water shortage
Making Energy, Environmental
and Societal Issues a Priority in
Research in the University
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King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi
25
1960: Founded as Thonburi Technical College
1971: Upgraded to King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology
Thonburi Campus
1986: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi
1998: Became autonomous and renamed King
Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
2009: 1 of 9 Designated National Research Universities
From a technical college to a research
university in science, engineering, technology
and management
KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI
26
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Practical & Excellent
High Impact Research
Residential College
City Connection
KMUTT Bangmod Main Campus
Teaching Research
and Learning Center
KMUTT Bangkhuntien
First University
Industrial Park in Thailand
KMUTT Ratchaburi Learning Park
21st Century KMUTT
Quality Graduates
KMUTT Learning Square
Innovation and Entrepreneur
Development Center
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27 KMUTT Locations
Our Motto:
Professionalism and Integrity
28
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Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Industrial Education and Technology
Faculty of Science
School of Information Technology
School of Architecture and Design
FACULTIES AND SCHOOLS – UNDERGRAD AND POSTGRAD
School of Liberal Arts
School of Energy, Environment and Materials
School of Bioresources and Technology
Graduate School of Management and Innovation
GRADUATE SCHOOLS
30
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Center for Energy Technology and Environment – Lead (Operated by the Joint Graduate School
of Energy and Environment - JGSEE)
Post Harvest Technology - Partner
Environmental and Hazardous Wastes Management - Partner
Physics - Partner
Mathematics - Partner
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DESIGNATED CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE
31
Total 18,000
Undergraduate 12,000 (67%)
Graduate 6,000 (33%)
Masters 5,300
PhD 700
STUDENT POPULATION
32
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Total 2,150
Teaching & research 740
Research track 120
Administrative support 1,290
STAFF
33
Research Mission
Towards high-impact research
through value creation for economic
and social systems
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Research Thrusts
Energy, Environment & Clean Technology
Food & Agro-based Industries
Materials & Manufacturing
Information & Communications Tech
Learning & Technical Education
Humanities and Design
36 Established under National Research University Program
Energy &
Environment
BioSci BioEng &
Food
Materials
Sci & Eng
Manufacturing &
Automation
Computation & IT
Research Clusters
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! Times Higher Education World
University Ranking 2012-2013:
! KMUTT represents the only
Thai University in World’s Top
400
! Ranked 3rd in South East
Asia behind NUS and NTU of
Singapore
! QS Asian University Ranking 2012:
! Ranked 161-170th Overall
! Ranked 6th in Thailand
! Ranked 1st of S&T Universities
in Thailand
Recent Rankings
Tuesday, 22 January 13
A University Committed to SD
UI Green Metric World Universities
Ranking
Ranked 17th globally and 1st in
Thailand in 2010
Ranked 38th globally and 2nd in
Thailand in 2012
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A University Committed to SD (2)
Committed to
being a Green University that provides role models on
Energy, Environment & Safety Management Systems
(EESM)
applying SD concepts to all activities within the university
and incorporating SD context in all curricula
making students & staff Change Agents in helping the
community & society improve quality of life through good
practices in EESM
continuous improvement in EESM to meet sustainability for
all
KMUTT Green University Policy
A University Committed to SD
Created a Campus Environment and Hazardous
Materials Management Project in 1996
Transformed to Environment, Safety and Health (ESH)
Unit in 2000, tasked with setting policies, guidelines,
code of practice, and campus-wide awareness
campaigns
Changed to Energy, Environment, Safety and Health
(EESH) Unit in 2004, after winning support from
Energy Ministry to run Green University project
First EESH system in a university, served as a role
model for other institutions and extended services to
communities
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A University Focused on Energy
Research
A long history of involvement has made
KMUTT a reputation locally and in the region
1976 School of Energy and Materials founded following the oil crisis in 1973 to pursue graduate education and research (first of its kind in Thailand), later renamed School of Energy, Environment & Materials More than 1,500 graduates to date
A University Focused on Energy
Research (2)
1979 ASEAN COST set up a Working Group on Non
Conventional Energy Research (WGNCER) to
enhance R&D capabilities and contribute to
national energy policy planning and formulation
WGNCER, later upgraded to ASEAN Sub-Com on
Non-Conventional Energy Research (SCNCER),
was chaired and coordinated by KMUTT – home
of the Secretariat up to early 90’s Focused on energy technologies other than conventional use of energy for electricity generation
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A University Focused on Energy
Research (3)
1998 The Joint Graduate School of Energy and
Environment (JGSEE) founded as a 5-
university consortium and CoE led by
KMUTT
Focused on graduate education
(international programs) and research
Produced more than 100 PhD graduates
2011 Established Energy and Environment
Research Cluster
Empowering Disadvantaged
Communities
Integrating R&D and outreach
activities to empower
disadvantaged communities,
particularly in remote areas, to
self-reliance through Schools strengthening
Vocational training, improving
quality of life and the
environment
while educating students and
young academic staff (NAS) on
SD issues in the process
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Schools Strengthening
Targeting schools around the
campuses & in remote areas
Locally-relevant, problem-
based learning
Science strengthening
Bridging the “digital divide”
through IT education
Change agent to address
energy & environment and
climate change issues
Vocational training, improving
quality of life & the environment
Targeting remote communities
under Royal Projects
Foundation & other royal
initiatives, and communities
around campuses
Applying Energy, Environment
& Engineering for Agriculture
(3E’s for A), and combining
local wisdom
Supporting Royal Project’s
Food Processing Plants
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Creating Platforms for
Focused Research
Graduate Schools
School of Energy, Environment & Materials
School of Bioresources and Technology
Joint Graduate School of Energy and
Environment (with contributions from other
faculties/schools within KMUTT and from
other university partners)
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Centers
CoE on Energy Technology & Environment
CoE on Hazardous Substance Management
CoE on Waste Utilization and Management
CoE on Nanomatrials for Alternative Energy
Clean Energy Systems Center
Biochemical Engineering Research Center
Research and Services Center for Community
and Society (champion of Community Alliance
Projects)
etc
Interdisciplinary Research Clusters
Research clusters under the National
Research University Program:
Energy & Environment
Materials Science & Materials Engineering
Bioscience, bioengineering and food
Research clusters under university initiative:
Earth system science
Indoor air quality
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Examples of KMUTT’s Research
and Innovation Contribution to
Sustainable Development with
Tangible Results
Clean Energy
Energy efficiency Thailand’s Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan
and R&D Master Plan
Building Energy Code
Low-energy building design for hot &
humid climate
High efficiency appliances: gas stove, etc
Energy efficiency improvements in
industrial processes
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Clean Energy (2)
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy resource potential
assessment (biomass, biogas, wind)
Biomass gasification for heat application in
cement industry
Biogas technology for small to large scale
applications, agro-industry plants in particular
Rural applications of photovoltaic (PV)
systems, hybrid systems (the only PV system
standard testing center in the region)
Sustainable Transport
National energy efficiency plan and R&D
plan for the transport sector
Scenarios for future transport energy
demand and greenhouse gas emissions
Biofuels for transport: production and
utilization
Assessment of impacts of alternative
vehicles (e.g. electric vehicles) on
infrastructure and industry
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Climate Change
Greenhouse gas inventory as a contribution
to Thailand’s national communication to the
UNFCCC
Greenhouse gas monitoring, carbon
dynamics of tropical forest & agriculture
Sustainability assessments based on LCA
(life cycle assessment) of energy systems,
agriculture, and industry: carbon footprints,
water footprints, etc
Low-carbon city initiatives
Conclusion
KMUTT has had a long history of commitment to addressing sustainable development related issues through education, research and outreach activities
By focusing its research efforts in energy, environment, climate change, and disadvantaged communities, and creating suitable platforms for R&D, it has been able to produce tangible results that contribute to SD in a number of areas
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Thank you !
bundit@jgsee.kmutt.ac.th
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