climate change & water resources of pakistan

Climate Change &

Water Resources in Pakistan

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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Changez (Genghis) Khan1162-1227

Behead him, who pollutes water

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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Water Facts

• 2.6 billion people lack improved sanitation

• 800 million people lack access to safe drinking water

• agriculture uses 70% of fresh water worldwide (40% employment)

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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South Asia 2060

• Maximum # of FIRs registered for theft of water

• 2nd for theft of Cattle• 3rd… is very interesting

• Dr. Adil Najam at 16th Sustainable Development Conference SDPI 2013… South Asia 2060

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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War Against Terrorism

The number of people killed in War Against Terrorism from 1990s till today is less than the number of children dying in Delhi due to water related diseases annually

South Asia 2060

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Water Issues-UNEP

Priority water-related issues1. Agriculture2. Industry3. Cities4. Watersheds

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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The Himalayas

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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River Basins in Himalayas

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One of the Most Water-Stressed Countries-ADB 2013

• Pakistan was pointed as "one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, not far from being classified, 'water-scarce‘

• Asian Development Bank Report 2013

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Pakistan’s per capita water availability dwindling

• The per capita water availability in Pakistan has dwindled by over 406 percent

• from 5,260 cubic meters in 1951 • to 1,038 cubic meters in 2010• If trend continues, then by 2020, the water availability

in Pakistan would further lower to 877 cubic meters per annum

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Pakistan’s Storage Capacity• Pakistan’s storage capacity is

just for 30 days• India has the ability to store

water for 120-220 days• Egypt has 1,000 days water

storage capacity only on River Nile

• America 900 days on River Colorado

• Australia 600 and South Africa has the ability to store water for 500 days on River Orange

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Q: What is MAF?Ans: Million Acre Feet…

Climate Change & Water Resources of Pakistan

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Underground Water Extraction

• In Pakistan, the annual extraction of water has gone up to 51 million-acre feet

• Lowering the water table

• In future, more energy cost for pumping

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Losing Capacity to Store Water

• Pakistan has also lost its capacity to store water by 27 percent

• 4.37 million feet of water… from 16.28 MAF to 11.91 MAF because of sedimentation

• Pakistan will lose more capacity to store water by up to 37 percent (5.95MAF) in 2025

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Per Capita Storage Capacity

• United States… the per capita storage capacity stands at 6,150 cubic meters

• Australia 5,000 cubic meters • but in Pakistan it is just 132 cubic meters

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Climate of Pakistan-Dr. Hanif (Pak Met Dept)Rainfall Distribution

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Pakistan’s Climate

Pakistan is historically prone to Extreme Weather Events/Disasters, such asHeavy Rains/River Flooding Torrential Rain/Flash FloodingUrban FloodingSnow-melt FloodingCyclones/Coastal FloodingIn Pakistan, more than 70% Extreme Weather Events are associated with Monsoon Season

Monsoons

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Weather Systems

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Weather Systems

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Newly Emerged TracksMonsoon Weather Systems: 2010, 2011, 2012

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Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall ShiftMONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1961-1990)

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Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall ShiftMONSOON – Rainfall Distribution (1991-2010)

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Monsoonal Weather Systems – Rainfall ShiftMONSOON – Rainfall Trend (Westward Shift)

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Future Trends in Pakistan

• Decrease in glacier volume/snow cover • alterations in the seasonal flow pattern of the Indus

River System (IRS)• Increased annual flows for a few decades• followed by decline in flows in subsequent years• Increase in the formation and outburst of glacial lakes

(GLOF)• Higher frequency and intensity of extreme climate

events coupled with irregular monsoon rains causing frequent floods and droughts

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Water Tankers Situation in Karachi