club fungus diversity
Post on 25-Feb-2016
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Club Fungus Diversity
Club Fungus Diversity
Club Fungus Diversity
2Mushroom Fairy Ring
Fungal InteractionsMany fungi live in symbiotic relationships that may be parasitic or mutually beneficial with other species.LichensSymbiotic relationship between fungi and single-celled green algae or cyanobacteriaDescribed as fungi that have learned to gardenFungal member tends to the photosynthetic algae or bacteria by providing shelter and protection from harsh environments
LichensPhotosynthetic organism produces food for itself and some is consumed by the fungusSome fungal species consume up to 90% of food producedIs it really a mutually beneficial relationship?Some fungal hyphae penetrate their algal symbiontsLichens
dispersal fragment (cells of fungus and of photosynthetic species)outer layer of fungal cellsphotosynthetic speciesinner layer of loosely woven hyphaeouter layer of fungal cellsLichensAre tough and self-sufficientCan inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, Arctic, bare rockGrow slowlyArctic colonies grow 1-2 inches every 1000 yearsSome thought to be over 4000 years oldLichens
MycorrhizaeSymbiotic relationship between fungi and plant rootsOver 5000 species of michorrhizal fungi including representatives of all the major groups of fungiAbout 80% of plants with roots have michorrhizal associationsMycorrhizaeHelp feed plantsFungi receive photosynthetically produced sugar molecules from the plant which is passed from its roots to the fungiFungi digests and absorbs minerals and organic nutrients from the soil and passes these to the plant (i.e. phosphorous and nitrogen)Fungi also absorb water that is passed to the plantMycorrhizae
Plant with and without mycorrhizae fungi
Mycorrhizae on the roots of pinesBenefits of MycorrhizaeJuniper seedlings without and with mycorrhizae
13EndophytesFungi that live inside plant stems and leavesMay be parasitic or beneficialSome ascomycete species live inside leaf cells of many species of grassFungi produce substances that are distasteful or toxic to insects and grazing mammalsTherefore aid in protecting the grass
Rye grass with (right) and without (left) endophyteFungi are Important RecyclersAble to digest lignin and cellulose which are molecules that make up woodAre necessary for decomposing woody remainsAlso important for consuming dead material from all the kingdomsSaprophytes which feed on dead organisms break down decomposing materials returning substances back to the soil
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