clusters and cluster policy in europe orjan solvell

Clusters and Cluster Policy inEurope

Lisbon 2010: Challenges for EuropeanRegional Innovation Strategies

Pamplona 20-21 November 2008

Professor Örjan Sölvell

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1.EU and Cluster Policy

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

33.The European Cluster Observatorry

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http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

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http://europa.eu/index_en.htm

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“The most dynamic and competitiveknowledge-

based economy in the world capable of

sustainable economic growth with moreand

better jobs and greater social cohesion,and

The Lisbon Strategy

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Competitiveness

Enterprise &Industry

Clusters

EU and Clusters – Three PolicyAreas

Competitiveness

Regions

Clusters

Competitiveness

Research

Clusters

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Critical Parts of the Lisbon Strategy:

•Research (ERA, 3% of GDP 2010, FP 7,European Research Council)

•Intellectual Property (EU Patent)•Competition (Internal market)•Public-private cooperation (European TechnologyPlatforms)•Innovation (EIT, Lead market, CIP)•Supporting SMEs

EU and Lisbon StrategyCompetitiveness

Innovation

Clusters

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First meeting by DG Enterprise in Luxembourg in2003 – Focus on clusters

Several studies around the time of accession of EU-10 countries: Phase I = map clusters of EasternEurope, 2004/2005

Competitiveness

Innovation

Clusters

EEU and Clusters2003-

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22.4. Promoting cooperation between stakeholdersBeing part of a cluster is an important competitive strength forbusiness. Clusters help toclose the gap between business, research and resources,thereby bringing knowledge faster tothe market. Successful clusters promote intense competitionalong with co-operation. Theyenhance productivity, attract investment, promote research,strengthen the industrial base, anddevelop specific products or services and become a focus fordeveloping skills. World-classclusters attract brilliant minds that sustain innovation – SiliconValley is the best-known example.

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSIONTO THE COUNCIL, THEEUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEANECONOMIC AND SOCIALCOMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THEREGIONS

Putting knowledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU

Innovation Strategy2006

Innovation + Clusters = True

The Aho Report

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Database part of Europe INNOVA/PROINNO/Cluster Alliance: Phase II = EuropeanCluster Observatory, 2007

Stockholm January 2008 (Chair:Slovenia/Sweden)

Sophia Antipolis November 2008 (Chair France)

Need for better informed policies – number ofcluster programs and cluster initiatives growingrapidly - European Cluster Memorandum 4 x 5Principles, 2008

New call in 20099-2012 under CIP: Phase III

EU and Clusters 2008CCentral to Lisbon Strategy

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• Europe is not narrowing the innovationgap to the U.S.

• Innovation takes place in clusters.• Europe can build world-class clusters

througha) pushing the internal market,b) strengthening the generalenvironment for research andinnovationc) strengthen cluster programs andinitiativesd) and forming European-wideprograms for transnational clusterinteraction.

• Many EU initiatives have beenlaunched:DG Enterprise, DG Science, DG Regio,and

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• Now we need an innovationand cluster strategy!

• We need better and deeperinformation through theCluster Observatory!

• And we need a Europeanhigh-level Advisory andMonitoring Group forInnovation and Clusters!

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CCluster policy group

-AAround 20 peoplePolicy, industry, experts

-SSecretariat

EEuropean Cluster Observatory-NNew data and analysis-PPlatform for SMEs

CCluster Academy-Training of cluster

managers-Cert i f icat ion

CCluster Networks-EEnergy-EECO-innovation-BBiotech

EEuropean Cluster Alliance-IINNO-Net-TThink tank

-PPolicy learning-CContinue to promote the Memorandum

EU (DG Entr) and Clusters2009-

Cluster Construction – TopDown

EU

Nations

Regions

Local Communities

The EU RoleThe EU RolePolicy forClusters1. Single Market2. Trade3. Competition4. Science5. InnovationCluster Policy1. Inspire clusterinitiatives2. Fact-basedpolicy/evaluation3. Cluster networking4. Cluster managertraining5. Policy learning

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Cluster Construction – Bottom-upOrganic Clusters Planned Cluster

Public bodies

Industry

Research andEducationOrg. for

collaboration

Clusterinitiatives

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Cluster Initiatives

IIntelligent VehicleSafety Systems – IVSS:

SaabVolvoVolvo CarsScaniaVägverketScandinavian AutomotiveSuppliersInvest in Sweden AgencyVinnova

AAutomotiveCrash Research – SAFER:

Chalmers UniversityVinnovaAutomotive firms

Public-Private-Academic Organized Efforts:

1 . Human Resources2 . Cluster expansion3 . Commercial cooperation4 . Business development5 . Innovation & technology6 . Business environment

17Moskva City - ______-____Wall Street

Organic Clusters Planned Clusters

?

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ClustersBalancing Evolutionary and Constructive Forces

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1.EU and Clusters

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

33.The European Cluster Observatorry

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Clusters = Innovation

R2 = 0.357

3

4

5

6

7

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0 1 2 3 4

Region's cluster strength

Region'spatenting

level

Each region�s number of cluster stars (log) vs its number of patents (log), adjusting for country-level differences other than cluster strength.Source: The European Cluster Observatory

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Clusters

SLACSLACStanforStanfordd

CupertinoCupertino

Palo AltoPalo AltoMenloMenloParkPark

Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers• Related industries• SMEs• Services

Industry:• Buyers• Suppliers•• SMEs• Services

Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels

Finance:• Banks• Venture Capital• Business angels

Public bodies:Regional authorities

• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges

Tech transfer offices• Laboratories

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Public bodies:•Regional authorities

• AgenciesUniversity:• Colleges

Tech transfer offices• Laboratories

Organisations for Collaboration:Formal and informal networks

Trade associationsCluster organisations

Media

••

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CERN and Geneva SLAC and Silicon Valley

CERNCERN GenevGenevaa SLACSLACStanfordStanford

CupertinoCupertino

Palo AltoPalo Alto

Menlo ParkMenlo Park

GenevGenevaa

PregnyPregny

GenthoGenthodd

AnnemasseAnnemasse

R&D R&DInnovation &

Clusters

+

2323

xxxx

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR):18 members (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czec

Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, RomanSlovakia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vietnam)

Founded 1956

8 laboratories and university centers

5,500 staff + 1,200 researchers (>1,000 PhDs)

Free Economic Zone:Registered 2,000 start-ups in 2 years – no international success so farNew state corporation for nano-technology (5.5 billion USD)

JINRJINR

JINR and Dubna

ScienceR&D

Innovationand Clusters

?

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R&D andScience

Innovationand Clusters

CompetitiveFirms

Europe needs to shift focus fromR&D and Science to

Innovation and Clusters

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1.EU and Clusters

2.Science – Innovation – Clusters

33.The European Cluster Observatorry

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Clust

erpolic

y

Clust

erpolic

y

Cluster data

Cluster data

Cluster

maps

Cluster

maps

Clust

erorg

anisa

tions

Clust

erorg

anisa

tions

European Cluster Observatorywww.clusterobservatory.eu

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Statistical Cluster MappingStar Map

Clustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

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Star ClustersSize

Specialisation

Focus

Out of ~ 10,000 potential clusters inEurope:

~ 1.300 One-star clusters

~ 500 Two-star clusters

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Cluster Organisation MapClustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

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Karlstad – Pulp and Paper

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Cluster Organisation Table

Innovation and Clusters 32

Adding New Members….Clustermapping

Clusterpolicy

Clusterlibrary

Clusterorgs

Thank you!

www.clusterobservatory.eu