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CMFRI Data Collection System
for Marine Fish Landings Estimation
Dr. T.V. SathianandanPrincipal Scientist & Head
Fishery Resources Assessment Division
ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Kochi - 682018
M FR IC
51.3% pelagic
29.9% demersal
12.2% crustacean
6.6% mollusc
MAJOR RESOURCES 2016(lakh tonnes)
Oil sardine 2.45
Indian mackerel 2.41
Cephalopods 2.31
Penaeid prawns 2.04
Ribbon fishes 2.00
Lesser sardines 1.87
Threadfin breams 1.66
Croakers 1.66
Other perches 1.62
Non-penaeid prawns 1.58
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
Lan
din
gs i
n la
kh t
on
nes
Marine Fish Landings 6068 kmCoastline
9 Maritime states
2 Union Territories
31.9%North-west
30.6%South-west
11.0%North-east
26.4%South-east
Motorised
17.5%Mechanised
81%Non-
motorized
1.5%
3.63 million tonnes in 2016
Marine Capture Fisheries - Fishery Resource Monitoring
Why monitoring of resources ?
Marine fisheries resources are invisible, frequently
migrating and easily affected by the changes in the sea.
These characteristics make it unique and complex and
hence difficult to monitor, manage and intervene.
Productivity of the seas
The availability of fish at given point of time
The fishing effort expended
Accessibility and vulnerability of the resources
A number of natural factors
Monitoring and assessment of marine fisheries resources - Role of CMFRI
During the first half of the seven decades of itsexistence, the CMFRI devoted its research attentiontowards
the estimation of marine fisheries landings and effort, taxonomy of marine organisms and the bio-economic characteristics of the exploited stocks of finfish
and shellfish.
Open Access Regime
Monitoring and Assessment of Marine Fishery Resources
5
Essential requirements for assessing the exploited stock
Information on
catch
effort
biological aspects
socio-economic aspects
Marine Fisheries Data Collection
1947Initiated the process ofcollection of data on marinefish catch, effort, biologicalparameters etc.
1959Initiated marine fish landingsdata collection along the westcoast through stratifiedmultistage sampling design
1957
Pilot surveys along the Malabarcoast by IASRI based on a threestage stratified sampling
1961The stratified multistagerandom sampling design for theentire coast became operational
India is one among few countries where a system based on sampling theory is used to collect marine fish catch statistics.
Sampling scheme evaluated by independent statistical experts (NIO)
1972
Why Sampling ?
Fish landings take place all along the coast line in
1341 landing centres including fisheries harbours
during day and night through out the year
In 2016, there were 72,93,000 boat trips in the
landing centres to be enumerated for arriving at
exact landings figure.
We require 4,86,000 man days/year for complete
enumeration
A scientifically valid sampling scheme is the only
feasible way for estimating fish landings and
fishing effort
number of species
Species diversity
Northeast
17
Southeast
87
Northwest
39
118
21
86
Southwest
139
147 21
16
72
13
Regionwise distribution of species (count)
19
13
Input for assessing the status of exploited marine fishery resources of Indian EEZ through the
in-house research projects of the Institute
Estimation of Potential Yield and Optimum Fleet Size for each maritime state as part of
revalidation of Potential Yield for the committee constituted by Ministry of Agriculture
Preparation of trawl ban policy for the committee constituted by Ministry of Agriculture
Formulate replies for starred questions raised in Parliament and State Legislative Assembly.
Inputs for research activities of Students and Researchers of other Institutes and Universities.
Data dissemination to different organizations on demand for planning and developmental
activities along the coastal region.
Access of daily catch and price information to public through FishWatch available in
www.cmfri.org.in
Effective utilization of CMFRI data
Strong statistical footing
Carried out by an unbiased research agency ensuring uniformity and consistency
Full fledged methodological review mechanism with major relooks as and when required
Enumeration is carried out by trained dedicated staff with expertise in species identification
Information collected at individual species level and stored in database for fast and easy retrieval
As multi-species and multi-gear fishery prevailing in India, Log sheet system of data collection followed in temperate regions are not feasible.
Advantages of the data collection system
Stratified Multistage Random Sampling Design
Time
Edit Here
Edit HereSpaceSpaceSpace
Stratification
Landing
Centres
Fishing
Zones
Maritime
States
Regions
All India
Month
Year
Stratification over Space
Sampling is performed within geographical
areas referred as fishing zones
Varying number of fish landing centres fall
under fishing zones
Single centre zones - Landing centres with
relatively high intensity of fishing activity
Criteria for stratification within fishing zones
variation in fishing intensity
type of fishing craft and fishing method
Number of fishing crafts
Single Centre
Major Centres – Stratum I
Minor Centres –
Stratum II
Fishing zone
01
02
03
04
05
06
Type of Crafts
Fishing Effort
Species wise catch
Fishing Ground
Gears operated
Other details
Recording of Fish Landings
Species identification
from headquarters
WORK Programme
Work programme schedules for data collection are send every month from HQ to field staff.Data received is centrally processed at HQ.
Headquarters, Kochi
11 Regional Research Centres
17 Field Centres
Data quality check through periodic field inspections
Single Centre
57%
Marine Fish Landings
31%Minor Landing Centres
Single centre
zones
Major
centresMinor centres
West Bengal 158 3 57 2.68 1.77
Odisha 480 5 58 1.49 1.79 3.03
Andhra Pradesh 974 14 233 7.03 2.32 2.16
Tamil Nadu 1076 18 398 2.88 1.37 0.97
Puducherry 45 1 25
Kerala 590 10 189 8.69 3.51
Karnataka 300 7 92 7.57 2.04
Goa 104 2 34 3.11
Maharashtra 720 8 158 6.78 1.30 0.96
Gujarat 1600 6 92 2.69 5.15 1.08
Damen & Diu 21 1 5 1.4
Total 6068 75 1341 5.30 2.35 1.77
Error % 5 - 8 15 - 20 12 - 18
&
Sampling Error
Sampling coverage
National Marine Fisheries Data Centre Individual species level estimates on landings
Fishing gear/craft wise landings & fishing effort
Fishing zone, district, state, region, national resolutions
Monthly estimates for every year
Historic information from 1950 onwards
NMFDC
05All India04
Regions
403States+ UTs
9 + 2 02Districts
3301Fishing zones
75
Mechanised
Motorised
Non-motorised
PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
Database - Estimated Marine Fish Landings and Fishing Effort
Webpage
Database
Web based application software for
online data collection and estimation of landings
Developed web application for online data entry
from landings centers using electronic tablets
and centralized processing and retrieval of
marine fish landings data at headquarters
through the database server.
Issue of multiple estimates of marine fish landings in India
“Discrepancies have been observed between the reported FAO catch statistics and national data presented by the CMFRI”
Comparison of India’s official (“Supplied to FAO”) and national catch statistics (CMFRI; dashed line) from 1950-2010, with previously estimated marine catch (dark solid line labelled “Bhathal (2005)”) from 1950-2005 (Bhathal 2005b).
Suggested Options
1. The marine fish landings estimates made by CMFRI maybe recognized as the national statistics and the current data collection from the maritime states is dispensed off
• CMFRI will provide all necessary data to DOFs for their use and dissemination to DADF
• The State’s data collection mechanism be devoted for inland fisheries and aquaculture which is currently inadequate
2. The CMFRI plans and supervises the data collection of the DOFs leading to a single data collection system and estimate with higher taxonomic resolution – several logistic problems are foreseeable
THANK
YOU
Time
strata
Days in a month
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Selection of Primary Stage Units
29
A month is divided into
3 groups, each of 10
days.
From the first five days
of a month, a day is
selected at random,
Then, the next 5
consecutive days are
automatically selected.
Time
strata
Days in a month
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
3 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Selection of Primary Stage Units
30
From this, three clusters of
two consecutive days are
formed.
In the remaining ten day
groups, the clusters are
systematically selected with
an interval of 10 days.
Period Duration
Period 1 1200 to 1800 hours on 1st day
Period 2 0600 to 1200 hours on 2nd day
Period 3 1800 hours to next morning 0600 hours
`
Period of Observation
31
Not practical to record the catches of all
fishing units (boats) landed
Selection of Second Stage Units
32
Sampling of the units becomes essential
Primary Stage Unit
Landing centre daySecond Stage Unit
Fishing boats
Fishing unit - Secondary stage unit
Number of boats landed Fraction to be observed
Less than or equal to 15 100 %
Between 16 and 19 First 10 and the balance 50 %
Between 20 and 29 1 in 2
Between 30 and 39 1 in 3
Between 40 and 49 1 in 4
Between 50 and 59 1 in 5 and so on
33
NMFDC
05All India04
Regions
403States+ UTs
9 + 2 02Districts
3301Fishing zones
75
Mechanised
Motorised
Non-motorised
PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus
`Distribution of the landing centres over the coastline of maritime states
DistrictLength of Coastline( in km)
Number of landing centres
Thiruvananthapuram 78 52
Kollam 37 19
Alappuzha 82 14
Ernakulam 46 19
Thrissur 54 23
Malappuram 70 12
Kozhikode 71 21
Kannur 82 12
Kasaragod 70 16
Total 590 188
35
Replace table –with state-wise
info
36
Forms used
37
38
39
40
Coverage (%)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Major Centres Others
3
3
8
6
7
3
7
2
2
3
SAMPLING
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