cobalt - blood chemistry
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Cobalt
By: Mary Joy Ching
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Trace Elements they are metallic or non-metallic
minerals
also known as micronutrients and arefound only in minute quantities in thebody yet they are vitally important.
Ex. Iron Copper Zinc
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Ultratrace Elements is a chemical element that normally
comprises less than one microgram per gram of a given organism.
Ex. Cobalt Chromium Fluoride Manganese Molybdenum Selenium
Iodine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgram -
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Cobalt
a trace element mineral whose mainfunction is in vitamin B12
is found in all cells but occurs in largequantities in bone marrow where it isrequired for the production of red bloodcells.
it was thought that cobalt in humans wasfound only as a constituent of vitamin B12(cobalamin )
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Cobalt
It is an integral part of Vitamin B12(cobalamin), which is necessary for myelinformation
an insulating layer found around nerves,to supports red blood cell production,and it is also essential for themetabolism of fats, carbohydrates, thesynthesis of proteins, and theconversion of folate to its active form.
The average adult body contains: 2 to 5 mg of Vitamin B12
usually found in the liver.
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Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin with a key role inthe normal functioning of
Brain Nervous system
Erythropoiesis It is normally involved in the metabolism of
every cell of the body DNA regulation and synthesis Fatty acid synthesis Cyanocobalamin is an especially common
vitamer of the B-12 vitamin family .
Famous among the vitamer family
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin -
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Recommendation
No RDA or Estimated Safe and
Adequate Daily Dietary Intake hasbeen set for cobalt.
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Dietary Source Dietary sources of cobalt are the same as vitaminB12, such as
fermented foods where the bacteria producethe vitamin
Organ meats are the best source of vitaminB12 (liver, kidney, heart, and pancreas),
Seafood (clams, oysters) extra-lean beef Eggs Milk Yogurt Chicken Cheese miso (a fermented soybean product).
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Clinical Manifestation Vitamin B 12 deficiency is associated with
hematologic, neurologic, and psychiatricmanifestations
common cause of Normochromic macrocytic Megaloblastic
anemia pancytopenia.
Paresthesias Peripheral neuropathy Demyelination of corticospinal tract and
the dorsal column
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Reference Value
0.11 0.45 ug/ml
Toxicity Characteristic Gastrointestinal
Function Cardiomyopathy
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Others
Since the primary sources of vitaminB12 in the diet are animal products
vegetarians have a high risk of developing B12 deficiency.
Therefore, it is recommended tosupplement in order to prevent thevitamin B12 deficiency.
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Intrinsic factor is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach
. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 Pernicious anemia
is a form of megaloblastic anemia due tovitamin B-12 deficiency , caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B-12 due to the immune destruction of intrinsic factor in the setting of atrophic gastritis , and more specifically of loss
of gastric parietal cells . Megaloblastic anemia
is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) which results frominhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. [1] This is often due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid .
Folic acid and folate are forms of the water-soluble vitamin B9 , essential to
numerous bodily functions ranging from nucleotide biosynthesis to the re methylation of homocysteine . It isespecially important during periods of rapid cell division and
growth .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B-12_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-solublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitaminshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocysteinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_vitaminshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-solublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocytic_anaemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic_gastritishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_factorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B-12_deficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaloblastic_anemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein
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