colombia editor seminar
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7/31/2019 Colombia Editor Seminar
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Editor Seminar in Journal Publishing
Attaining Excellence in Scholarly CommunicationPresented by: Rose Olthof, Strategy & Business Development Manager, Science & Technology Journals
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Agenda
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of Scientific Journals
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Agenda
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing• The start of journal publishing
• The role of publishing
• The journal workflow
• Elsevier in publishing
• Trends in Scholarly Communication
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
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Scientific communication: a long time ago
• Informal• Local• Minimal archive
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Henry Oldenburg (1618-1677)
• Born in Germany
• Resident in London from 1652
• Indefatigable correspondent withmajor scientists of his day
• Appointed (joint) Secretary to theRoyal Society in 1663
• Created (as editor and commercialpublisher) the first scientific journalin 1665
• Philosophical Transactions of theRoyal Society
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Journal makes its entry
Significant improvement
in scientific communication:
• Registration• Validation
• Dissemination• Archive
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“natural philosophy”
mathematics, astronomy, physics,
chemistry, botany, zoology, medicine
many hundreds of
specialized fields
First journals
hundred journals
thousand journals
23 thousand journals
1665
1800
1900
2000s
Differentiation/Fragmentation
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Relationship of Journals & Researcher Growth
More researchers more journals
0.8
1.2
1.6
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
I n d e x ( 1 9 8
1 = 1 . 0
0 )
US r&d workers
journals
articles
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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/colombia-editor-seminar 9/1309ACCEPTANCE AS FACT
CRITICAL EVALUATION
COMMUNICATION
OBSERVATION
Private Co-workers Invisible college Speciality Discipline Public
research
Peer reviewed paper
in a journal
monograph historytextbook
reference
workprizes
Science
journalism
1st draftSeminar/workshop/conferenceDraft
for
comment
Draft
mss
Create
Discuss
& revisit
Criticism
Formal
public
evaluation
Formal
confirmation
Acceptance
& integration
The long way from research to public acceptance
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What do modern researchers want as authors?
• Register a discovery as theirs and made by them on acertain date
• Assert ownership and achieve priority
Registration
• Get their research (and by implication, themselves) quality
stamped by publication in a journal of known quality• Establish a reputation, and get reward
Validation
• Let their peers know what they have done• Attract recognition and collaboration
Dissemination
• Leave a permanent record of their research• Renown, immortality
Archive
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Elsevier has a long history of scientific publishing
The Publishing House of Elzevir was first establishedin 1580 by Lowys (Louis) Elzevir at the University of
Leiden, Holland
Among those authors who published with Elsevier are,Galileo, Erasmus, Descartes, Alexander Fleming, JuliusVerne
Keeping to the tradition of publishing established by LowysElzevir, Jacobus George Robbers established the modernElsevier Company in 1880
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But there are thousands of scientific publishers
23,000
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Examples of our 2,000 journal titles
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Elsevier’s Journal Program today
• Over 2,000 journals spread over two divisions; Science & Technology and HealthSciences
• S&T Journals managed by 5 publishing groups, each specializing in a cluster of subjectareas
• Each publishing group contains a number of journal portfolios specific to adiscipline/community, e.g. Computational Intelligence. There are 84 journal portfolios in
total.• In the past, I managed the journals in High Energy & Nuclear Physics and Astronomy
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Article Share
Share of Journal Articles Published
~1.2 million English language research
articles published globally
Our Scientific Disciplines
220,000+ English language research
articles published with Elsevier S&T Journals
Life sciences
Materials Science &Engineering
Chemistry & ChemicalEngineering
Physics
Maths & computer science
Social Sciences
Earth Sciences
EnvironmentalSciences
Elsevier
Springer
Wiley-Blackwell
ACSTaylor & Francis
Wolters Kluwer AIP
IEEE
APS
Others
26%
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Solicit and
manage
submissions
Manage
peer review
Production
Publish and
disseminate
Edit and
prepare
Archive and
promote
use
The Elsevier Journal Publishing Cycle
• 30 Million
Researchers
• 180+ countries
• 4,500+ institutions• 480 million+
downloads per year
• 7,000 editors
•70,000 editorial board
members
• 300,000 reviewers
• 1.6 million referee
reports/yr
• 600,000 authors
• 6.5 million author/publisher
communications / year
• 40 – 90% of
articles rejected• 9.8 million articles
now available
• 250,000 new articles produced each year
• 185 years of back issues scanned, processed and data-tagged
•1,000 new editors per year•18 new journals per year
• 800,000+ article submissions per year
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Trends in publishing
• Rapid conversion from “print” to “electronic”◦ 1997: print only
◦ 2005: 40% e-only (many e-collections)30% print only30% print-plus-electronic
• Changing role of “journals” due to e-access• Increased usage of articles, at lower cost per article
• Electronic submission◦ Increased manuscript inflow
• Experimentation with new publishing models◦ E.g. “author pays” models, “delayed open access”, DeepDyve, etc.
• Experimentation with new peer review models◦ PLoS ONE, open peer review, PeerChoice, etc.
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Online submission and publication is the norm
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Newest tools: citation tracking and bibliometrics
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Elsevier peer review experiments
Neuroscience Peer Review Consortium
(NPRC)• Enable the sharing of review reports between
journals (at the author’s request) to run a moreefficient and fast peer review process overall
• 37 journals in neuroscience across publishers andsocieties participate
• Current uptake low (1-2%), pilot continues
Reviewer Mentorship Programme
• An educational programme for postgraduate students to become certified article reviewers, based on aproven need for more reviewers, guidance on reviewing papers, and a common reviewing standard
• Programme consists of three phases
• Reviewer workshop (local or virtual)
• Traineeship in which trainee performs a number of reviews for an editor, under the supervision of amentor
• Graduation and certification
• Pilot is running in biology and pharmacology areas
Host &
monitor
Submitreviews
Copy of assignments
Keep informed
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3-D imaging
technologies
Semantic webtechnologies
Geographicalimage search
Newest tools: imaging, discovery
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Newest tools: Article of the Future
Traditional article structure
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Newest tools: Article of the Future
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Newest tools: Article of the Future
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Newest tools: Article of the Future
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Agenda
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
• Article output
• Citations
• Regional ranking
• Use of online resources
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
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Article publishing in Colombia
Articles published Citations received
% Articles published with another country Total citations & self citations
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Publishing Colombian Research
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Publication spread over discipline
Medicine
Agri & Biol
Phys & Astr.
BGMB
I&M
Neuro
Envir. Science
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Regional publication growth comparison
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Regional ranking
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Global S&T output (1996-2008)
2008 only
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Gl b l t d P d ti it I i f ll i
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Source: Outsell’s Buyer Market Database & Dr Carol Tenopir, UTK
Scientists can now spend more time analyzing information than gathering it
Compared to print-only era
• Scientists now read 25%+ more articles per year
• Scientists now read from almost twice as many journals
Time SpentGathering
Time SpentAnalyzing
58%
42%
48%
52%
55%
45%
45%
55%
56%
44%
42%
58%
54%
46%
58%
42%
56%
44%
51%
49%
56%
44%
47%
53%
2001 2005Fin/HR/Legal
2001 2005Sci/Eng
2001 2005Mfg/Purch
2001 2005Total
2001 2005IT
2001 2005Sales/Mktg
Global trends - Productivity Increasing following“p to e-migration”
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0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
FTA Downloads on ScienceDirect
* This represents usage on Elsevier’s e-journal and e-book platform ScienceDirect,
which may represent well over 50% of the total usage in Colombia
Colombian Usage growth on ScienceDirect*
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I di ti f l ti b t f t t
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Indications of correlation between use of e-contentand research output
35 35
U i i C ll L d d fi l i
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University College London study confirms strong correlationbetween e-journal usage, research output and funding in the UK
“Electronic Journals: Their use value and impact.” Research Information Network Report . April 2009
“Doubling in
downloads, from 1
to 2 million, isstatistically
associated withdramatic - but not
necessarily causal -increases in
researchproductivity”
Papers up 207%PhD awards up
168%Research grants
and contractincome up 324%
Even stronger asdownloads increase
further36
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Contribution from access to content (scholarly communication) is relativelyundervalued in creating competitive research institutions
Talented Researchers
ScholarlyCommunication
Laboratories,Facilities
High
Performance Research
Engine
We can collaboratively demonstrate the importance of scholarlycommunication and the added value of e-Resources to a universities’
productivity and ability to attract funding
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Agenda
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
• Country bibiometrics
• Institutional bibliometrics• Journal bibliometrics
o Impact Factor
o Eigen factor
o SCImago Journal Rank
o Source-Normalized Impact per Paper
• Personal bibliometrics
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
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Bibliometrics at the Country level
Why?
• Share of international funding (e.g. EU)
• Competitive position
• Attracting talent
How?
Countries measure
• Publications
• Citations
• Graduates• Patents
• R&D investment
• Top-ranked universities
• Ranking compared to other countries
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Assessment often highly based on publications and
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Analysing research strength vis-a-vis growing research areas based on data
Assessment often highly based on publications andcitations
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Government and funding agencies use pub and
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Government and funding agencies use pub andcitation data
2
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES USE SCOPUS DATA
• KISTI is using ScopusCustom Data to analyze thetrend of science & technologywith bibliometric method and
the status of international jointresearch activities. KISTIfound that Scopus coversmore comprehensive
coverage than WOS and
has well-organized datastructure, for example, goodmapping between authors andtheir institutions
• iFQ is using Scopus CustomData to quantify Germanresearch output and evaluatethe global impact. “We will
work with Scopus for thedepth and international
breadth of its citationdatabase,” Professor Stefan
Hornbostel of iFQ.
• “The analytical capabilities
that the content provides willhelp us achieve our mission ofsupporting the Germanscience system with carefullyexamined and relevant
information feeding intopolicies that will allowGermany to continue to be aglobal scientific leader.”
• The Australian ResearchCouncil (ARC) uses Scopuscitation information for theExcellence in Research for
Australia (ERA) initiative.Professor Sheil said. “ERA willevaluate research inAustralian higher education
institutions using acombination of indicators andexpert review." When selectingScopus, the ARC regarded thecoverage of relevantjournals and potential costs
to the sector." The Scopus
team will work directly withinstitutions, to matchpublication records with uniquearticle identifiers in the Scopusdatabase.”
Scopus endorsed
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Bibliometrics at the University level
Why ?
• Funding
• Competitive position (students, funding)
How?
Universities Measure
• Publication
• Citations
• Students
• Graduates• Funding
• Ranking compared to other universities
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For universities: pubs and citations=$ and rankings
4
55%
Scopus
45%
Not Scopus
LEADING RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RELY
ON SCOPUS
CanadaMcGill University20
JapanUniversity of Tokyo19
USUniversity of Michigan18
USStanford University17
AustraliaAustralian National University16
USCornell University15 USDuke University13
USJohns Hopkins University13
USPrinceton University12
USUniversity of Pennsylvania11
USColumbia University10
Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology
University of Chicago
University College LondonImperial College London
California Institute of Technology
University of Oxford
University of Cambridge
Yale University
Harvard University
Name of Institute
US9
US8
UK7 UK6
US5
UK4
UK3
US2
US1
2008Rank
Country Top 20 Ranked Universities, 2008
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Visualising specific institutional strength based on data
Universities use pub and citation data
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Metrics Universities are assessing
Based on data45
Scopus: coverage per discipline compared to
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Scopus: coverage per discipline compared tocompetition
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Scopus covers “local” content for local audiences
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Bibliometrics at the Journal level
There are multiple ways to assess journals
Subjective methods
• Reputation
• Local interest
• Core audience
“Objective” methods
• Impact Factor
• SCImago journal Ranking (SJR)• Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
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Wh i h I F (IF)?
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Impact Factor
[the average annual number of citations per article published]
For example, the 2009 impact factor for a journal would be calculated as follows:
• A = the number of times articles published in 2007 and 2008 were cited in indexed journalsduring 2009
• B = the number of "citable items" (usually articles, reviews, proceedings or notes; not editorials
and letters-to-the-Editor) published in 2007 and 2008
• 2008 impact factor = A/B
• e.g. 600 citations = 2
150 + 150 articles
What is the Impact Factor (IF)?
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I t F t d th bibli t i t
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Impact Factor and other bibliometric parameters
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I t F t
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• The Impact Factor measures all citations (numerator), irrespective of article types• Abstracts, Editorials and Letters have positive effects on the Impact Factor
• The Source Item count (denominator) includes only Research Articles, Reviewsand Notes
• All types of self-citations are included
Impact Factor
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I t F t P d C
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Impact Factor Pros and Cons
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I t F t P d C
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Impact Factor Pros and Cons
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S bj t A I fl I t F t
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Subject Area Influence on Impact Factors
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I t F t P d C
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Impact Factor Pros and Cons
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B d th i t f t t i
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Beyond the impact factor: new metrics
• Eigen Factor
• SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
• Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
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Eigen Factor
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Eigen Factor
•Developed by Carl Bergstrom in 2007 to address some of the weaknesses of theimpact factor
• “We can view the Eigenfactor score of a journal as a rough estimate of how often a
journal will be used by scholars”
• Uses algorithms to assess importance of each journal (like Google page rank)
• 5 year window (IF is 2)• Allows citation behavior to set fields, not pre-set fields
• Counts all citations, regardless of source
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Pros and Cons
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Pros and Cons
Pros
• Free
• Ranks more than journal articles
• Like SJR, scores based on ranking
Cons• Very large journals will have extremely high Eigenfactor scores simply based upon their
size
• “Citations” not necessarily articles (peer review article? Editorial? Tabloid?)
• Does not promote cross discipline comparison
• Does not differentiate “negative” citations
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New metrics are now available
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New metrics are now available
How are these calculated
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SJR
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SJR
• SCImago Journal Rank, is a measure of the scientific prestige of scholarly
sources.
• High-prestige citations count more than low-prestige sources
• SJR assigns relative scores to all of the sources in a citation network. Its
methodology is inspired by the Google PageRank algorithm, in that not all citations
are equal. A source transfers its own 'prestige', or status, to another source throughthe act of citing it.
• A citation from a source with a relatively high SJR is worth more than a citation
from a source with a lower SJR.
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SJR
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SJR
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SJR pros and cons
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SJR pros and cons
Pros
• Differentiates between prestige of citations
• Free (via Scopus) to subscribers and non-subscribers
• Only peer reviewed articles count as cited or citing (transparent sources)
Cons
• More difficult to explain/understand than IF
• Does not allow comparisons between disciplines
• Does not differentiate “negative” citations
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SNIP
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SNIP
• Source Normalized Impact per Paper measures a source's contextual citation
impact.
• Addresses differences in citation behavior between fields.
• It takes into account characteristics of the source's subject field, especially the
frequency at which authors cite other papers in their reference lists, the speed at
which citation impact matures, and the extent to which the database used in theassessment covers the field’s literature.
• SNIP is the ratio of a source's average citation count per paper, and the 'citation
potential' of its subject field.
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SNIP
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SNIP
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SNIP pros and cons
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SNIP pros and cons
Pros
• Does not disadvantage smaller or slower-moving fields
• Free (via Scopus) to subscribers and non-subscribers
• Only peer reviewed articles count as cited or citing (transparent sources)
Cons
• More difficult to explain/understand than IF
• Does not differentiate between prestige of citations
• Does not differentiate “negative” citations
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Key features of SJR and SNIP
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Key features of SJR and SNIP
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Comparing the ranking of top journals
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Bibliometrics at the individual level – the H-index
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Bibliometrics at the individual level – the H-index
• Measure proposed in 2005 by the physicist Jorge E. Hirsch.
• Rates a scientist’s performance based on their career publications, as measured by thelifetime number of citations each article receives.
• Depends on both quantity (number of publications) and quality (number of citations) of ascientist’s publications.
• Official definition: “A scientist has index h if h of their N papers have at least h citationseach, and the other (N – h) papers have no more than h citations each.”
• Translation of definition: If you list all a scientist’s publications in descending order of the
number of citations received to date, their h-index is the highest number of their papers,h, that have each received at least h citations. So, their h-index is 10 if 10 papers haveeach received at least 10 citations; their h-index is 81 if 81 papers have each receivedat least 81 citations. Their h-index is 1 if all of their papers have each received 1citation, but also if only 1 of all their papers has received any citations – and so on..
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H-index
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H-index
71Copyright ©2005 by the National Academy of Sciences
Fig. 1. Schematic curve of number of citations versus paper number, with papers numbered in order ofdecreasing citations. The intersection of the 45°line with the curve gives h. The total number of citations is thearea under the curve.
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Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
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Manuel Elkin Patarroyo
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Finding M E Patarroyo’s H-index
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H = 38
Finding M. E. Patarroyo s H index
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Pros and Cons
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Pros and Cons
Pros
• Based on citations to author’s corpus, not journal
• Credits quantity as well as quality of corpus
• Free
• Easy to understand and calculate
Cons
• Can be biased against young researchers
• Does not differentiate negative citations
• Does not differentiate or weight citing source
• Does not address differences per field
• Includes self citations
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Agenda
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Agenda
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
• How do authors choose a journal• The roles of the journal
• The people involved
75
What makes great journals ?
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What makes great journals ?
• It is NOT technology, or big investments, or great promotion ……
• Journals are based on the communities they serve. They are like a living organism andrely on the editors, authors and reviewers that make up that community. They serve thecommunity as long as the community can derive value from the journal. By doing so thecommunity in turn builds greater brand value for the journal. Both the journal and the
community benefit from this.
76
Four important concepts
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Four important concepts
• A journal has no value without the active support of high level scientists
• Scale helps to be innovative in improving service
• Top journals are international as science is international
• Quality attracts quality
77
From a journal publishing perspective:responsibilities
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key author needs:
• certification of research,• continuation of funding and employment,• recognition and career
Author
paper
data
etc.
Reviewer
Publisher
Editor
journal
Research
Output
responsibilities
78
How do authors choose a journal?
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How do authors choose a journal?
• They already know the subject coverage of their research paper and its quality and
approach• They select the set of most appropriate journals in terms of subject coverage
• They match the general quality of their paper (best, good, ok) to a class of journals (top,average, run-of-the-mill) with the same subject and approach
• From that class they select a specific journal based upon experience
79
How do Authors Choose a Journal?
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How do Authors Choose a Journal?
Impact Factor
Reputation
Editorial StandardPublication speed
Access to Audience
InternationalCoverage
Self Evaluation
A&I Coverage
Society Link
Track Record
Quality/Colour Illustrations
Service Elements, e.g.author instructions,quality of proofs, reprints,etc
Experience as Referee
A
B
C
?
?
?
?
Marginal Factors:
Which Journal?
Key Factors:
Which Category?
Journal Hierarchy
J J
J J
JJ
J
J
J
JJ
80
What matters most to Authors?
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Data from 36,188 Authors;0= unimportant10= very important
2=
1
6
5
7
8
4
2=
QUALITY&SPEED
81
Role of the Journal Editor
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• Public face of the journal
• Decides on what gets published
◦ Type and standard of paper
• Sets editorial policies
◦ With editorial board & publishers’ editor
• Runs the peer review process◦ Supported by an editorial office funded by the publisher
82
Peer Review
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• A methodological check
◦ Soundness of argument
◦ Supporting data and cited references
• Done by two anonymous academics
◦ (“The reviewers”)
• Reviewers peer review without payment◦ Costs of administering the selection of reviewers, postage and document costs are
borne by the journal
• On average 30% more papers are reviewed than published
83
Role of the Publisher
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• Editorial (journal brand) management
◦ Acquisition of content
◦ Monitor research trends
◦ Monitor editorial office efficiency and efficacy
◦ Monitor key success indicators
◦ Editorial renewal• Business management
• Production and online hosting
• Sales and marketing
84
Agenda
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g
1. A Brief History of Journal publishing
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
• Strategic planningoDefine your journal position
o Indexing
oMarket analysis
o Journal action plan
85
What makes a journal successful, once it has found acommunity?
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community?
1. Strategic journal management (brand management)
2. Wide visibility
3. Quality control, peer review and use of journal metrics
4. Customer feedback
86
Different journals - Different choices – Different roles
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j
Regional
R e
g i o n a l
International
I n t e r n a t i o n a l
Authors
R e a d e r s
Visibility of Regional
Science
Will not publish
cutting edge
research
Not necessarily
unimportant
Platform for
Students (PhD,
PostDocs)
Career makingpublications
International scene
Not all equally
important
87
Strategic Choices
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g
Regional
R e g i o n a l
International
I n t e r n a t i o n a l
Authors
R e a d e
r s
Examples: Pramana (India), Current Applied
Physics (S. Korea)• Increasing number of journals (related
to global scientific development)
• Limited international recognition
• Regional loyalty
• Generally Indexed by major indexing
services
• Reasonable visibility
• Variable in quality
Examples: Nature, Physical Review, Cell,
and many Elsevier journals• Many journals already
• International recognition
• Limited regional loyalty
• Indexed by major indexing services
• Wide visibility
• Quality above a certain minimum
threshold
Example journals: Cerâmica (Brazil)
• Very large number of journals
• Very limited international recognition
• Regional loyalty
• Only a few Indexed by major
indexing services• Regional visibility
• Quality unclear
Example: Epidemiology
• Addressing regional issues by outside
experts.
• Limited number of journals, especially
health sciences
• Limited international recognition• Limited visibility
• Extremely fluctuating quality
88
Regional coverage by Scopus
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g g y
8400
980
1540
290
5900
460
320
Number of titles per region, based on publisher country
89
Interest for inclusion in Scopus is still growing
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Quality selection by independent, international board
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Scopus selection criteria a combinationof quantitative and qualitative measures
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Journalpolicy
(35%)
• English language abstracts available
• All cited references in Roman alphabet• Convincing editorial concept/policy
• Level of peer-review
• Diversity in provenance of editors
• Diversity in provenance of authors
Quality of content
(20%)
• Academic contribution to the field
• Clarity of abstracts
• Conformity with journal’s aims & scope
• Readability of articles
Citedness
(25%)
• Citedness of journal articles in Scopus
• Citedness of editors in Scopus
Regularity
(10%)• No delay in publication schedule
Accessibility
(10%)
• Content available online
• English-language journal home page
• Quality of home page
Eligibility
• Peer-review
• English abstracts
• Regular publication
of quantitative and qualitative measures
92
Scopus new title suggestions
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http://www.info.sciverse.com/node/453
93
Scopus Title Evaluation Process
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How does it work in practice
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Let’s apply the scoring system to two psychology journals,
both published in Eastern Europe, both started in 2005 …
Journal A Journal B
95
Category 1 – Journal policy
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Good editorial concept; convincing description of single-blind peer-reviewprocess; diversity among authors/editors.
Not very convincing editorial concept; no information about peer-review
found; no international diversity among authors/editors.
25.1%
11.9%
Journal A
Journal B
35% of overall score
96
Category 2 – Quality of content
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Substantial contribution to field.
Most papers cite exclusively Russian authors, i.e. do not take into
account international research.
13.8%
9.8%
20% of overall score
Journal A
Journal B
97
Category 3 - Citedness
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79% of all published articles have been cited >1. H-index of leading editorsis 12.
Neither editors nor journal has received any citations in Scopus.
22.3%
0%
25% of overall score
Journal A
Journal B
98
Category 4 - Regularity
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Most recent issue as expected.
Publishing quarterly; last published issue six months before
spotcheck (i.e. Dec 2008 vs Jun 2009).
10.0%
5.0%
10% of overall score
Journal A
Journal B
99
Category 5 – Online availability
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Homepage fully in English; good quality of homepage.
Homepage partly in English; fair quality of homepage.
9.5%
7.0%
10% of overall score
Journal A
Journal B
100
It works!
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Result: The scoring system supports the reviewer in his task to position the two journals
towards the “line of relevance”
Journal A
Reviewer:
accept journal
Journal B
Reviewer:
reject journal
101
From Strategy to Action
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MarketAnalysis
Objectives 2011I) Toxicology
•IF increase to 2.4• Market share US 28%•X•Y
2) Pharmacology
Toxicology Letters (2011)
•25 review articles published by
US authors•Appoint Harvard editor•Manage rejection rate,and article flow to 2550accepted articles by 31-12•Host one reviewer workshop•Reduce editorial time to 16 wks
•etc
Analysis &Objectives per
segment and journal
Activities perjournal
Customer feedback& other market intelligence
Elsevier S&TStrategy
S&T Journal Strategy
Portfolio strategies
MARKET
102
Portfolio & Journal Action plans for each portfolioand journal
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Per journal:Journal
Action Plan
2011
PORTFOLIO PLAN:
• Editorial policies• Per Editor: retention and
replacement strategy• Special issue &review article
strategy• Emerging areas and markets / New journal launches
• Customer (author, editor, reviewer)
services• Society opportunities• Commercial Sales opportunities• Marketing
R e s u l t s i n
j o u r n a l s p e c i f i c a
c t i o n s
j
103
Example of journal action plan Journal of Scientific Research
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104
Possible Action Current Status Desired Status Action Deadline
Impact Factor 1.650 2.300 Consider reduction in size
Editor in Chief
Quality Strong Continue as is None N/A
Editorial office/ Secretary Yes Continue as is None N/A
Deputy Editor
Quality None Succession planned Appoint deputy Editor December 2011
Editors
Quality Fair (section A) to Good (Asia) Strong Appoint new editor section A; Editor from US December 2011
Quantity 2 3 Appoint one more editor December 2011
Geographical Split Reasonable Ad US As above December 2011EES live N/A N/A
Physical quality good good N/A
Publication Speed
Early Web Visibility No Yes implement June 2011
Refereeing (editorial) time 30 weeks 20 weeks Scopus to reviewers/ new editor August/Dec. 2011
Online Production time 10 weeks 7 weeks Agree on SLA with production March 2011
Print production time 12 weeks 9 weeks
Rejection rate 50% 50% N/A
Time to first decision 9 6 Reduce time
# of issues/ pages 2006
Special issue policy
# of special issues
Type of SI’s
Pa er flow
For each journal an annual journal action plan, outlining the requiredactions to improve journal in line with overall strategic direction
104
Portfolio and journal management based on marketknowledge, research and continuous feedback
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• Author feedback programme => all authors are asked for feedback:
• Editor and Reviewer feedback programmes follow similar approach.
Against Benchmarks: Against Competition:
g ,
105
Agenda
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1. A Brief History of Journal publishing
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
• Measuring Quality
• Influencing impact metrics
• Assessing themed issues
• Uncited articles
• Assessing top articles
106
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QualityCan it be measured?
107
What is Quality?
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• The assessment of quality and value is at the heart of the scholarlycommunication system
◦ Peer review for acceptance of papers
◦ Judgements about the quality of a journal
◦ Assessment of the work of a researcher from where s/he publishes
◦ Judgements about the quality of institutions based on their publicationrecord
108
Quality control. What types of tools are available?
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• Scopus Citation Analysis
• Non-cited Paper Analysis
• Author Feedback Programme
• Reviewer Feedback Programme
• Editor Feedback Programme
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The Refereeing Process
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• Independent refereeing of submitted manuscripts is critical to the
scientific publishing process in validating the quality of a piece of work.
• Referees provide◦ an objective assessment of a submission, and recommend whether a piece
of work advances the field sufficiently to warrant publication.
• Relevance, novelty• Relevant work is cited, and discussed as appropriate
• Methodology is appropriate, and properly described
• Conclusions are supported by the results reported
• Evaluate the statistical analyses
• Ensure that the paper is unambiguous and comprehensible, even if theEnglish is not perfect
The Referee recommends, the Editor decides
110
Finding and Keeping reviewers
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• Make use of Editorial Board Members for reviewing, and consider rotating off BoardMembers who are not regularly refereeing
• Think twice before using referees who have not been active in research in the last 5years
• The best referees are often young professors, researchers, post-doctorates, emeritusprofessors and authors who have recently published in the journal
• Reject very poor papers outright without sending them to a reviewer.
• Ask referees whether they are able to review a manuscript before sending it.• Give your request a personal touch by customising template letters where possible
• Develop a set of clear referee guidelines.
• Notify the referees of your final decision on the paper.
• Do not 'penalise' timely referees by sending them new articles for review immediatelyafter they have returned a set of comments.
• Thank referees who are doing a good job
• Develop a reviewer loyalty programme
• …
• …
111
How can you influence the impact metrics of your journal as an Editor?
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• Attract the best authors
• Find the best referees
• Have an efficient review process with short turnaround times
• Commission invited/review articles
• Claim “hot” areas in your discipline that are not currently “owned” by other journals bypublishing a thematic issue on it
112
Influencing the impact metrics
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• Better papers (easier said than done)
• Fewer papers
• More reviews
• More special issues (invited authors)
• Publish invited works in January (longer citation window
• BUT DO NOT◦ Require citations to your journal
◦ Write editorials about your journal’s articles just to cite them
113
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Scopus Citation Analysis
114
Scopus Issue Analysis
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Citation analysis at the issue level can answer the following questions:
• What is the level of citation for the issues published?
• How are my special issues doing in comparison to the regular issues?
• Are our review/invited articles contributing as expected?
115
Scopus Issue Analysis
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
123456781234567812345678123456781234567812345678123456789 1 0 1 1
1 2 1 3
1 4 1 5
1 6 1 7
1 8 1 9
2 0 2 1
2 2 2 3
2 4123456789
1 0 1 1
1 2 1 3
1 4 1 5
1 6 1 7
1 8 1 9
2 0 2 1
2 2 2 3
2 4
59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66
2002 2003 2004 2005
A v e r a g e
c i t a t i o n s p e r p a p e r
Off scale
(26.5)AVERAGE CITATIONS PER
PAPER / PER ISSUE
- Regular Issue
- Structural Elucidation
- Thematic Issue
- Festschrift issue
- Shading indicates issue
contains review article(s)
116
Scopus Impact Analysis on a Specific Set of Articles
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• How do citations develop in time?
• Are there specific areas that attract a higher number of citations?
• How does the number of citations relate to the number of publications?
• Perform your own bibliometric calculations
117
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Non-Cited Article Analysis
118
% Non-Cited Articles per Journal
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Uncited % - 5yr
Subject Category -ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCES
Year - 2005
Rank Journal Uncited % - 5yr
1 FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2.78%
2 REGULATED RIVERS-RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT 4.26%
3 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 14.29%
4 JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS 19.30%
5 APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL 22.99%
6 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 23.03%
7 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 23.49%
8 JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY 25.22%
9 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 25.34%
10 JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 25.56%
11 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 25.89%
12 CLIMATIC CHANGE 26.03%
13 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 26.13%
14 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 26.48%
15 WATER RESEARCH 26.58%
16 ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES 26.67%
17 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 26.76%
18 BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 26.80%
19 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 26.88%
20 REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 26.98%
119
Non-cited Article Analysis
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Aim
Bring down the number of uncited articles as much as possible.
Important to determine
• What type of articles are most cited?
• What type of articles remain uncited?
120
What are the top-cited papers?
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Are there certain topics
that seem to get cited a lot?
121
What are the non-cited papers?
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Can you distinguish any trendsin the articles that do not get cited?
122
Agenda
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1. A Brief History of Journal publishing
2. Scholarly Communication in Colombia
3. Bibliometrics primer: measures of impact
4. Improving the quality of scientific journals
• Policy Issues
oCopyright
oPlagiarism
123
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Policy issuesSome examples
124
Plagiarism
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• Editors and Publishing have seen a rise in cases of plagiarism
◦ “Plagiarism” is:• the literal copying of the entirety of another's article or paper or other text
• the literal copying of large portions of another’s work
• the substantive paraphrasing of another’s work
◦ In all of these cases, the authors whose work is being copied or reproduced mayalso have legal claims with respect to copyright infringement or violations of their
moral rights.
125
Other Ethical Issues
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• Some authors are also engaging in other unethical practices◦ Duplicate (Double) submission
• Submission of the same paper to more than one journal while decision fromanother journal is still pending
◦ Repetitive (Redundant) submission• Reporting the same results or methodologies in somewhat different form
◦ Improper authorship
• Crediting individuals who did NOT provide a substantive contribution to theresearch and the analysis presented• Lack of credit to individuals who DID provide a substantive contribution
◦ Lack of conflict of interest disclosure◦ Not adhering to guidelines involving treatment, consent, or privacy of research or
testing subjects
126
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Conclusion
127
Conclusion
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• Journal publishing is about audience and role
◦ Subject, Readers and Authors• Evaluation process is continuous
• Measurables are important
◦ Submissions (Origin, Subjects, etc.)
◦ Bibliometrics (H-index, Impact Factor, Citations, etc)
• Feedback from the scientific community is also important◦ Your authors, editors, reviewers and the international community
128
Elsevier and Latin America
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Scopus Award dinners in Brazil,
Uruguay, Mexico
Research Connect in Chile
Deans Connect in Peru
Reaxys Seminar in Mexico
Scientometric Symposium in
Brazil
National Consortia in Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Colombia,
Uruguay
Author `s seminars in Chile, Costa Rica,
Colombia, Panamá, México, Uruguay
Editor’s workshops in Colombia and
México
Library exhibitions, congress products
trainings, etc
In 2010 over 40 events organised and/or sponsored
129
Contact Information
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• Rose Olthof – Strategy & Business Development Manager
◦ Bibliometrics, Ethics, Publishing◦ r.olthof@elsevier.com
• Luis Moran – Account Manager
◦ Account information and services
◦ l.moran@elsevier.com
◦ +54911-6693-3970
• Erika Hernandez – Account Development Manager
◦ Events, symposia, trainings
◦ e.hernandez@elsevier.com
• Ana Luisa Maia – Customer Development Manager
◦ Events, seminars
@
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