commandments for the formation of muslim
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4/18/2015 CommanmentsfortheFormationofMuslim
http://www.barkati.net/booklets/society.htm 1/18
CommandsmentsfortheFormationofMuslimSociety
ByBrigGulzarAhmed
Introduction.HejrahofMuhammadRasulullah(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)TheProphetofIslam,hasauniqueplaceinthehistoryofIslam.TheMuslimCalenderstartsfromHejrahandisnamedaccordingly.ButforHejrahthe"ConstructionofIslamicSociety",mayhavetakenadifferentandnotsospeedyailluminatingprespectiveofHejrahwehavetogobacktoPreHejrahMakkanperiodduringwhichtheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)andhiscompanionhadbeenreceivingveryhardandharshtreatmentattheHandsofUnbelievingQuraysh,theleadingTribeofMakkah.ThiswasinspiteofthefactthattheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)himselfbelongedtoarespectedhouseofthetribe.Wewill,trytopresentabriefsummaryofthebackgroundtoHejrah.TheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)hadangeredtheQurayshbecausehehaddeclaredthattheywereonthewrongpathforworshipingidols.Mattershadreachedastagewhereabout72ofhiscompanionshadtomigratetoHabsha.IbneIshaq,oneoftheearliesthistoriansoftheperiodsays,"WhentheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)sawtheafflictionofhiscompanionsandthoughheescapedbecauseofhisstandingwithAllahandhisuncleAbuTalib,hecouldnotprotectthem,hesaidtothem,'IfyouweretogotoAbyssinia(itwouldbebetterforyou)forthekingwillnottolerateinjusticeanditisafriendlycountry,untilsuchtimeasAllahshallrelieveyoufromyourdistrees'."
AlthoughtheMakkanspresecutedtheMuslims,theywouldallowthemnottoleaveMakkah,forfearthatiftheysucceededinestablishingthemselvesabroadtheirwayofLife,ReligionofIslamwillflourish,and"theirnumberswouldsogrowthattheywoulddestroytheauthorityofQurayshaltogether."sotheytriedtobringthembackfromHabshabutthekingrefusedtohandtheMuslimrefugeesovertotheMakkandelegation.WheneventuallytheHejrahtoMadinawasstartedtheMakkanstriedtostoppeoplefromimmigrating.
WhentheyfeltthattheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)mayalsomigratetoMadinatheyhatchedaplottokillhimwhenhecameoutofhishouseonthenextmorning.AllfamiliesofQurayshweretosendonevolunteerwhowouldstandguardoutsidetheProphet'(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)houseandthenonhisemergingfromthehousetheyallwouldshowerblowsfromtheirswords,simultaneously,sothatthemurderwouldbecommittedbytheQurayshasatribe.TheincidentisreferredtoinQuraninaVerseandinIbneIshaqonpage223.TheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)andhisclosestfriendAbuBakrleftthehousemiraculouslyinthatthemenguardingthehousedidnotrealise.
Whenthenewsofhissafearrival,inspiteoftheirsearchingforhimenroute,reachedMakkah,theywrotealettertoMadina.TheletterwasaddressedtoAbdullahbinUbbay,tellinghimeithertoexpeltheimmigrantsortokillthem.Iftheydidnotdosothey,theQuraysh,wouldattackMadina.Thisamountedtodeclarationofwar.AbdullahbinUbbaywasinclinedtoturnMuslimmigrantsoutofMadina,byforceofarms.TheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)approachedhimandexplainedtohimthatifhedidsothebloodofhistribewillflowfrombothsides,because,Muslimmembersofhistribe,whowerequiteafew,willfightalongsidetheirMuhajirbrothers.Thetwonationstheoryhadcomeintoexistence.TheMuslimsconstitutedONEUMMAandtherestofhumanitytheotherUmmah.
AbdullahbinUbbaymusthaveaskedastowhowilldefendMadina,intheeventofMakkanattack.
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TheProphetmusthavereplied,"WetheMuslimswilldefendMadina."AsaresultofthisdiscussionameetingofentireMadinawasheldinwhichtheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)dictatedthedocumentknowninhistory,asMeethaqueMadina.Thishistoricaldocumentiscalled"CovenantwiththeJewsandmenofMadina."TheheadingoftheDocumentisinthesewords.
"ThisisaDocumentfromMuhammadtheProphet(governingtherelations)betweenthebelievers,MuslimsofQurayshandYathribandthosewhofollowedthemandjoinedthemandlabouredwiththem6."whichwhenseeninthetechnicalmeaningof"JahaduMaahuu"meansthosewhofoughtJehadwiththem.TheJewsneverfollowedthemorlabouredwiththem.NeitherdidtheyjointheMuslimsinJehad.ThedocumentisthusnotatreatybutAcharter.7Itwould,therefore,becorrecttomaintain,thattheHejrah,resultedinthesettingupofafreeandsovereignState,knownastheStateofMadina,withaproperlyawardedConstitutionalCharter.TheotherresultofHejrahwastheestablishmentofasocietyknownasIslamicorMuslimSociety.Someoftheoriginalmembers,aminority,tobemoreparticularhadmigratedfromMakkaandhadbeentrainedbyMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)withgreatcarebuttheywereforthefirstfewmonths,lessthanfiftyinnumber.Theestablishmentofthestatehadcomeaboutthroughtheacceptancebyall,includingtheJewsandtheMushriqeen(disbelievers)ofMadina.TheaffairsoftheStatewerepresidedoverbytheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)personally.HisCabinetconsistedoftheCompanionsreferredtoinQuranasAhlalAmr(Menwithauthority)8.
Theestablishmentofsocietyproceededgradually,ItsauthoritywastheRevealedWordofAllah.TheQuranandtheinstructiongivenbyMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)knownasAhadith.Hisactions,thewayandmannerofdoingthingsishisSeerah,basedonQuran.TheformationofMuslimSocietytooktime,throughouttheperiodofhisstayinMadina.ItendedwithDivineWords:
ThisdayhaveIperfectedyourDeen(WayofLife)foryouAndhavechosenforyouAsDeen(ReligionWayofLifeAlISLAM).(AlMaeda5:3)
AlIslam.TheWayofLife,chosenbyAllahfortheMuslimscoverseveryaspectoftheirlives.ItisthesumtotalofDirectives,CommandmentsandInstructionfromtheHighestAuthorityintheUniverseTheCreator,ThesustainerandTheMasteroftheSayofResurrection.Hiscommandsarefinal.TheycannotbeabrogatedbecausethereisnoauthorityhigherthanHim.TheymakethesumtotaloftheCommandswhichadduptothebringingaboutofindividualcharacterandcharacteristicsofMuslimmembersofAnIslamicSociety.
TheseCommandscovertheBehaviorofindividualMuslimswithoneanotherandtowardsthesocietyitself.TheycoverthebehaviourandconductofMuslims,withothers.Theyincludethesubjectslikepromises,factsandtreaties,thesaleandpurchaseofcommodities,theaffairsofmembersofafamily,thetreatmentofparentsbytheirchildrenandrelationsbetweenspouses.TheyareobeyedbecausetheyemanatefromthehighestauthoritytheCreatorofmankindtowhomweallareanswerableforouractions.ThesystemoperatesorotherwiseontheFaith(Eiman)ofindividualmembersandtheirAhlalalAmr,(MenwithAuthority),invarioussocietiesofMuslimsspreadoutalongthesurfaceoftheGlobe.WegivebelowasummaryofCommandmentsofAllahwhichadduptotheFormationofaMuslimSociety.
MuslimSociety
MuslimSocietyiscomposedofindividualwhobelieveintheUnityofAllahasthesoleCreatorandsustaineroftheworldsandpossessoroftheonlysovereignWillintheentireUniverse,WhoalonewillholdauthorityontheDayofResurrectionandeverafter.
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Say:HeisAllahtheOne!AllahtheeternallyBesoughtofall!HebegetethnotNorwasHebegottenAndthereisnonecomparabletoHim.
(AlAkhlas112:14)
IfthereweremorethanONEgodstherewouldcertainlyhavebeendisorder.Religionswhichbelieveinmorethanonegodsarefullofstoriesofbattlesbetweenthem.Allahsays.
IftherewerethereinGodbesideAllahThenverilyboth(theheavensandtheearth)HadbeendisorderedGlorifiesbeAllah.TheLordoftheThrone,Fromallthattheyascribe(LHim.)
(AlAmbia21:22)
HealoneistheCreatorandHecanbringaboutanythingatanytime.AndHeitisWhocreatedTheheavensandtheearthintruth(withapurpose)AndintheDaywhenHesaith:Be!Itis(73)HisWordisthetruth,AndHiswillbetheSovereigntyOntheDaywhenthetrumpetisblownKnoweroftheinvisible.Andthevisible.HeistheWise,theAware.
(AlAlnaem6:7374)
AndthereisapurposeinthiscreationAndhathmadeofserviceuntoyouWhatsoeverisintheheavensAndwhatsoeverisintheearthItisallfromHim.Lo!HereinverilyareProtentsforpeoplewhoreflect.
(AlJathia45:12)
Thereisapurposebehindallthiscreation.Hegavetomantheknowledgeintheshapeofnamesandpropertiesofallthings:
AndHetaughtAdamAllthenames,
(AlBaqarah2:31)
And:
HeuntoWhombelongeth
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hesovereigntyoftheheavensandtheearth,HehathchosennosonNorHathHeanypartnerInthesovereignty.HehathcreatedeverythingAndhathmetedforitameasure(qualities,charateristics,usesetc)
(AlFurqan25:2)
Andexpectsmantomakeuseofitbyfindingout"thismeasure"(HerekeepinmindVerse45:12)AllahistheholderofultimatepowerintheUniverse.
All(power,command,decision)restswithAllahaloneHehasCommandedyouToworshipnoneexceptHim.Thisisthefirmreligion,Butmostpeopledonotrealise.
(Yusuf12:40)
AsocietycomposedofindividualswhosecenterofmentalandspiritualconcentrationisOneandonlyOnebeingwhichisnotlikeanyotherhumanlyimaginablesubstance,arebynaturesocongenialtooneanotherthattheycanbetermedassomanysoulsbutoneONEbody.Heis:
TheCreatoroftheheavensandtheearthHehathmadeforyoupairsofyourselvesAndofthecattlealsopairsWherebyHeMultipliethyouNaughtisasHislikenessAndHeistheHearer,theseer.
(AlShura.42:11)
Thedivisionofmankindintopairs,thenthefamily,thetribeandnationsaremeredistinctionsforknowingoneanother.ThecriteriaofexcellenceintheeyesofthecreatorisgooddeedsinaccordancewithHisCommandment.
Omankind!Wehavecreatedyoumaleandfemale,AndhavemadeyounationsandtribesThatyoumayknowoneanother,Lo!Thenoblistofyou.Inthebestinconduct.Lo!AllahisknowerAware.
(AlHajaraat49:13)
Therefore,ifyoubelongtopowerfultribeorastrongnation,donotbecarriedawaywithafalsesenseofpower.Manyanationappearedonthescene,gainedstrength,prosperedandthendisappeared.
AndhowmanyatownshipStorngerthanthytownship,(Muhammad)Whichhascasttheeout,
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HaveWedestroyed,Andtheyhadnohelper.
(Muhammad47:13)
AndmoreoftenthannotthesetownshipsdestroythemselvesthroughtheirmisdeedsandrefusaltoliveaccordingtoAllah'(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)commandments,regardingahealthySociety.Allahwouldhavepardonedthemiftheyhadrepentedevenatthelastminute.
Allahiskind,Merciful,ForgivingandMostBenevolent.DonotgiveupHopeinHim.Say:OMyslavesWhohavebeenprodigaltotheirownhurt:DespairnotoftheMercyofAllahWhoforgivethallsens.Lo!Heistheforgiving,theMerciful
(AlZaman39:53)
HehasOrderedgoodnessandtruth.AddressingtheBelievers,inHim.HehasCommanded:
OYewhobelieve!BeyestaunchinJustice,WitnessforAllahEventhoughagainstyourselfOr(your)parentsOr(your)kindredWhether(theaffectedisrichorpoorForAllahisneareruntoboththen(thanyouare)SofollownotpassionLestyoulapse(fromTruth)Anifyelapseorfallaway,ThenLo!Allahiseverinformedofwhatyedo.
(AlNisa4:135)
Societiesdistintegrateoncejusticebecomesextinct.OnceJusticedisappearssocietyceasestoexist.WhenawholecommunitybelievinginONEALLAHandobeyingHiminmattersofjusticeamongtheirneighbours,whetherbelievingorunbelievingareboundtobringaboutanexemplarysocietyinallrespect.TothemQuranisFundamentalLawandtheycannotfloutLawOrdainedbyHimWhomtheyworship.AndmindyouthereisnothingunusualornewinQuran.ItcontainsinitwhatwasRevealedtoearlierprophetbuthadbeenforgottenormixedwithhearsay.AllahAddressingMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)says:
Naughtissaiduntothee(Muhammad)SavewhatwassaidUntothemessengersbeforethee.Lo!ThyLordisownerofForgivenessand(Heisowneralso)ofdirepunishment.
(HameenAllSajda41:43)
AndHeiskind,Benevolentandmerciful,Hedoesnotinflictpunishmentwherenot
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deservedWhosodothrightItisforhisownselfAndwhosodothwrongItisagainsthim.AndthyLordisnotatallatyrantForHisslaves.
(HameenAlSajda41:46)
CrueltyisforeigntoIslam.Evencruelmenaretobeavoidedandshunned.HowcanaMuslimthinkofhisLordbeinginclinedtocruelty.AdevoteealwayswishestobelikethePowerbeworship.AbelieversinAllahwishestobecomeaxoacstlyasheimaginesHimtobe.
ThosewhodisbeliveAnddocruel(deeds)AndhinderothersfromTheWayofAllah.Theyverilyhavewanderedastray.
(AlNisa4:138)
Allahisfarfromcruel.ThosewhobelieveinHimshuncruelty.Itisonlythedisbelieverswhotendtobecruel.Thecruelhavenoshareinthefuturelife.TheyhaveerredagainstAllah'screation,menandwomenandtheywillbepunishedfortheirilldeeds.
Lo!ThosewhodisbelieveAndarecruelAllahwillneverforgivethemNeitherwillHeguidethemontoaroad.
(AlNisa4:168)
Crueltyintheworldcanbedecreasedorcontrolledifnotcompletelyeliminatedifthosedesiringloveandgoodnesstoprevail,remainofonevoice,irrespectiveofhowgreatstresshasbeenlaidonunityandpeacefulrelationsamongMuslims.
Lo,keepyourdutytoAllahAndadjustthemattersofdifferenceAndobeyAllahandHismessengerIfyouarebelievers
(AlAnfal8:1)
Onlybyremainingunitedcantheybringoutahealthysociety.Withoutunitythereisnoforceeventhoughthecallmaybeforthemostpiouspurpose.ThisVersehasbeenordainedforMuslimgroupsmorethanforindividuals.Itwill,therefore,bebroughtunderdiscussionwhencollectiveaffairsofMuslimsarebeingstudied,inalaterpublication.However,suchimportantaspectsoflifecannotbeignored.WehavebeenOrdainedtokeepremindingoneanotherofthesematters.
Andwarm(remind)Forwarning
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(reminding)profitethbelievers.
(AlZariyat51:55)
ItwillbenoticedthatforcenturiesaffairsofMuslimgrouphavebeenignoredeitherwillfullyorduetounwelcomesituations.Itistimethatcollectiveproblemsarenowbroughtforwardfordiscussions.Weinviteviewsonthissubject.
Oneofthecommonpracticesofinjusticeisregardingtheorphans.Allahenjoinsonbringingthemupproperlyandwhentheycomeofagetheirshareofinheritanceshouldbehandedovertothem.Withoutstrictobservanceofsuchpracticesfuturegenerationswillgrowupasdisgruntledcitizenandbethecauseofdisruptioninsociety.Ahealthysocietycanemergeonlywhenallsectionofpopulationfeelthattheyreceivetheirdueshareinequitablemanner.
Keeptheorphansengaged(inwalksoflife)Untiltheyreachageofmarriage(puberty)ThenifyoufindthemofsoundjudgementDeliveruntothemtheir(shareofthe)propertyAnddevouritnotbysquandering(Anddonot)spenditinhaste(fearing)ThattheymaynotgrowupquicklyWhoso(oftheguardians)isrichLethimabstaingenerously(fromtakingexpensesincurred)AndwhosoispoorLethimtakewithinreasons(forguardianship)AndwhenyoudeliveruptheirfortuneHaveit(thetransactionwitnessedIntheirpresence.AllahisenoughasaReckoner.
(AlNisa4:6)
Lookingafterandbringinguporphansisthetestofthesoundnessorotherwiseofasociety.ThosewhobelieveinAlmightyAllahandfeartheDayofReckoninghaveitingrainedinthemtoshowextrabenevolencetoorphansandtheneedyandactaccordingtotheDictatesofAllah.
AndapproachnowealthoftheorphansExceptthatwhichisbetterTillhereachmaturity.
(Alinaam6:153)
ThisOrderisrepeatedinanotherAyahandinadditiononeisremindedofthefactthatwhenapersonundertakestolookafteranorphanhedoesitunderanexpresswordoffaithandfulfillmentofpromisessoimportantforthehealthyupholdingofasocietyinwhichitsmembercantrustandplanonthefulfillmentofpromises.ThisOrderisrepeatedinclearestpossibleword:
ApproachnotthewealthoftheorphanExceptwiththatwhichisbetterTillhereachmaturityAndkeepthecovenantLo!Ofthecovenantitwillbeasked.
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(AlAsraa17:34)
Imagineasocietyinwhichapromisedoesnotmatter.Howcantheaffairsofsuchagroupofpersonarrivefinalisation.Theaffairsofdaytoday,nayaffairsofmomenttomomentwillnotreachfinalisationifpeopleofthatgroupdonotabidebywhattheypromiseandarenotcertainthatpromisesbeingmadetothemwillbefulfilled.Therearegravematters,andhavetobeapproachedassuch.
Nay,but(thechosenofAllahie)hewhofilfilethThepledgehehathmadeAndwardethoff(evil)ForLo!Allahlovesthosewhowardoff(evil)
(AaleImran3:76)
AndagainHeCommandstoHisservants:
OyewhobelieveFulfilyourundertakings.
(AlMaeda5:1)
Anidealsocietycanonlybecreatedwhenitsindividualstandbytheirwordasamatterofhonourandlifeanddeath.Manisremindedthatinthelongrunewhofulfilshispromisesistheonewhoiswise.Heestablishesareputationofbeingabovepettybehaviourandcanberelieduponatalltimestostandbyhisword
Onlymenofunderstandingheed.(19)SucharethepeopleWhofulfilthePacewithAllahAnddonotbreakthecovenant.(20)
Allahcertifiesthatwhatevermanhasbeensayingwillbefulfilled.UpholdingofapromiseisaCharacteristicofthehonourable.PromisemadebyHimwillsurelybefulfilled.Hisservantsareexpectedtostandbytheirpromises.
SurelythatwhichyearepromisedWillbefall.
(AlMurselat77:7)
Oneformofpromisesiswhensaleandpurchasetakesplace.Thesellerundertakestosellacertainweightorlengthofanitem,inreturnforacertainamountofmoneyinexchange.Ifheunderweighsheisbreakinghispromise.Wearetoldthatsocietiesinbygonedaysdisappearedbecausetheydidnotgiveproperweightsandmeasures.AllahhasOrdainedinclearWordsofHis:
AndobservethemeasurestrictlyNeverfallshortthereoff.
(AlRehman55:9)
Andnevergiveshortmeasure,andshortweightsIseeyouwelltodo(flourishing)
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Andlo!Ifearforyou(thewelltodoareapttogoastray)ThedoomofabesettingDay.(84)Omypeople!GivefullmeasureandfullweightinjusticeAndwrongnotpeopleinrespectoftheirgoods.Anddonotdoevilintheearth,Causingcorruption.
(Hood11:84:85)
Ifwecorruptthesocietyitwillrepurcatebackonusinsomeformorother.Howshortsightedmanis.Hcheat'stobecheatedbyothersinreturn.HoweasyandsimpleisthePathofAllah.Ithasnoblindcorners.Itdoesnotleadtopetsandthornypaths.ItislightedbytheCountenanceofAllahHimselfifonlywedecidetobeguidedbytheinnerlightlightbestowedbyAllahhimself
ButtoreachthestraightPathweneedBeliefinAllahthatHealoneisSovereignPowerintheuniverse,thatHisLawsalonebeobeyed,thatHisLawsaloneareeternalandthatHewellbetheMasteroftheDayofReckoningwhichhastocome.Withoutbeliefmanisanemptyshell.
ThesearethepeopleWhoseHeartsfearWhenAllahismentionedAndwhateverbefallsthemTheybearitwithpatienceAndwhoestablishprayerAndwhospendofthatWehavebestowedonthem
(AlHajj22:35)
AndwhentheyspendofwhatAllahhasbestowedonthemtheydonotdiscardthevaluelessitemsbutselectofwhattheylikebestinthenameofAllahbecauseAllahisMostbeautifulandgivestomanofHisbest.
YewillnotattaintopietyUntilyespendofthatwWhichyeloveAndwhatsoeveryespendAllahisawarethereof
(AaleImran3:92)
InanotherplaceHesays:
AndbebenevolentAllahloveththebeeficent
(AlBabrah2:195)
BecauseHeisMostBeneficentHimself.AllahwillshowHisBlessingsonasocietyofbenevolentmenandwomen.
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Muslimshavebeentoldtowishoneanotherpeacewhentheyenterahouse.Itcreatesfriendlyfeelingtowardsoneanother,Particularlybecauseitis"agreetingfromAllahblessedandsweet."
Whenyeenterhouses,SaluteoneanotherWithagreetingfromAllahBlessedandsweet.ThusAllahmakesHisrevelationforyou,Thathaplyyoumayunderstand.
(AlNoor24:61)
Whenoutofthehousetheyareequallyniceandfriendlytooneanother.Menandwomenalike.Theyarepeoplewhodonotstareatpassersbywhethermaleorfemaleandtheywalkwitheyescastdown.Theyareadvisedtolookaftertheireyes,thewindowsofthesoul.
TellthebelievingmentolomentogazeAndbemodest.Thatispurerforthem.Lo!Allahisawareofwhattheydo.(30)AndtellthebelievingwomentolowertheirgazeAndbemodestAndtodisplayoftheirornamentsOnlythatwhichisapparentAndtodrawtheirveilovertheirbosom
(AlShoora24:3031)
ThecompleteAyahneedsattentiononthissubjectbothbytheholdersofconservativeviewsandthoseholdingviewsotherwise.ItishoweverimportanttoseethatdifferenceofviewsistoleratedandindiscussionthedirectionscontainedinQuranareobservedsincerely.
CalluntothewayofthyLordWithwisdomandfairexaltationAndreasonwiththeminthebetterwayLo!ThyLordisbestawareofhimWhostrayethfromHisway.AndHeisbestAwareofthosewhogoastray
(AlNahal16:125)
Humanbeingsareweak.Manhasgreatcapabilitiesbutattimesheshowsweakness.Hisweaknessmustbekeptinmind
AllahdesirestolightenyourburdenFormanwascreatedweak.
(AlNisa4:28)
Thereforemanhastoberemindedagainandagain.KeeppeopleawareoftheirdutiestoAllahandtofellowmenandwomenbecauseafterbeliefitisactionsthatcount.
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Andwarn(remind)Forwarning(remindingprofitsbelievers
(AlZariat51:55)
Theprophet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)wastoldthathisdutywastoconveytheMessageandnomoreHewasnottobeheldresponsibleforthemisdeedofpeople.
Thineisbutconveyance(ofthemessage)Oursthereckoning.
(AlRaad13:40)
Dowerealisetheextentofreckoningawaitingus.
AllahdesirestheformationofawellknitandhappysocietynotthroughspeechbutthroughactionHehaswarnedthatmereverbalacceptanceofIslamisnotenough.Hehasemphasizedactionas"Righteousaction".Itisactionwhichwillcountatthetimeofreckoningandmerewordswillnotcountunlesstheyhaveresultedingoodandrighteousactiononsomebodiespart.
Oyewhobelieve!Whysayyethingswhichyedonot
(AlSaff61:2)
Thesocietyrevolvesonthepivotalpositionheldbyahousehold.Parentsarethevocalpointofafamily.Greatstresshasbeenlaidonduerespecttobeofferedtothem.Theemphasisonrespectofparentscanbejudgedwithitsfrequenciesandthefarmingofthecommandment.Forinstanceitsays:
AndLordhasdecreedThatyeworshipnonesaveHimAnd(thatyeshow)kindnesstoparentsIfoneofthemorbothattaintooldagewiththeeSaynot"fie"untothem,Norrepulsethem,Butspeakuntothemagraciousword.(24)AndloweruntothemthewingofsubmissionThroughmercyAndsay,MyLord!HavemercyonthembothAstheydidcareformewhenIwaslittle
(AlAsraa17:2324)
TheseinstructionsmusthavebeencontainedinearlierCodesofLawaswellbecausewithloveandrespectforparentsnosocietycancontinuehealthyandrobuststructure.Ifmankindhasdeviatedfromthisbasicprincipleitwillfindthatitisunhappytothatextent.Allahremindsinthesewords:AndWeenjoineduponmankind
ConcerninghisparentsHismotherbearethhiminweaknessuponweaknessAndhisweaningfortwoyears
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GivethanksUntomeanduntothyparentsUntomeisthejorneying.
InboththeseCommandmenttheparentshavebeenmentionedalongwithprayerstoAllah.HowhighthepositionandstatureofparentinasocietybasedonobeyiencetoAllahandrespectfulloveforone'sparents.EvenifparentshavenotembracedIslam,duerespecthastobegiventothem.
ParentsholdaspeciallyreveredpositioninthefamilyandIslamordersMuslimstocontinuegivingtherespect,honourandlovewhichmankindhasrenderedthroughtheagesandrejectthefreeforallandshortsightedungodlyphilosophiesofmodernage.
IslamwhichexpectsMuslimstopaybackevilwithkindnessandgoodcouldnothaveignoredadvising,andinfact,orderingMuslimstoshowkindnesstoparentseventhoughtheymaynothaveacceptedIslam.
RepelevilwiththatWhichisbetter.Wearebestawarewhichtheyallege.(96)Andsay:MyLord!IseekrefugeinTheeFromsuggestionsoftheevilones
(AlMoemenoon23:9697)
Allahcommandsthatifyourenemiesdesistfrommischieftheyshouldbepardonedexcepthewarmongerswhowereguiltyofcruelacts.
IftheydesistThenlettherebenorevengeExceptagainstguiltyofcruelty.
(AlBaqarah2:193)
Inotherplace,addressingMuhammad,theProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)AllahhasCommanded:
Andlo!Thehourissurelycoming,Soforgive,OMuhammadWithgraciousforgiveness.
(AlHajar15:85)
TheMuslimshavetoobeysuchanorderevenwithgreatercarethanifitwasgivenasageneralorderandMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)wasnotdirectlyspecified.Andweknowthatheforgavehisenemiesagainandagain.ThisthemeisthedominantthemeofQuran.AllahCommandsinanotherplaceasunder:
Keeptoforgiveness(OMuhammad)Andenjoinkindness,Andturnawayfromtheignorant.
(AlAaraf7:199)
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Itclearlydenotesthatunkindness,mischiefandcrueltyaretheresultofignorance.ThedistinctivecharacteristicofaMuslimsocietyshouldbelove,kindnessandforgiveness.Thesequalities,intheendmakeasocietywellknit,strongandleadingahappylife,andnotthelifeofignorance.
Thesearedirectionsfortheestablishmentofawellknit,friendlyandlovingsocietyformedbyuprightselfrespectingindividualswhoshuneviltopleasetheirLordandinreturnaregivencontentedhappinessinthedaytodaylifeofthismundaleworld.TheinternalsmoothandpeacefulmorallifeofaMuslimsocietyissoimportantthatitsindividualsareadvisedtoavoidgivingnamestooneanotherwhichmayhurtthemintheslightest.
OyewhobelieveLetnotafolkdirideWhomaybebetterthanthey.
(AlHajarat49:11)
Asocietywhichrelaxesitsholdonbehaviourofindividualsbecomesapreytosuspicionsresultinginpettyquarrelsleadingtobloodshedandeventualdisruption.Itis,therefore,Commanded:
Oyewhobelieve!ShunmuchsuspicionForsomesuspicionsisacrime.AndspynotNeitherbackbiteoneanother.WouldoneofyouLovetoeatthefleshofhisdeadbrother?Andkeepyourduty(toAllah)Lo!AllahisRelenting,Merciful.
(AlHajarat49:12)
Selfishnessandprideleadtosuchbasecharacteristics.Bothhavetobeavoidedifahappyandcontentedsocialstructureistoemerge.Highideals,freeofpettymindednessalonecanbuildaviableandlastingsocialstructure.
ThefollowingVerseneedstobekeptinmindatalltime.Omankind!Lo!ThepromiseofAllahistrueSoletnotthelifeoftheworldbeguileyouAndletnotthe(avowed)beguilerBuguileyouwithregardtoAllah.
(Fatir.35:5)
Because:
EverysoulwilltasteofdeathAndyewillbepaidontheDayofResurrectionOnlythatwhichyehavefairlyearnedWhosoisremovedfromthefireAndismadetoenterParadise,Heindeedistriumphant.
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Thelifeofthisworldisbutcomfortofillusion.QAaleImran3:185Theevilspirit,Satanistheretomisleadonly.AndSatanpromiseththemonlytobeguile.
(AlNisa4:120)
Manwillearntherewardofhisdeeds.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Hemayhavebeenmadeoutofclay,nodoubt,butthisisnottheendofhislife.Thesecondphase,themoreimportantwhenhetakespositionbehindthecurtainofdeath.His"fairearnings",intheshapeofhowhehelpedingivingpeaceandhappinesstothesocietyinwhichhewasplaced.Thiswillbethecriteriaofjudginghisactions.ManisexpectedbyAllahto:
Establishprayer,AndpayZakatAndwhateverofgoodyesendbefore(you)Foryoursouls,YewillfinditwithAllahLo!AllahisSeerofwhatyedo
(AlBakaral2:110)
Aquestionisoftenaskedastohowmuchdistributionofwealthmustbeundertaken.AprinciplehasbeenestablishedthatwhathasnotbeenusedorconsumedforayearmustbesubjecttoZakat,whichis21/2%.Thismeansthatanomamentofgoldorsilverifretainedfor40yearsmustbesubjecttoitsequalvaluethroughZakat.Relicsofgrandmothersmusthavepaidmanytimestheirvaluewhenretainedfortwoorthreegenerations.Similarlyquestionsareaskedastohowmuchshouldbespentforgooddeeds.Theansweris.
Theyaskthe(OMuhammad)Whattheyshallspend(Ongooddeeds)Say:Thatwhichyespendforgood(mustinclude)ToparentsandnearkindredandorphansandtheneedyAndthewayfarer.AndwhatevergoodyoudoLo!AllahisAwareofit.
(AlBaqara2:215)
Butyoudonothavetomakepublicknowledgeofthegooddeedsyoudo.Youareatlibertytodoasyoulike.
IfyoudogoodopenlyOrkeepitsecretOrforgiveevil,Lo!AllahisforgivingPowerful.
(AlNisa4:149)
Gooddeedsaretobeencouragedagreatdeal.Asamatteroffact,atrulyMuslimsocietycomesintoexistenceonlyifeveryindividualmakesefforttosupportothersingooddeeds.
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WealthandchildrenareAnornamentoflifeoftheworldButthegoodswhichendureArebetterinthyLord'ssightforrewardAndbetterinrespectoflife.
(AlKahaf18:46)
ThetypeofactionsthatareprohibitedinanIslamicsocietyarethosewhichareliabletohurtothers.Islam,asthenamedevotesmeanssubmissiontotheWillofAllah.AllahDesiresthatHisCreationofExcellence,shouldliveinpeaceandcontinuetogainknowledge,particularlyknowledgewhichwillleadtomasteryovermatter.Matter,infact,allmatter,hasbeenplacedathisdisposal.Itisforhimtoattainit.Thiscanbeattainedonlywhenpeacereigns.
AllahitisWhohathmadeTheseaofservicetoyouThattheshipmayrunthereonByHiscommand,AndthatyemayseekofHisbounty,Andthathaplyyemaybethankful(12)Andwhatsoeverisintheearth,ItisallfromHis.Lo!HereinareportentsForpeoplewhoreflect.
(AlJathia45:1213)
ThosewhodonotbelieveinthelifetocomeshouldnotbeignoredbuttheydeserveaprayertoAllah,toleadthemtotherightpath.
TellthosewhobelieveToforgivethosewhohopenotForthedaysofAllah:InorderthatHemayrequitefolkWhattheyusedtoearn.
(AlJathia45:14)
Butwhentryingtobringpeopletotherightpath,thosethathavegoneastray,rememberthatinthematterofreligion(Deeniewayoflife)nopressureorforcecanbeused.IslamisaWayoflife,completeinitself.Islamhastobelivedandnotmerelyacceptedverbally.Awayoflifewhichhastobeobservedunderallconditionsofwakingperiodofdayandnightcannotbeandshouldnotbeforcedonaselfrespectinghumanbeing.WearetoldtoenterIslaminOnecompletewhole.
Oyouwhobelieve!CameintoIslamcompletelyAndfollownotthefootstepsOftheSatanLo!heisanavowedenemyofyours.
(AlBaqarah2:208)
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Whenentryintothiswayoflifeisacompleteentrythenitshouldavoluntaryentry.HencetheCommandment:
Thereisnocompulsioninreligion.TherightdirectionishenceforthdistinctfromerrorAndhewhorejectethfalsedietiesAndbelievethinAllahHathgraspedafirmhandleholdWhichwillneverbreak.Allahishearer,Knower.
(AlBaqarah2:256)
AssuchwhatwouldbethebenefitofbringingpeoplebypressureandforceintoIslam.ThedecisiontoacceptIslamasaWayofLifefortheremainingperiodofone'(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)existenceonthisplanetcannotbemadeasamatterofjest.Itisaseriousaffairaffectingeverwakingandsleepingmomentofaperson'slife.
Say:Lo!AsformeMyLordhathguidedmeUntothestraightpathArightreligion,(wayofLife)TheMillah(communitysociety)ofIbrahim(Abraham)Theupright,whowasnotanidolater.
(AlAnaam6:162)
IneffectitmeansthattheLordhasguidedtheapplicanttothatcommunitywhichbelievesthattheirLordissoMagnanimousthatforeverygooddeedherepaystenfoldandheissomercifulthatforbaddeedshepunishesonefoldandassuresthesinnerthathewillbewronged.
WhosobringethagooddeedWillreceivetenfoldthelikethereof,WhilewhosobringethanilldeedWillbeawardedbutthelikethereof:Andtheywillnotbewronged.
(AlAnaam6:161)
AssaidearlierthemanorwomanwhoelectstobeaMuslimsurrenderscompletelytoTheWillofAllah.EverymomentofhislifeistobecontrolledandguidedbytheQuranicCode.HeisCommandedtosay:
Say:Lo!myworshipandmysacrificeAndmy(saytoday)living(theentirelife)Andmydying(thecauseforwhichIwilllaydownmylife)Are(all)forAllah,LordoftheWorlds.
(AlAnaam6:163)
Aperson,whoacceptsIslamunderpressureorthroughfearofdeathwillnotbeabletostandupto
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thehardandrigorouslifeofaMuslimwhohastobeeverreadytomakesacrificesincludingthesacrificeoflifesmilingly.
ThatpreciselywouldbethereasonwhytheProphetofAllah(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)agreedtotheclausewhichstipulatedthatifMakkanyouthwenttoMadinaandacceptedIslamwithoutpermissionofhisguardianhewillnotbereturnedtoMakkahbutifaMuslimyouthofMadinaabrogatedIslamandwenttoMakkahtojointheQurayshandlivewiththemhewillnotbereturnedtohisguardian.ThephilosophybehindthisseeminglyderogatoryclausewasthataMakkanyouthwillremainaMuslimevenifhewastakenbacktoMakkahbyhisguardianandunderwentgreathardship.AsforasthecaseofaMuslimyouthtakingprotectioninMakkawasconsidereditamountedtoacontradictioninterms.NoMuslimyouthwaslikelytoabrogateIslamandnonedidso.ThereforetheClausedidnotproveofanyadvantagetotheMakkansandtheythemselvesrequesteditsremovalfromthePeaceTreatyofHudaybia.
SummingupFormationofIslamicSocietybasedonQuraniccommandmentsofAlmightyAllah,wasundertakenbyMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)afterhemigratedtoMadina.Itisreportedthat,aftertheconquestofMakkahandtheBattleofHunain,whensomepeoplethoughtthathemaymovetheHeadQuarterofhisStatetoMakka,heallayedtheirfearssayingthatMakkahasitsownimportancebutHijrahhasspecialsignificanceintheschemeofthings(orwords)tothateffect).ThepointthatneedsbeingbroughtoutisthatinspiteoftheimportanceofMakkahandthefactthatQuranstartedbeingrevealedwhiletheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)stillresidedthereandthefactofconfermentofProphethoodinthatcity,thesocietybasedonDivineCommandmentswasestablishedpracticallyinMadinaEventsofLifeofProphetMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)takeimportanceonlywhenviewedinthelightofLawRevealedatMadina.IslamicShariahexceptBeliefinOneAllahismainlyconfinedtoMadinaperiodandthiswefeelenhancestheimportanceofHijrahintheseerah"LifeHistory"ofMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam).TheLastProphetwhoputasealtotheCodeofGuidanceforhumanityfortheperiodoftheirexistenceonEarth.IfaquestionisaskedastowhatisthecriteriaofanIslamicSociety,theansweristhatunlessasocietyinitscommunallife,followsthepatternsetbyTheSeerahoftheProphet(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)duringhislifeinMadina,asocietydoesnotqualifytobecalledMuslimsociety.
Itwasthissociety,createdbyMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)atMadina,whichboretheburdenofalongdrawntotalwaragainstheavyodds.ItwasthemenandwomenofMadina,whoinspiteofwavererslivingwithinMadinarosetotheoccasionandacceptedthechallengetomeettheQurayshofMakka,inspiteofinferiorityinnumbersandnoweaponsworththename.
Itwasthemenandwomen,theproductoftheseCommandmentsofAllah,whowithstoodtheentireArmedforcesofArabia'sConfederacyandforcedthemtoabandontheirsiegeanddeparttotheirvariousabodesspreadoutoverentireArabia.
Itwasasocietybroughtintoexistencebypeacefulpersonalexamplewhichborethefinancialburdenofovernineyearswarandatthesametimecarriedontheburdenofinneradministrationthroughoutthisperiodwithoutoneinstanceofcomplainingabouttherigorsofwartimescarcity.BrothersandsistersthisisbriefsummingupofAllah'sCommandmentswhichwhenfollowedbringintoexistencethemannerofsocietywhichMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)wasabletocreate.Weneedtoemulatehismethodsofpreaching,hismannerofapproachtocomplicatedproblemsandhislovingformofleadershipofhard,sincereandhonestmenandwomenofboththecityandthedesert.
LifeofMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)duringthetimethathebroughtabouttheIdealIslamicSocietyatMadinaisafascinatinglifestoryboundedbyCommandmentofAlmightyAllahboth
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duringpeaceandwar.Itisauniquelife,fulloflessonsfortherulerandtheruled,therichandthepoor,thefarmerandthemerchantandtheteacherandthetaught.WehopetobeputtingbeforeourbrothersandsistersglimpsesofthislifeinourfuturesnumberswiththehopethatgroupsofMillahspreadalongthesurfaceoftheGlobewilltrytoemulatethislifeofwhichhasbeensaidinQuran:
VerilyintheMessengerofAllahyehaveagoodexampleForhimwholookethatAllahAndtheLastDay,AndrememberethAllahmuch.
(AlAhzab33:21)
NOTES
1. IbneIshaq,TheLifeofMuhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam),EnglishTranslationbyAGuillaume,OxfordUniversityPress,Karachi,1968,p.146
2. Ibidp.221.3. Ibidp.152.4. Ibidp.213.5. Ibidp.222.6. Ibidp.231233.7. ForaFullerdiscussionseeauthorsbook"Muhammad(SallalaoAlaiheWasallam)andhis
ConstituionalCharter".InstituteofIslamicCultureLahoreandPapBoardPrinters(Pvt.)Ltd.,Rawalpindi.
8. SeeVerses.9. Thissubjectwillbedealtwithingreaterdetailatanothertime.
IslamOnline!AcomprehensiveguidetoIslamiclearninghttp://www.barkati.net
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