communication types of · a ‘written communication’ means the sending of messages, orders or...

TYPES OFCOMMUNICATION

NAME : RASHMI BHAVNANI ROLL NO. : 04 S.D. SCHOOL OF COMMERCE

�

�

◦◦

�

DEFINITIONTYPES OF COMMUNICATION

ON THE BASIS OF DIRECTIONON THE BASIS EXPRESSION

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

CONTENTS

� Communication has been defined asthe transfer of information from oneperson to another, whether or not itelicits confidence. But theinformation transferred must beunderstandable to the receiver.”

What is communication?

Downward Communication� Traditionally, the

emphasis in businessorganizations has beenon downwardcommunication. It is thecommunication comesfrom supervisors andflows down tosubordinates. It naturallyflows from top to bottom.

�

�

�

To give specific directions about a job.To explain procedures.To explain the significance of a job givento a subordinate with respect to theorganizations goals.

OBJECTIVES:

�

�

�

The function of upward communication is tosend information, suggestions, complaints andgrievances of the lower level workers to themanagers above.It is not encouraged in the past, but modernmanagers encourage upward communication.This type of communication is also called Upstream communication.

UPWARD COMMUNICATION

�

�

This kind of communication takes placebetween departments or people on thesame level in an organizational structure.It is one of the most frequently usedchannels of communication.Face to face discussions, telephone talks,periodical meetings, memos etc are theways of carrying out this type ofcommunication.

HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

�

�

�

To create friendly atmosphere in anorganisation.To cut across departmental barriers.To ensure quick feedback.

OBJECTIVES:

�

◦

◦

◦

Meaning:A ‘written Communication’ means the sendingof messages, orders or instructions in writingthrough letters, circulars, manuals, reports,telegrams, office memos, etc.It is a formal method of communication and isless flexible.A written document preserved properlybecomes a permanent record for futurereference.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

�

�

�

�

It is less likely to be misunderstood.It is readily available for futurereference.It is better drafted.With the help of printing andduplicating means, information canbe disseminated widely to many.

ADVANTAGES

�

�

It is more suitable for transmittinglengthy messages containingfinancial, production and other data.It can also be used to providetangible evidence of what hasoccurred or what was stated.

�

�

It is difficult to keep the writtenmaterial up-to-date.Merely sending writtencommunication does not ensure thatit is understood. In fact, if the receiptis absent, it is not possible to checkback immediately whether themessage has been conveyed properly.

DISADVANTAGES

�

�

Written communication canencourage excessive formality andrigidity in personal relations.At times, written messages are noteven read by the recipients.

�

◦◦◦◦◦◦◦

Few guidelines suggested by Keith Davis mayhelp to improve written communication:

Use simple words and phrases;Use short and familiar words;Use personal pronouns whenever appropriate.Give illustrations and examples; use charts.Use short sentences and paragraphs.Use active verbs such as “The manager plans..”Avoid unnecessary words.

TIPS FOR IMPROVINGWRITTEN COMMUNICATION

�

�

�

�

www.wikipedia.comhttps://study.comwww.yourarticlelibrary.comUGC COMMERCE – BusinessManagement

REFERENCES