con2178 clement-oow 15 cluster talk2
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8/17/2019 CON2178 Clement-OOW 15 Cluster Talk2
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Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
OpenWorld 2015
200 Million QPS on Commodity Hardware
Getting Started with MySQL Cluster 7.4
Fraer Cle!ent"y#$% Cl&ster 'echnical %ead
(ernd Oc)lin*irector, "y#$% Cl&ster +ngineering
Octoer 2-th, 2015
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200 "illion $# on Co!!odity ardareetting started ith "y#$% Cl&ster .3
4sers, Feat&res and eleases1
2
3
4
*esign for Availaility and #cale
erfor!ance, getting to 200" 7&eries/s
o to get started ith "y#$% Cl&ster
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#afe aror #tate!ent 'he folloing is intended to o&tline o&r general prod&ct direintended for infor!ation p&rposes only, and !ay not e incointo any contract. 8t is not a co!!it!ent to deliver any !ateor f&nctionality, and sho&ld not e relied &pon in !a)ing p&rdecisions. 'he develop!ent, release, and ti!ing of any feat
f&nctionality descried for Oracle9s prod&cts re!ains at the discretion of Oracle.
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:eynote; "onday, 3.00 "y#$% +ngineering, Oracle
C&sto!er +@periences
Hari Tatrakal, *irector of *ataase #ervices, %ive ation
Olaniyi Osinowo, "y#$% ? Open #o&rce 'echnologies %ea!rnie So"rada ? #o$ W"lts%, *ataase +ngineers, int
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"y#$% Cl&ster content B Openorld
&"lly !lasti% #eal'
Time Ser(i%es witMySQ) Cl"ster
(ernd Oc)lin, Oracle
Conference #ession
'&esday 11a!."oscone #o&th, 2-2
MySQ) Ser(er and
MySQ) Cl"ster at*ndia+s &inan%ial*n%l"sion ,atewaySer(i%e
+C et al
Conference #ession
'&esday 5.15p!"oscone #o&th, 250
,et Start
MySQ) Cl
(enedita >
Oracleands On
'h&rsday, otel i))
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"y#$% Co!!&nity eception B Open
Cele$rate- Ha(e &"n and Min.le wit Ora%le+s MySQ)/ o"r Peers
• '&esday, Octoer 2th, p!
• Eillian9s at "etreon; 15 Fo&rth #treet, #an Francisco C
At the corner of oard and 3th st. only 2
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"y#$% Cl&ster deploy!ents
Web
Telecoms
igh vol&!e O%'eCo!!erce
On
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hoLs &sing "y#$% Cl&sterM
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"y#$% Cl&ster highlights
HighThroughputReads & Writes
Carrier-GradeAvailability
Real-TimeResponsiveness
On-ine! inear"calability
o# TCO!Open plat$orm
%istributed! arallel architecture
Transactional! AC'%-compliant relational database
"hared-nothing design! synchronous data replication
"ub-second $ailover & sel$-healing recovery
%ata structures optimi(ed $or RA)* Real-time e+tensio
redictable lo# latency! bounded access times
'ncrementally scale out! scale up and scale on-lineinearly scale #ith distribution a#areness
G & Commercial editions! scale on COT"
,le+ible A's ".! C//! 0ava! Open0A! %A & HT
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"y#$% Cl&ster highlights
SQL
Joins, Foreign Keys, Transactions! Ro# loc1s! Tri
"tored procedures! 3lobs! 1eyless tables! ne#".! )y". compatible*** conneclanguages! OR)s etc***
oSQL ,ull C!! "#i $or best control and per$ormance 4)y".% "5 built onJa$a ! 0A! ode.%s! )emcache****
&" 77*7778 uptime systems '(i$e nines), o single #oint o( (ai
Heartbeating! cluster membership! auto*atic (ailo$er ! reco$ery! aut$ailover! transactional %%! C! async replication! advanced e+ception logging***
+er(or*ance and #arallelis* &igh through#ut, low ound4-M read t/0s6* 3atching! optimised protocols! 'ntra and 'nter 9uery paralleli
parallel $ilters! #ushed #arallel %oins! non1loc2ing e$ent dri$en *u
HA! High per$ormance! Relational! Transactional! %istributed! arallel! ".! :o".! "hared-:othing! Commodity ***
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"y#$% Cl&ster highlights
Scalaility Scale1out nodegroups or stateless A' clients online! Scale1u#clients online #ith *ultithreading! scale up hard#are online
3e#lication Synchronous two #hase co**it internally! Transacasync re#lication bet#een clusters! con$lict detection/resolution***Storage %ata trans#arently distriuted and alanced y hash, 'nde+
memory! others on dis1 or memory! "econdary uni9ue and ordered inde+es! Redundant 3
and #eriodic chec2#oints...Manageaility nline add ! dro# 'inde/, colu*n)! Online consistent bac1u#grade! Online O" or hard#are upgrade! consolidated cluster logs! C management AShared nothing, Co**odity o need (or shared storage! 'n-memory data u
TC over 5thernet ; 'n$iniband etc! :o special layer < re9uirements* #en source
HA! High per$ormance! Relational! Transactional! %istributed! arallel! ".! :o".! "hared-:othing! Commodity ***
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=*>
"y#$% Cl&ster eleases
=*< =*?
< *istri&tedparallel Noins
< "<i
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"y#$% Cl&ster .3
Active
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
ode Grou# -
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ode Grou# 8
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Table @
d"#i #rotocol
Tables and 'ndices are hori(ontally partitioned! distributed across anreplicated #ithin the :odeGroups* Application :odes including )y".%
:dbApi to per$orm transactional operations and 9ueries on data*
)ost Application :o"ervers $or variou
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for Availaili
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
ode Grou# -
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ode Grou# 8
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Redundancy $or availability - All nodes in each nodegroup store the same data - Can survive data node $ailures so long as one node per nodegroup is
available* - oad balanced! "ynchronous
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for Availaili
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
ode Grou# -
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ode Grou# 8
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Redundancy $or availability - T#o 4or more6 management servers* - sed $or con$iguration! node startup;shutdo#n! triggering
bac1ups! logging / Dsplit-brainD arbitration - :ot critical E not involved in transaction processing ;9uerying
Redundant
components
)anagement nodes act as light#eight arbitrators! avoiding the cost o$odd-si(ed data node 9uorums to cope #ith single $ailures*
d"#i #rotocol
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for Availaili
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
ode Grou# -
,<
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Cluster
Mg*t
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ode Grou# 8
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Redundancy $or availability - A' nodes are stateless and consistent! can use n / m sparing #ithsimple $ront end load balancing* - :dbApi automatically balances! $ails over and bac1 on data node $ailures*
- :et#or1 needs no "O, too E no single $ailure ta1es out F @ clustermember*
Redundant
components
d"#i #rotocol
Availability also comes $rom support $or online operations "chemachanges! Hard#are and O" upgrades! "o$t#are upgrades! Cluster scal
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale O"
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
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+er(or*ance ! Ca#acity
Online scale out o$ bac1 end by adding #hole node groups
4Read / Write scaling6
%ata :odes can be added online! #hile transactions and 9ueriesare running* 5+isting data is rebalanced across all nodegroups*
d"#i #rotocol
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale O"
5ata
odes
ode Grou# 6
,@
,?
,?
,@
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+er(or*ance ! Ca#acity
Online scale out o$ bac1 end by adding #hole node groups
4Read / Write scaling6
Application :odes can be added and removed online! all havee9ual! consistent access to the data stored by the data nodes*
+er(or*ance ! &"
Online scale out o$ $ront end ; Api nodes
d"#i #rotocol
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale p
Replication thread
)ain thread
%) instances"hared nothing
TC instances"hared nothing
"end threads
Re9uesth
TC and most #or$ed by "
t
Receive threads 'O threads
Connect threads Watch
ndTC 'ransaction
coordinator)M%ocal data!anager G'ale K8nde@ partitionsH
Generally no more than one re9uest processing thread per HT
%ata node
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale p
Replication thread
)ain thread
%) instances"hared nothing
TC instances"hared nothing
"end threads
Re9uesth
TC and most #or$ed by "
t
Receive threads 'O threads
Connect threads Watch
nd
%ata node
Con$igurable parallelism #ithin a %ata node
TC 'ransaction
coordinator)M%ocal data!anager G'ale K8nde@ partitionsH
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale pApplicationnode
%atabase ; ersistence layer
3usiness logic ; "tate machines
rotocol decoding
)anyI threads
:dbApi
A' conn
Clients Clients Clients
libndbclie
:dbApi calls
Client memc
Drotocol BD
A' conn A' conn
Mysqld
MemcachNode.js
Java
Slapd
...
< Can scale then&!er of threadsto !eet de!and
< Can scale then&!er of dApiconnections toavoid ottlenec)s
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"y#$% Cl&ster Architect&re for #cale pApplicationnode
%atabase ; ersistence layer
3usiness logic ; "tate machines
rotocol decoding
)anyI threads
:dbApi
A' conn
Clients Clients Clients
libndbclie
:dbApi calls
Client memc
Drotocol BD
A' conn A' conn
Mysqld
MemcachNode.js
Java
Slapd
...
< Can scale then&!er of threadsto !eet de!and
< Can scale then&!er of dApiconnections toavoid ottlenec)s
" #$% Cl f
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
istri$"ted
ei%ien%y
rotocol design,opti!isation, pac)ing,
!&litple@ing.*ata *istri&tion
aareness%ocality < &shed don
filtering and Noining
Coordination
a(oidan%e
on loc)ing readsarallel co!!it
alan%e
ash partitioning
)o%alei%ien%y
O# call a!ortisaon loc)ing e@e
Cache friendly dstr&ct&res
%oc) free sharedstr&ct&res
%ocal data str&ct"<i gran&larity
#cale O"t #cale p
"ee )y". Connect
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
". Koins!
aggregates
Opti!isations &ild in layers
:o". R;W o$ single ro#s
:o". R;W o$ multi ro#s
". R;W o$ multi ro#s
)y". "erver ". optimisations
%istributed parallel $ilter / Koin
3atching hints! distribution
a#areness! read removal
Optimised
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
=*< =*> =*?
&e$ 20121 illion
o#$% readsper !in&te
"n 2013 J.5@ etter
perfor!anceper dApiconnection
&e$ 2015 200 !illion
o#$% readsper second
50 etter#ysench readperfor!ance
"l 20121 illion ritesper !in&te
2.5 !
#$%state!per se
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=*>
"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
=*< =*?
ata node "<iple
'ransactionCoordinatorG'CH threads
6d$7pi Connectionthreadcontentionred&ction
ata node #can K :loo)&popti!isations,#end K ecv
opti!isations
eg&lar i!prove!ents co!po&nd over releases
" #$% Cl t f
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
6oSQ) "lk $en%marks < etting to !illions of re7&ests per second on a
distri&ted syste! is often a !atter of efficient!<iple@ing and de!<iple@ing of individ&alre7&ests < "odern hardare is very capale and so it isi!portant to )eep o&t of the ay, avoidingconte@t sitches, threads, loc) contention, s!all
!essages, e@tra hops, and &nnecessaryco!!&nication or coordination. < "any s!all re7&ests !&st e gatheredtogether and handled in &l), itho&t adverselyaffecting latency or application se!antics.
"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance
< *elivered as part of so&rce distri&tion
< "<ithreaded CKK dApi application < 4ses the asyn%rono&s feat&res of dApi hich allo athread to participate in !<iple conc&rrent dataase transa < o operations &sing the f&ll pri!ary )ey < Can !a)e &se of dApi *istri&tion Aareness hints to !co!!&nication
< ara!eters ; Number of API connections, Number of Number of parallel transactions per thread, Number
per transaction, Number of columns, Size of each c
Lockmode, Distribution Awareness, Thread partition
o#$% ench!ar) tool flexAsynchnli1e e*g* )y".% ;)emcached! has no
upstream clients to servso simpler
%etails http;;mi1aelronstrom*blogspot*co*u1;;@@;ho#-to-ma1e-e$$icient-s
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
2 A8 client !achines r&nning flexAsynch
62 *ata node!achines
r&nning ndbmtd
1 "anage!ent node
- @JJ bytes da
- @7 G3;s agg
rate - B*? ) reads;
- B@< )3;s da
rate
-
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
2 A8 client !achines r&nning flexAsynch
62 *ata node!achines
r&nning ndbmtd
1 "anage!ent node
- @JJ bytes da
- @7 G3;s agg
rate - B*? ) reads;
- B@< )3;s da
rate
-
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
'he8nfiniand
Clo&d '"
10 !illionconc. reads
2 @ 25-threads
2 @ 6 A8connections
flexAsynch ndbmtd
62 @ 12 'C K%*" thread
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
'he8nfiniand
Clo&d '"
flexAsynch ndbmtd
ot distri&tion aare,e@tra hop to data
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
'he8nfiniand
Clo&d '"
flexAsynch ndbmtd
*istri&tion aare,!ini!al hops
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
'he8nfiniand
Clo&d '"
flexAsynch ndbmtd
*istri&tion aare,!ini!al hops
(atching ofre7&ests
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
'he8nfiniand
Clo&d '"
flexAsynch ndbmtd
*istri&tion aare,!ini!al hops
(atching ofre7&ests
artitionedclient threads
"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
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"y#$% Cl&ster 200 !illion o#$% reads/
9ntel hardware la 4Than1sM6
@J machines! each #ith -: cores 4B
HT threads6 - < soc1ets 'ntel Neon DHas#ellD 5-
processors
5ach soc1et
- @? cores 4 :dbApi connections per
machine
-
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"y#$% Cl&ster o#$% #cale O&t
J @J @
J
J
@JJ
@J
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etting started ith "y#$% Cl&ster
Try Cl"ster at OOW8(eneditaLs ands
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etting started ith "y#$% Cl&sterTips
#tart s!all and si!ple
< "ini!al nodes K config&ration < GT 10" conc&rrent readsIH < #tart on localhost to r&le o&t fireall iss&es
et it &p and r&nning, then add co!ple@ity
+@peri!ent ith !ys7l / !ys7ld, node fail&res, applications
Consider &sing "y#$% Cl&ster "anager Ghttps;//edelivery.or
As) for help ; for&!s.!ys7l.co!
"y la
:eep )earnin. wit Ora%le
https://edelivery.oracle.com/https://edelivery.oracle.com/
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Classroo!
'raining
%earning
#&scription
%ive >irt&al Class
'raining On
*e!and
:eep )earnin. wit Ora%leni(ersity
ed"%ation;ora%le;%om
Clo&
'ech
App
8nd&
:eynote; "onday, 3.00
-
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:eynote; "onday, 3.00 -.00 p!, =(CA '#tate of the *olphin
• ich "ason, #> ? eneral "anager "y#$% (4, Oracle• 'o!as 4lin, > "y#$% +ngineering, Oracle
C&sto!er +@periences
Hari Tatrakal, *irector of *ataase #ervices, %ive ationOlaniyi Osinowo
, "y#$% ? Open #o&rce 'echnologies %ea!rnie So"rada ? #o$ W"lts%, *ataase +ngineers, int
"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance ains
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"y#$% Cl&ster erfor!ance ains
#ynchrono&s A8 < Operation definition and execution are separated.
< #ingle &ser thread can define a $at% of operations, thenthe! together, ith only one A8 U *( ro&nd trip < A transaction can contain one or !ore atches of operati < 1 "ser tread < 1 e=e%"tin. transa%tion
Asynchrono&s A8 adds ;
< #ingle &ser thread can define, e@ec&te and ait for the re!<iple independent transactions. < 1 "ser tread < n e=e%"tin. transa%tions
Async Api allo#s the number o$ client threads to be reduced giving e$
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