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Confined Spaces
Brian E Grunes
Confined Spaces
Regulations 1997
Common Misconceptions
• One way in /out
• Small - confined
• Needs a rescue team
• Below ground
• Has hazards
Definition of a Confined Space
The Confined Space Regulations define the term as being:
“Any space, including chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well, or other similar space
in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there
arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk.”
Decision making process flowchart (19) Figure 1
• Serious injury to any person at work arising from a fire or explosion
• Loss of consciousness of any person at work arising from an increase
in body temperature
• Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any person at work arising from
gas, fume, vapour or the lack of oxygen
• Drowning of any person at work arising from an increase in the level of
liquid
• Asphyxiation of any person at work arising from a free flowing solid or
the inability to reach a respirable environment due to entrapment by a free
flowing solid
Is the area a
Confined
Space?
Regulations apply even if specified risk
is controlled
Specified risksExamples
Serious injury to any person at work arising from fire or
explosion
Worker badly burned after firm ignores safety
risks
• Hired to remove three disused oil
tanks.
• Angle grinder to cut a hole in one of the
tanks.
• Inserted a high pressure water lance
into a pipe opening caused a blow-
back of flames.
• Hartwell Manufacturing Ltd, of Milner
Way, Ossett, was fined £10,000 and
ordered to pay £7,885 in full costs
Loss of consciousness of any person at
work arising from an increase in
body temperature
Oven death firm Pyranha Mouldings guilty of
manslaughter
Alan Catterall, 54, tried to escape using a crowbar but suffered severe
burns at the Pyranha Mouldings factory in Runcorn
Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any person at
work arising from gas, fume, vapour or lack of oxygen
• Freon R22
• Oxygen less than 6%
• 3 enter to rescue not following procedure
Trawler (Sunbeam)
Crewmember Killed in
Confined-Space Accident 14/08/2018
Asphyxiation of any person at work arising from a free
flowing solid or inability to reach a respirable atmosphere
due to entrapment in a free flowing solid.
• 19yr old Zach Dean Fox was trying to
clear blockage
• Seamore Farming, Denholm, Hawick
• £45k
A teenager worker died in an “entirely avoidable
tragedy” involving a grain silo, according to HSE.
ACoPThe Approved Code Of Practice
• Meaning of confined space
• Application of regulations
• Duties under the regulations
• Risk assessment (factors to be assessed)
• Preventing the need for entry.
• Duties with regard to design and construction of CS
• Safe working in confined spaces (precautions, suitability)
• Emergency procedures
• Plant and equipment
• Training
Safe work in confined spaces Confined Spaces
Regulations 1997.
Approved Code of Practice, Regulations and Guidance
L101 HSE
Books 1997 ISBN 0 7176 6622 5
NC2
NC3
NC4
National Categories OGN
NC1
6150
City & Guilds Scheme-Confined
Spaces Entry
Atmospheric Hazards
• Oxygen Deficient
• Oxygen Enriched
• Flammable
• Toxic
Oxygen Levels
Normal, safe oxygen levels
At 17% you'll start developing symptoms
like apathy, loss of balance, drowsiness
and possible nausea.
At 14% you could be unconscious
At 12% you might be dead
Flammable, explosion risk,
Spontaneous combustion.
0%
19%
23%
20.9%
At 16% you’ll probably fall over
Safe Working in Confined Spaces
• Supervision
• Competence
• Communications
• Testing /monitoring
• Gas purging
• Ventilation
• Removal of residues
• Isolation of gases, liquids, M&E
• Selection of equipment
• PPE & RPE
• Portable cylinders & IC engines
• Gas supplied by pipes and hoses
• Access & Egress
• Fire Prevention
• Lighting
• Static electricity
• Smoking
• Emergencies & Rescue
• Limited Working Time
Emergency Arrangements
• Self Rescue
• Non Entry
• On Site Rescue• Basic Casualty Extraction
• Full Rescue
• Emergency Services
Mobile and Relocatable
unit capability
Thank you
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