congenital anomalies & t heir incidence rates
Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Congenital Anomalies & Their Incidence RatesWadie Waterman
In General…• Congenital anomalies
are also known as birth defects• About 3-4% of babies
are born with congenital anomalies• Most occur due to
environmental and genetic factors• Often the causes are
unknown
• Many parents assume that all birth defects are severe or even fatal, but the fact is that many are treatable, often immediately after birth — and sometimes even before the baby is born.
Genetic and Environmental Causes• Inheritance• Chromosome abnormalities• Single gene defects• Multifactorial inheritance (many factors involved)• Teratogens (a birth defect causing agent like alcohol abuse)
Most Common • Cleft lip and palate• Can occur separately
on in conjunction with one another• Unilateral or bilateral• Occur 1 per every 500-
700 births
Most Common• Syndactyly &
polydactyly• Syndactyly occurs
when a newborns digits fail to separate, resulting in webbed hands or feet• Polydactyly is the
complete or partial duplication of digits
Most Common• Radial Dysplasia &
Hyperplasia• “clubhand”• Failure of the radius
and adjacent soft tissues to fully develop
Congenital Heart Defects• Approximately 8 out of
every 1,000 newborns have congenital heart defects, ranging from mild to severe.
• Result in incomplete or abnormal development of the fetus’ heart during very early stages of pregnancy.
• Usually causes are unknown but can be associated with genetic disorders.
• Common ones:• Aortic Stenosis• Atrial Septal Defect• Atrioventricular Canal
Defect• Coarction of the Aorta• Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome• Pulmonary Atresia• Pulmonary Stenosis
Congenital Brain Defects• Spina Bifida• Meningomyelocele• Hydroencephalus• Schizencephaly (split
brain)• Megalencephaly
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