construction material brick
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BRICKS
Compiled by : FD Architects Forum
Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment
Bhawani Singh RoadC-scheme , Jaipur -302001
Rajasthan ( INDIA)
Ph. 91-0141-2743536
Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in
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Construction Material : BRICK
Bricks was the first building material to be made by
man
There is deep satisfaction in constructing a building
from units scaled to a mans hand Bricks has been used consistently from Egyptians to
modern day American buildings
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Able to identify the type of bricks
Able to identify the process making brick
Able to identify the advantage anddisadvantage of using bricks
Able to identify the method to test the brick
Todays objectives:
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An Introduction : Bricks
Bricks can be categorized according to different use:
Load bearing wall
Non-Load bearing wall
Insulation wall
Covering wall
Selection of bricks based on their using.
Standard size of bricks is 9x 4 x 3
Its can made from clay, sand & lime, cement mortar.
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Bricks
Sand Lime Clay Mortar
Normal Engineering Face
Type of Bricks
Fly Ash
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Sand Lime Brick
These are made by using mix of lime and sand
that ratio is 1:8.
Brick will curing in autoclave in 8 hours
That curing will produced high compressive
strength and more hard brick.
These used for wall that will exposed in water
with higher compressive strength
Type of Bricks
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Sand Lime Brick
Type of Bricks
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Made with mix of cement, sand and water.
These use steel or wood mould to form it. Normally, the design do not produce a good
appearance and come out with rough surface.
Mortar Brick
Type of Bricks
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Mortar Brick
Type of Bricks
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Fly ash Brick
Type of Bricks
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Brick Masonry terms
Bonding - the method of laying masonry units in a wall in aregular pattern for strength & generally in such a way that
there are no continuous vertical joints in successive courses.
Type of brick bond :
1. Flemish Bond
2. English Bond
3. Stretcher bond
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Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in
every course. Each header is placed centrally between
the stretcher immediately above and below. This is not
as strong as the English bond at 1 brick thick
Flemish Bond
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Alternative courses of headers and stretchers; one header
placed centrally above each stretcher.This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick (or
thicker).
One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.
English Bond
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Easiest bond to lay & minimizes the amount of cutting
required
Originally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2
brick walls it became the obvious choice for cavity
walls as less cutting was required.
Stretcher Bond
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RAW MATERIAL PREPARATION
MAKING PROCESS
SETTING & DRYING
PACKAGING
FIRING
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Gathering CrushingStorage
Screening Grinding
Pug mill
Raw Material Preparation
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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The Making Process
Clay will grinded with 15% of water.
The clay will be pushed through the mould base
on the shape.
After that, clay will cut to get a standard size of
brick using wire.
Sometimes, bricks will produced using big mouldthat clay will be press that using hydraulic
machine (this method, clay will grind 10% of
water) or without hydraulic press (with 30% of water)
Extruder
Extruding
Clay in mold boxesDumping mold box
Slide extruded bricks
Reel cutter for
slicing brick
Molded bricks
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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The Making Process
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Setting and Drying
After bricks in form,
indentation or perforation to
the bricks.
Wet unit bricks will be drying
in space or room with control
temperature to make sure the
bricks in complete dry.
Hand setting on kiln car Separating sliced Setting on kiln car
normal
perforationindentation
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Setting and Drying
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Setting and Drying
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Firing
Dry bricks, was compile in kiln to firing process with 600oC
(temperature).
The main stage of firing are:
100 oc evaporation of water
400 0c burning of carbon and sulfur
9001000 0c Strengthen the bricks
Maintaining control of the temperature is most important
Too rapid fireover burning the external layer
Too slowseriously impairs the strength and durability
Stronger brick such as Engineering Brick, are normally fired at higher
temperature
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Firing
Inside tunnel kiln Brick inside kiln Firing brick
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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After exiting the kiln, the brick is allowed to cool prior to handling.
Proper sorting and packaging of the brick after burning is extremely
important.
Broken, twisted and otherwise mechanically defective brick are
discarded at this stage.
Brick color and range is carefully monitored to assure a quality
product.
Packaging
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Packaging
Brick awaiting packaging Manual Rechecking
Packaged cube of brick Inventory Packaging
Brick Manufacturing Processes
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Fly ash bricks
Brick Manufacturing Processes
Fly ash bricks manufacturing plant
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Advantages of Brick
* Brick will not burn, buckle or melt.
* Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade.
* Brick will not rust and corrode.
* Brick will not dent.
* Brick will not fade from the Sun's UV Rays.
* Brick will not be damaged by high winds, rain or hail.
* Brick will not require constant maintenance.
* Brick will not devalue.
* Brick will not limit your personal expression.* Brick will not limit your design options.
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Indian Standards (IS CODE) for bricksObjective To control quality of the brick
IS CODE Title1077:1992 Specification for common burnt clay building bricks (fifth revision)
2117:1991 Guide for manufacture of hand-
made-common burnt clay building
2180:1988bricks (third revision) Specification for heavy duty burnt clay
building bricks (third revision)
22221991Specification for burnt clay perforated building bricks (Fourth
Revision)
26911988 Specification for burnt clay facing bricks (second revision)
3495(Parts 1 to4)
:1992Methods of test of burnt clay building bricks (third revision)
3583:1988 Specification for burnt clay paving bricks (second revision)
4885:1988 Specification for sewer bricks first revision
5454:1978 Methods for sampling of clay building bricks
5779:1986 Specification for burnt clay soling bricks (first revision)
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Brick work
Brickarrangement inbrick work
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Brick Work Brickarrangement inbrick work
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Brick Work
Brickarrangement inbrick work
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Brick Test
Six Brick Test
Compressive Strength Test
Water Absorption Test
Efflorescence Test
Initial Rate of Absorption Test
Moisture Expansion Test
Salt attack resistance Test
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Compressive Strength Test
Fairly obviously, this is the ability of the masonry unit (brick or
block) to resist crushing loads, eg the weight of the roof that
the wall is supporting, plus the weight of the wall itself. The
designer of the structure needs to be sure that the masonry
unit will be able to carry the load being placed upon it,
including any live loads.
The bricks, when tested in accordance with the procedure laid
down in IS 3495 (Part 1) : 1992 shall have a minimum
average compressive strength for various classes as given
in TABLE
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Water Absorption Test
A standard soaking-in-water test can determine theporosity of bricks, which can then be used as an
indication of the potential for the development of
problems related to the penetration of salts and
other materials into the units, such as salt attackand efflorescence.
The bricks, when tested in accordance with the
procedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part 2) : 1992
after immersion in cold water for 24 hours,water absorption shall not be more than 20 %
by weight up to class 12.5
and 15 % by weight for higher classes.
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Efflorescence Test
Efflorescence is a deposit of salts, usually white,on the surface of bricks and blocks after being
laid. The salts usually come from ground water or
out of the mortar, but may come from within the
masonry units themselves. This test predicts the likelihood that the units will
display such unsightly deposits from salts that
they already contain.
The bricks when tested in accordance with theprocedure laid down in IS 3495 (Part 3 ) : 1992
Standard Mark. the rating of efflorescence shall
not be more than moderate up to class 12.5 and
slight for higher classes
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Short Quizzes
1. How many type of bricks? And briefly explain each ofthem.
2. How many processes involved in manufacture bricks.
3. Give 3 advantages of brick.
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