cook-that-dish patterns for tacos: a tool for collaborative cooking (purplsoc2017)

PURPLSOC 2017

Taco Patterns Cook-That-Dish Patterns for Tacos: A Tool for Collaborative Cooking

Ayaka Yoshikawa Hitomi Shimizu Takashi Iba

Iba Laboratory, Keio University t14595ay@sfc.keio.ac.jp

CCC

CCreation

CCConsumption Communication

CCreation

CCConsumption Communication

Consumptive Society

Communicative (Information)

Society

Creative Society

Essential part of everyday life

Shift in the role of “cooking” in people’s lives

Optional activity that one can choose to engage in or notWidespread availability of restaurants,

take-out options, and ready-made foods

Reluctance/intimidation about cooking

Essential for survival

Clear divide between those who cook/those who consume

CCreation

CCConsumption Communication

Consumptive Society

Communicative (Information)

Society

Creative Society

Cooking can be a highly creative activity that can give both the person engaged in the cooking as well as those who consume the product, a sense of pleasure, satisfaction, and a higher quality of life

Prior Research Dealing with the Topic of Cooking & Patterns

Cooking Patterns (Akado, et al, 2016)

The Cooking Language (Isaku, et al, 2015)

Co-Cooking Patterns (Isaku & Iba, 2015)

Cooking Life Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2016)

Patterns on the general knowledge of cooking

Language to understand individual ingredients and their functions

Pattern for enhancing communication in collaborative cooking sessions

Patterns on how to incorporate the activity of cooking into everyday life

Cook-That-Dish Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2017)Patterns that provide instructions on how to cook a certain dish

Cooking Fun Language (Shimizu, et al, 2017) Language for sharing how to enjoy cooking

On-the-spot support that directly affects people’s actions in

the kitchen

You are cutting the ingredients for the sauce.

Grinding or gratinggarlic may bring out bitterness or too much aroma.

　　　 　Bring out the right amount of aroma by finely chopping the garlic with a knife.

Chop with a KnifeBring out the right amount of flavor

No-touch policy is best for the dashi

Dried Bonito Dashi

You have brought a pot of water to a boil.

If you put the dried bonito in the boiling water and stir it constantly, it will bring out a bitter taste.

Take the pot off of the heat, put the dried bonito in, and let it naturally sink to the bottom.

Cook-That-Dish Patterns

Taco Patterns Miso Soup Patterns Carbonara Patterns

Cook-That-Dish forPatterns Tacos

Team Tortillaトルティーヤ

難易度：★★★ 必要なもの適切人数：6-9 生地をつくる人（2-3）、 伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）

ベーキングパウダー

サランラップ

お湯

PatternsTaco

Team Tortillaトルティーヤ

難易度：★★★ 必要なもの適切人数：6-9 生地をつくる人（2-3）、 伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）

ベーキングパウダー

サランラップ

お湯

Context

Solution

Problem

Pattern Name&

Intro

Illustration

Components of a Cook-That-Dish Pattern

Significance of Using the Pattern Format

The patterns provide an insight on the reason behind each cooking process By understanding why a certain action must be taken, a person is able to take in the information and use it to make decisions on his/her own discretion

• Context: the timing in which one should perform the pattern

• Problem: what would happen if the pattern is not performed

• Solution: what to do to prevent the problem from happening

Explains a certain step in the cooking process in the pattern format:

Context

Problem

Solution

The Process of Creating the Taco Patterns

① Data collection: extracted tips/methods that play a significant role in the cooking process

② Data organization: created a recipe-like list of steps to take in making each component of the taco

③ Pattern writing & symbolizing: wrote down each cooking step in the pattern format

+ revising

5 Categories of Taco Patterns

Pico de Gallo Guacamole Meat

Tortilla Other Toppings

5 Categories of Taco Patterns

5 Categories of Taco Patterns

Team Tortillaトルティーヤ

難易度：★★★ 必要なもの適切人数：6-9 生地をつくる人（2-3）、 伸ばす人（2-3）、焼く人（2-3）

ベーキングパウダー

サランラップ

お湯

Whole Collection of the Taco Patterns

27 patterns divided into 5 categories

Using the Taco Patterns: Collaborative Cooking Sessions

• Cooking parties, in which university students (& teachers) cook together in groups.

• Participants have varying cooking experiences; some cook for themselves everyday, while some have rarely used a knife.

Using the Taco Patterns: Collaborative Cooking Sessions

Enable people with varying cooking experiences to cook a meal together… Without having experienced people take over the process and the others observing as bystanders.

Collaborative Cooking Sessions

5 workshops with around 15 to 35 people in each session, engaging more than 100 participants in total.

Cooking with the Pattern Cards

• Divided participants into 5 teams according to the categories, and gave each team corresponding pattern cards & ingredients

• Participants take time to go over the pattern cards with each other one by one and decide the order in which they will carry out the patterns

• After the teams have established a common understanding of the process, each team cooks their part of the taco according to the patterns

• The patterns are used as reference to guide the collaborative cooking process

• In the end, the finished parts are served in individual dishes, and a buffet-style taco dinner is ready for everyone to enjoy.

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team Meat Participant A

Participant B

“Hey, can you have a taste and see if this tastes okay? I feel like I made it too spicy…”

“I think it’s good! The Enough Punch pattern said it should be slightly over seasoned anyway.”

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team Meat Participant A

Participant B

“Hey, can you have a taste and see if this tastes okay? I feel like I made it too spicy…”

“I think it’s good! The Enough Punch pattern said it should be slightly over seasoned anyway.”

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team TortillaParticipant C

Participant D

“Okay, let’s start cooking the tortillas. We need a Teaspoon of Oil for each tortilla right?”

“Right, and make sure to cook them 45 Seconds Per Side… I think the heat should be lowered since they’re cooking a lot faster”

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team TortillaParticipant C

Participant D

“Okay, let’s start cooking the tortillas. We need a Teaspoon of Oil for each tortilla right?”

“Right, and make sure to cook them 45 Seconds Per Side… I think the heat should be lowered since they’re cooking a lot faster”

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team Pico de Gallo

“I see now why Draining After Cutting is so important. Look at all the juice that came out! I guess we should have left them in the colander longer”

Participant

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Patterns functioning as common vocabulary

Conversation sample: Team Pico de Gallo

“I see now why Draining After Cutting is so important. Look at all the juice that came out! I guess we should have left them in the colander longer”

Participant

“By taking the time to go over each pattern, [the participant] was able to learn about why each step had to be taken. [The participant felt] like the ‘problem’ section was the most insightful part.”

“Even though [the participant] had very little experience with cooking, [the participant] was able to partake in the cooking process because the patterns allowed everyone to be ‘on the same page’”

After the cooking sessions, there were cases in which participants convened their own cooking sessions using the Taco Patterns, with a new group of participants.

Feedback from Participants

You are cutting the ingredients for the sauce.

Grinding or gratinggarlic may bring out bitterness or too much aroma.

　　　 　Bring out the right amount of aroma by finely chopping the garlic with a knife.

Chop with a KnifeBring out the right amount of flavor

No-touch policy is best for the dashi

Dried Bonito Dashi

You have brought a pot of water to a boil.

If you put the dried bonito in the boiling water and stir it constantly, it will bring out a bitter taste.

Take the pot off of the heat, put the dried bonito in, and let it naturally sink to the bottom.

Cook-That-Dish Patterns

Taco PatternsMiso Soup PatternsCarbonara Patterns

Other Methods to Create Opportunities for People to Cook

Taco Patterns Party-style collaborative cooking

Miso Soup PatternsIncrease people’s cooking repertoire

Carbonara PatternsTeaching-style

You are cutting the ingredients for the sauce.

Grinding or gratinggarlic may bring out bitterness or too much aroma.

　　　 　Bring out the right amount of aroma by finely chopping the garlic with a knife.

Chop with a KnifeBring out the right amount of flavor

No-touch policy is best for the dashi

Dried Bonito Dashi

You have brought a pot of water to a boil.

If you put the dried bonito in the boiling water and stir it constantly, it will bring out a bitter taste.

Take the pot off of the heat, put the dried bonito in, and let it naturally sink to the bottom.

Patterns can be

1. Effective tool to involve participants with varying experiences

2. A practical format to convey meaning behind cooking processes

3. A valid tool for simultaneous, distributed cooking processes

All participants are involved regardless of experience by having a common vocabulary to communicate about the cooking process

By conveying the meaning behind cooking processes in a practical, concise manner, even beginners can grasp the good practices in cooking

Categorized pattern cards enables a relatively large number of people to cook simultaneously

Prior Research Dealing with the Topic of Cooking & Patterns

Cooking Patterns (Akado, et al, 2016)

The Cooking Language (Isaku, et al, 2015)

Co-Cooking Patterns (Isaku & Iba, 2015)

Cooking Life Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2016)

Patterns on the general knowledge of cooking

Language to understand individual ingredients and their functions

Pattern for enhancing communication in collaborative cooking sessions

Patterns on how to incorporate the activity of cooking into everyday life

Cook-That-Dish Patterns (Yoshikawa, et al, 2017)Patterns that provide instructions on how to cook a certain dish

Cooking Fun Language (Shimizu, et al, 2017) Language for sharing how to enjoy cooking

On-the-spot support that directly affects people’s actions in

the kitchen

References

Akado, Y., Shibata, S., Yoshikawa, A., Sano, A., and Iba, T. (2016) “Cooking Patterns: A Pattern Language for Everyday Cooking,” 5th Asian Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (AsianPLoP2016), Taiwan, Mar., 2016

Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., and Silverstein, M., Jacobson, M., Fiksdahi-King, I. and Angel, S. (1977) A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press.

Iba, T., & Isaku, T. (2016). A pattern language for creating pattern languages: 364 patterns for pattern mining, writing, and symbolizing. In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs.

Isaku, T., Kubonaga, E., Iba, T. (2015). “The Cooking Language: Applying the Theory of Patterns into Cooking” pp.234-248

Isaku, T., Iba, T.Creative CoCooking Patterns: A Pattern Language for Creative Collaborative Cooking, 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2015.

Isaku, T., Iba, T. (2014). Towards a Pattern Language for Cooking: A Generative Approach to Cooking, 19th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs, 2014.

Shibata, S., Kogure, S., Shimizu, H., & Iba, T. (2016) “Pattern Symbolizing Patterns - Showing the content and value by expressions to encourage intuitive comprehension,” 23rd Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP2016), USA, Oct., 2016

Yoshikawa, A., Akado, Y., Shibata, S., & Iba, T. (2016) “Cooking Life Patterns: A Pattern Language for Enjoying: Cooking in Everyday Life,” 21st European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (EuroPLoP2016), Germany, Jul., 2016

PURPLSOC 2017

Taco Patterns Cook-That-Dish Patterns for Tacos: A Tool for Collaborative Cooking

Ayaka Yoshikawa Hitomi Shimizu Takashi Iba

Iba Laboratory, Keio University t14595ay@sfc.keio.ac.jp