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Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Chapter 27
Vital SignsChapter 27
Vital Signs
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).
All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Produced in the United States of America
ISBN 0-7216-9770-4
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
IntroductionIntroduction
Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status.
Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Emotional influences• Stress• Fear
Physical influences• Illness• Drinking or eating• Rushed
Emotional influences• Stress• Fear
Physical influences• Illness• Drinking or eating• Rushed
Factors Influencing Vital SignsFactors Influencing Vital Signs
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.
Temperature readings• Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F
Thermometer types• Glass (Figure 27-2) • Electronic (Figure 27-7)• Tympanic (Figure 27-8)
Procedure
Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.
Temperature readings• Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F
Thermometer types• Glass (Figure 27-2) • Electronic (Figure 27-7)• Tympanic (Figure 27-8)
Procedure
TemperatureTemperature
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Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer.Fig. 27-2 Glass thermometer.
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Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer.Fig. 27-7 Electronic thermometer.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer.Fig. 27-8 Tympanic thermometer.
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.
Pulse sites• Radial artery• Brachial artery• Carotid artery
Pulse Characteristics• Rate• Rhythm• Volume
A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.
Pulse sites• Radial artery• Brachial artery• Carotid artery
Pulse Characteristics• Rate• Rhythm• Volume
PulsePulse
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Pulse readings• Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute• Child: 70-120 beats per minute
Irregularity• Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force
or rhythm of the heartbeat Procedure
Pulse readings• Adult resting: 60-100 beats per minute• Child: 70-120 beats per minute
Irregularity• Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force
or rhythm of the heartbeat Procedure
Pulse cont’dPulse cont’d
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”
Respiration characteristics• Rate: Total number of breaths per minute• Rhythm: Breathing pattern • Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled
Respiration readings• Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute• Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute
Procedure
The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”
Respiration characteristics• Rate: Total number of breaths per minute• Rhythm: Breathing pattern • Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled
Respiration readings• Adult: 10-20 breaths per minute• Child to teenage: 18-30 breaths per minute
Procedure
RespirationRespiration
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.
Two pressures of the heart• Systolic: Reflects the amount of
pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels.
• Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction.
The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.
Two pressures of the heart• Systolic: Reflects the amount of
pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels.
• Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction.
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Blood pressure readings• Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic
Blood pressure equipment• Sphygmomanometer
• Cuff• Rubber bulb
• Stethoscope • Automated blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds• Five phases of sounds
Blood pressure readings• Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic
Blood pressure equipment• Sphygmomanometer
• Cuff• Rubber bulb
• Stethoscope • Automated blood pressure
Korotkoff sounds• Five phases of sounds
Blood Pressure cont’dBlood Pressure cont’d
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