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Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall
Prentice HallPoliticalScienceInteractive
Magleby et al.Government by the People
Chapter 12The Presidency:
The Leadership Branch
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Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Separate Powers
The United States is one of the few
world powers that is neither a
parliamentary democracy nor a wholly executive-
dominated government
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Structure and Powers of the Presidency: Defining the
Presidency
At the constitutional convention, the
Framers debated whether the
president should be elected via a direct
election or through an electoral college
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The Mexican President
One of the most powerful executives in the democratic world
Vincente Fox: election in 2000 was first break from PRI party in 71 years
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The Presidential Ticket Originally, the vice-president was the runner-up in the electoral college vote
The 12th Amendment (1804) encouraged two candidates to run together as a presidential ticket
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President as Commander-in-Chief
President is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, but Congress is charged with declaring wars
“Presidential prerogative” versus War Powers Act
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Presidential Powers: Diplomat-in-Chief
Appointing ambassadors
Receiving ambassadors
Treaties
Executive Agreements
Fast-track trade authority
Meeting with foreign leaders to forge ties and make formal alliances
Foreign policy tools:
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Presidential Powers: Administrator in Chief
Appoints leaders of important agencies
Issues executive orders
• Proclamations• National security
directives• Presidential decision
directives
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Presidential Succession
What are the ways that a president can leave the office?
Impeachment, reelection defeat, retirement, death
Twenty-second AmendmentTwenty-fifth Amendment
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The War Power
In 1973, Congress enacted the War Powers act in order to limit the ability of the president to commit the armed forces of the United States
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Executive Privilege
In an attempt to hide his role in the
Watergate scandal, President Richard
Nixon unsuccessfully tried to invoke
executive privilege to prevent the release of tapes of his meetings
to Congress Boxes of newly released files from Richard M. Nixon's presidential
papers
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The First Presidency
Precedents set by Washington
Presidential title
Two term limit
White House staff
Department secretaries
President as sole authority in supervising executive branch
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The First Modern Presidency
New Deal program ideas came from his “Brain Trust”
Policy Achievements: FDIC, SEC, Wagner Act, Social Security, minimum wages, maximum working hours, mortgage protections
FDR inspects some Civilian Conservation Corps camps in the Shenandoah Valley
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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The White House Staff
Three models for running the White House staff
Competitive
Hierarchical Collegial
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The Cabinet
Advisory council for the president, consisting of the heads of the executive departments, the
vice president, and a few other officials selected by the president
Departments of Defense, Justice, State, and Treasury
The Inner Cabinet
The Cabinet
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The Vice Presidency
Benjamin Franklin: Vice President should be addressed as, “your Superfluous Excellency”
Beginning in the 1950s, the role of Vice President became more important
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The First Lady
During much of the nation’s history, first ladies were limited to behind-the-scenes activities
This changed with Eleanor Roosevelt and again with Hillary Clinton
Eleanor Roosevelt
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People & Politics: Condoleezza Rice
Born in segregated Birmingham, Alabama in 1954
In 1999 became foreign policy advisor to George W. Bush during election campaign
In 2005 named Secretary of State
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Presidents as Crisis Managers and Morale Builders
The President performs important ceremonial functions, in both good times and times of crisis
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Presidents as Agenda Setters
National Security Policy
Economic Policy
Domestic Policy
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Presidents as Persuaders
Instead of persuading lawmakers face-to-face, presidents can use their “bully pulpit”
to sway public opinion
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The Constitutional Framework
The Constitution ensures that the President and Congress have
Competing constituencies
Competing calendars
Competing campaigns
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The Chief Executive: The BudgetDecember
The president and the OMB director prepare The Budget of the United
States GovernmentEach budget is named for the fiscal year in which it ends
Late January
President presents Congress with the Budget for the fiscal year beginning
October 1st
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The President as Chief Legislator and Lobbyist
Presidential legislative authority:
1. Veto power2. Recommend
measures3. State of the Union
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