corey wowk - sentient city - final
Post on 08-Apr-2018
228 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
1/24
UNDERGROUND AND THE CITY
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
2/24
density of the city
Adjacency of water + Cities
wwww.fl
ikr.co
m
wwww.fl
ikr.com
Underground and the City
The Water Underground
Cities are complex entities consisting of muliple
layers of infrastructure. Often the most attributed and
recognized infrastructure typologies are those that are
above the surface. While inhabitants are often living
above-grade, connections to the subterrainean levels
happens not only via transportation, but have a direct
correlation to the citys utilities and public works. Con-
versely, the association of the city to its waterways
and its link to water - both waste and potable has a
critical impact on the vitality and lively-hood of the city
and its in habitants.
New York City, while being surrounded and di-rectly correlated to its waterways is often praised for
providing its residents with some of the highest quatl-
ity potable water of any city. However, this quality of
water, along with New Yorks waterways are often
threatened by the unexpected discharge of waste wa-
ter, causing potential environmental and health issues
to not only the residents of New York City, but the sur-rounding ecosystems.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
CH 01 CH 02 CH 03 CH 04 CH 05 CH 06 CH 07 CH 08 CH 09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
3/24
new yorkers and the waters edge
infiltration of water on streets
wwww.fl
ikr.co
m
wwww.fl
ikr.com
Underground and the City
Play and Puddles
As the emergence of a revitalized waterfront be-
comes more populated, New Yorkers are once again
creating a connection to the city and its waterways.
This re-discovered adjancency between the city and
the waters edge is providing more awareness of thisnatural beauty that surrounds the 5 boroughs.
While leisure and enjoyment near the waters
edge are often seen as the main interaction between
water and the city dwellers, the puddles that line city
sidewalks, and are meticulously traversed after a rain/
snow storm defines the direct interaction between wa-
ter and the urban fabric.These puddles, while being a collection of storm
water and ground pollutants find their way through
drains, catch basins, and man holes to the sewer sys-
tem below the city streets.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
CH 09 CH 08 CH 07 CH 06 CH 05 CH 04 CH 03 CH 02 CH 01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
4/24
Ice damming on Broadway and 96th st
Overflowing drains in Chinatown
www.fl
ikr.com
www.F
likr.com
Underground and the City
Water Overflow
Runoff from rain and melting snow, street and
sidewalk washing, and other outdoor activities flows
into catchbasins in the streets and from there into the
sewers. In some New York City neighborhoods, run-
off from the streets is carried by separate storm sew-ers directly to local streams, rivers and bays. In most
areas of the City, sanitary and industrial wastewater,
rainwater and street runoff are collected in the same
sewers and then conveyed together to the Citys treat-
ment plants. This is known as a combined sewer sys-
tem. During heavy rains or snow, combined sewers fill
to capacity and are unable to carry the combined sani-tary and storm sewage to the water filtration plants.
When this occurs the mix of excess storm water and
untreated sewage flows directly into the Citys water-
ways. This is called combined sewer overflow (CSO).
Approximately 70 percent of the City sewers are com-
bined.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
CH 01 CH 02 CH 03 CH 04 CH 05 CH 06 CH 07 CH 08 CH 09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
5/24
Installation of sewer tunnel
excavation of earth to create tunnel
www.nyc.gov
www.nyc.gov
Underground and the City
Development of sewers and Water
During the 19th Century, much of New York City
became threatened with Cholora due to the lack of
proper sanitation, and inadequate disposal of sewage.
Much of the sewage from the city was tossed into the
gutter, where it would sit, and stagnate until the waterwas absorbed by the ground. However, this did not
mitigate the stench left over by these open sewers,
nor did it prevent the spread of disease throughout the
city.
With the introduction of a much needed sew-
er system, many of the public health problems were
significantly reduced, and the diplacement of sewagefrom the street could now be directed down through
to the sewer system, where it is sent to waste water
treatment plants. Currently, 14 waste water treatment
facilities are located in New York City
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
CH 09 CH 08 CH 07 CH 06 CH 05 CH 04 CH 03 CH 02 CH 01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
6/24
Future Water supply tunnels
Development of Water supply Tunnels
www.Underc
ity.org
www.undercity.org
Underground and the City
water supply tunnels
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
7/24
Canal Street Sewer
Canal street Sewer
http://www.undercity.org
http://www.undercity.org
Underground and the City
Canal Street
One of the earliest sewers that is still being used
today, is the Canal Street Sewer, which runs undern-
neath the road. While this this sewer was originally, a
waterway, both waste water and storm water are dis-
charged into the sewer, and its destination terminatesat the Hudson River.
Though this sewer may seem to be uncommon,
in that it connects directly into the river system, this
connection, as not as rare as it may initially sound.
Such is the case, as a sewer becomes overtaxed
during intense rain events when the sheer volume of
stormwater and wastewater entering the system fillsthem to capacity, leaving no space for excess water
to enter. In this condition, described as a sewer be-
ing surcharged, the excess stormwater remains above
ground. Unless absorbed by green spaces or chan-
neled to a body of water, this flooding can flow off the
street into below-grade areas such as driveways, pa-
tios and basements.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
8/24
axonometric section cut below grade
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/nyunderground/
Underground and the City
Sub-terrainean Urban Fabric
This image displays the varying sub-surface
layers, and the complexity of the urban fabric below
grade.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
9/24
Seperate Sewer Areas
Combined Sewer Area
www.reno.gov
www.reno.gov
Underground and the City
Sewer Types
Separate Sewer Areas
In some New York City neighborhoods, sani-
tary waste and stormwater runoff are channeled in
separate sewer systems: sanitary waste is carriedto wastewater treatment plants while stormwater is
channeled directly to local streams, rivers, and bays.
Combined Sewer Areas
In most areas of the City, sanitary and industrial
wastewater, rainwater and street runoff are collectedin the same sewers and then conveyed together to the
Citys treatment plants. This is known as a combined
sewer system. Approximately 70 percent of the City
sewers are combined.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
10/24
single system - street level to sewer
catch basin
www.nyc.gov
www.nyc.gov
Underground and the City
single system diagrams
During heavy rain and snow storms, combined
sewers receive higher than normal flows. Treatment
plants are unable to handle flows that are more than
twice the design capacity. When this occurs, a mix
of excess stormwater and untreated wastewater dis-charges directly into the Citys waterways at certain
outfalls. This is called a combined sewer overflow
(CSO).CSOs are a concern because of their effect on
water quality and recreational uses.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
11/24
steam release from Sewer
maintenance crews work on sewer
www.fl
ikr.com
www.fl
ikr.com
underground and the City
sewer maintenance
When problems occur within the sewer system,
public work crews are dispatched to alleviate the prob-
lems within the targeted area. However, overflow pe-
riods and dispatched responses may not overlap, as
overflowing basins and sewers may recede and thedischarge of raw sewage already taken place once
public work crews arrive.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
12/24
a device to monitor moisture and water
NYC water testing station
www.nyc.gov
www.amazon.com
Underground and the City
Analysis
Currently, NYC analyzes the quality of drinking
water at a number of monitoring stations throughout
the city. However, no device is utilized to keep tabs
on the overflowing sewers being discharged at street
level. Due to the high potential health hazards asso-ciated with exposure to raw sewage, it is imperative
to monitor the citys catch basins and man-holes to
ensure the health of city is maintained at reasonable
levels.
There are a number of monitoring devices
available to detect water and moisture levels on the
market today. These sensors come with a price tagof approximately $10-$18, which would directly impact
the deployment and installation of such a monitoring
device. By utilizing a simple wire gauged probe, cost-
ing only a few cents each, monitoring devices can be
deployed through out the city with minimal budget im-
plications.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
13/24
sewer near capacity
Sewer overflowing at catch basins
Sewer at normal level
Sewer Beyond Capacity
underground and the city
Monitoring system
As storm drains fill, and the sewers reach their
capacity, a simple monitoriing device placed near the
top of the of catch basin and man holes can alert those
in the nearby location of a potential overflow.
With this information, residents will be able toreact accordingly to environmental and health safety
warnings within their neighborhood. This information
can either be placed online and monitored in a real-
time analysis for both the public as well as the NYC
Department of Public Works.
Shop keepers, pedestrians and planned street
events could be informed to know whether the streetsand sidewalks are considered safe, and free of sew-
age discharge. With over 70% of NYCs sewers com-
bining both storm water and waste water, the majority
of the city can benefif from this analysis system, and
inform those who utilize the street as both a thorough
fare, as well as a temporary backyard, and place of
respite.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
14/24
3d Printed model with build support
material
underground and the city
proof of concept models
The following pages depict three proof of con-
cept models.
1. Single sensor model
2. Multi-sensor model with Processing
Visualization3. Multi-sensor model with Google Map
Visualization
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
15/24
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
16/24
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
17/24
Arduino code
Processing Code
Underground and the city
Arduino + Procecssing Code
Arduino code enables the sensor to translate
the analog signal to a digital inference. This inturn is
connected to Processing (both Javascript based cod-
ing platforms), which allows for a visual to connect to
the reaction and sensing capabilities from the arduino
sensor.To the right are both Arduino code (above) and
processing code (below) working simultaneously with
each other to exhibit the reaction of the sensors via a
visual display.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
18/24
Display of interacting sensors
Arduino connected to sensors
underground and the city
Visualization and Proof of concept
When Processing is connected to the code
from the Arduino platform, a visual replicadtion of the
actuated sensor is able to be displayed. The image
to the right depicts four locations on the multi sensor
system below that is recognizing an increase in water
within its resivoir.Below is an image showing the proof of con-
cept of a multi-sensor system connected to the ardui-
no board, and detecting water/moisture within its own
quadrant.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
19/24
multi sensor wiring diagram
multiple sensors - proof of concept
underground and the City
multi sensor proof of concept
When first wiring the sensors to the arduino
board, each sensor was connect from a digital pin
and sent through a 10k Ohm resistor. Though this did
work, the capacitance of the sensor was prematurely
setting off a signal. This gave a false reading on some
of the itterative tests.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
20/24
Multi sensor diagram
Exploded axon of model
Underground and the city
Wire diagram and model
The image to the right depicts the connection of
nine sensors from the Arduino board through a proto-
board. By establishing a voltage divider with a resistor
between the ground and the sensing probe, the cur-
rent was able to be pulled down enough, and estab-
lish a true reading between the sensor and the water.These nine sensors connect to a different catch
basin depicted on the exploded axon diagram below.
The exploded axon is a 3D model that was uti-
lized for the production of a physical model via a 3D
printing prototype machine.
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
21/24
map of NYC with locations of monitored storm drains
Underground and the city
Arduino + processing Code
The map, depicted below, of New York Citys Manhattan shows the location of
monitoring devices of the citys storm drain catch basins. When these drains reach their
capacity, the points noted below change colors, and transform from black to red. This
screen capture demonstrates how the sensor technology can be connected to a monitor-
ing device, which displays in real time the problematic areas of potentially overflowing
catchbasins and sewers within the City.
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
22/24
processing code for google map
underground and the City
Processing map and data
collection points
Prior to establishing the Google map in Pro-
cessing, locations denoting the sensor placement
were assigned utilizing a similiar, but parallel process-
ing code. Once the points were chosen, the Google
map of NYC is able to connect those defined points to
the series of sensors connected to Arduino.
processing code establishing sensor
locations
CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
23/24
Top View of Model
Integrated sensors within model
Underground and the city
Model Assembly
CH.09 CH.08 CH.07 CH.06 CH.05 CH.04 CH.03 CH.02 CH.01
-
8/6/2019 Corey Wowk - Sentient City - Final
24/24
Electronic Housing
Connection of wires to model
Underground and the city
Model Assembly
top related