corruption issues
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Seminar on DeepeningSeminar on Deepening
Involvement AgainstInvolvement Against
CorruptionCorruption
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22moduleAnalysis
Reflection
Action
Experience
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Causes andCauses and
ConsequencesConsequencesof Corruptionof Corruption
in the Philippinesin the Philippines
Seminar on Deepening Involvement Against CorruptionSeminar on Deepening Involvement Against Corruption
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Pork BarrelPork Barrel
Countrywide Development FundCountrywide Development Fund(CDF)(CDF)
Priority Development AssistancePriority Development AssistanceFund (PDAF)Fund (PDAF)
to provide access to resources to provide access to resources
to the remotest areas of theto the remotest areas of thecountrycountry hard pork vs. soft pork hard pork vs. soft pork
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What happens to some pork?What happens to some pork?
DBM asks legislator for list of projectsDBM asks legislator for list of projects
Contractors approach legislatorContractors approach legislator
magkano ba? magkano ba?
50% paid at once by contractor 50% paid at once by contractor in cash in cash
Sulo Hotel, office through a third party Sulo Hotel, office through a third party
Legislator submits listLegislator submits list
Corresponding government agency is informed ofCorresponding government agency is informed ofprojectproject
Bidding procedure is simulatedBidding procedure is simulated
Contract is won, signed, and project is implementedContract is won, signed, and project is implemented
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Legi a or 45%
I p e en ing
agency10%
Congre iona
aide
5%
Supp ier
40%Legi a or
I p e en ing agency
Congre iona aide
Supp ier
S ice of he pie for procure enS ice of he pie for procure en
of edicine , book , agazineof edicine , book , agazine
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Legisl r
6
M r
7
r gay Capt3%
Implementing
agency
10%
Contractor
6 %
Legislator
Mayor
arangay Capt
Implementing agency
Contractor
lices ofthe pieSlices ofthe pie
forpublic works projectsforpublic works projects
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ausesauses
Historical rootsHistorical roots
InequalitiesInequalities
Patronage relations as palliativePatronage relations as palliative Competitive politics in a weak stateCompetitive politics in a weak state
Inadequate punitive measuresInadequate punitive measures
Red tapeRed tape
Lack of clear policies discretionLack of clear policies discretion
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ausesauses
Complacency of the faithComplacency of the faith
OtherOther--worldlyworldly
CompartmentalizationCompartmentalization Circumstantial factorsCircumstantial factors
Cultural elementsCultural elements
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Interests that have remainednarrow and parochial
personalistic sense of well-being
Weak sense of public good;
lack of social consciousnesseven among the poor
CULTURE: problemsCULTURE: problems
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CULTURE: problemsCULTURE: problems
AyawnatinnggulAyawnatinnggul
Concern for image and whatConcern for image and whatpeople saypeople say
Distrustof rulesDistrustof rules
Exaggerated and distortedExaggerated and distortedsense ofloyaltyto familyandsense ofloyaltyto familyandfriendsfriends
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We are a people whoWe are a people who
have gotten used to thehave gotten used to theidea that leaders andidea that leaders and
governments are theregovernments are there
to get things done forto get things done for
us.us.
CULTURE: problemsCULTURE: problems
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UtakUtak--alipin vs.alipin vs.
UtakUtak--maymay--ariari
we are not stakeholders in our ownwe are not stakeholders in our own
futurefuture the poor are effectively alipin inthe poor are effectively alipin in
the given sociothe given socio--economic structureeconomic structure
the betterthe better--off: many did not haveoff: many did not haveto work hard for their wealthto work hard for their wealth
mentality: grab what we canmentality: grab what we can
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Why should those who haveWhy should those who havemanaged to grab a piece of themanaged to grab a piece of the
meat in this system want tomeat in this system want toshare the prize with those whoshare the prize with those who
have beenhave been
neither as luckyneither as lucky
nor as enterprising?nor as enterprising?
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Fr. John Carroll, SJ, of the Institute on Church and
Social Issues:
Why should the poor defend a
democracy which has not done
much for them?
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The peopleThe people
suffersuffer
MedicinesMedicines
ghost deliveries or partial deliveries ghost deliveries or partial deliveries full delivery of expiring medicines full delivery of expiring medicines
Roads, bridgesRoads, bridges
inferior quality (pot holes, sinking roads) inferior quality (pot holes, sinking roads) hollow cores, less cement hollow cores, less cement
cut some inches from the road size cut some inches from the road size
unfinished works unfinished works
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onsequen es of orruptiononsequen es of orruption
Poorer sectors suffer more lessPoorer sectors suffer more lessservices, less opportunities services, less opportunities contributing to worsened sociocontributing to worsened socio--economiceconomic
situation and further entrenchingsituation and further entrenchinginequalityinequality
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onsequen es of orruptiononsequen es of orruption
Economic growth is impeded, especiallyEconomic growth is impeded, especiallyas corruption is costly to business and toas corruption is costly to business and to
economic investors:economic investors: actual money [extra payments made to actual money [extra payments made toavoid rules or to speed up theiravoid rules or to speed up theirimplementation]implementation]
potential money [uncertainty/predictability; potential money [uncertainty/predictability;ambiguous and constantly changing rules]ambiguous and constantly changing rules]
money is brought out of the country money is brought out of the country
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onsequen es of orruptiononsequen es of orruption
Government inefficiency: unable toGovernment inefficiency: unable todeliver goods and services [inefficientdeliver goods and services [inefficient
use of already scarce resources]use of already scarce resources] dissatisfaction, frustration of people dissatisfaction, frustration of people
distrust of government, damaging distrust of government, damaginglegitimacylegitimacy
undermining and weakening democracy undermining and weakening democracy
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onsequen es of orruptiononsequen es of orruption
People begin to believe that the best wayPeople begin to believe that the best wayto generate wealth is to take it fromto generate wealth is to take it from
someone else or from government,someone else or from government,instead of producing it themselvesinstead of producing it themselves
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The saddest thing is The saddest thing is
Filipinos have just resignedFilipinos have just resignedthemselves to thethemselves to thecorruption, and have learnedcorruption, and have learned
to accept it as a part of ourto accept it as a part of ourway of life.way of life.
There is no more righteousThere is no more righteousrage.rage.
Corruption persistsCorruption persistsbecause of acquiescence,because of acquiescence,because citizens believe thatbecause citizens believe thatnothing can be done.nothing can be done.
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HALLENGETOALLOF US:HALLENGETOALLOF US:
To do awa with the following dehumanizingTo do awa with the following dehumanizingstru tures:stru tures:
wealth without workwealth without work
commerce without moralitycommerce without morality
pleasure without consciencepleasure without conscience
politics without principlepolitics without principle
knowledge without character and integrityknowledge without character and integrity
science without humanityscience without humanityworship without sacrifice andworship without sacrifice and
culture without spirit.culture without spirit.
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What is orruption?What is orruption?
a veering away from some originala veering away from some originalpure formpure form
a perversion from an original state ofa perversion from an original state ofpurity or integritypurity or integrity
the abuse of power, entrusted by athe abuse of power, entrusted by a
community to their representatives orcommunity to their representatives orleaders, who exploit opportunities forleaders, who exploit opportunities forprivate gain, with the objective ofprivate gain, with the objective ofincreasing wealth or powerincreasing wealth or power
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At least 40 officials of the Public Works andAt least 40 officials of the Public Works andHighways are involved in the P140Highways are involved in the P140--millionmillionvehicle repair scam in 2002. (Philippine Dailyvehicle repair scam in 2002. (Philippine DailyInquirer, 2002)Inquirer, 2002)
Many public officials have fallen from theMany public officials have fallen from thevarious forms of lifestyle checks.various forms of lifestyle checks.
Each administration has been saddled byEach administration has been saddled byvarious forms of scams and scandals, from Josevarious forms of scams and scandals, from Jose
Velarde to Jose PidalVelarde to Jose Pidal
In 2001, of the 104 billion pesos allotted forIn 2001, of the 104 billion pesos allotted forprocurement,procurement, 21 billion pesos21 billion pesos (around 20%)(around 20%)went to kickbacks (House of Representatives,went to kickbacks (House of Representatives,
Appropriations Committee, 2002)Appropriations Committee, 2002)
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Growing gap betweenGrowing gap between
Basic social servicesBasic social services public education,public education,public health, infrastructure, andpublic health, infrastructure, and
Government revenuesGovernment revenues collectionscollectionsfrom BIR, Customs, Bureau of Treasury,from BIR, Customs, Bureau of Treasury,income ofGOCCs, proceeds fromincome ofGOCCs, proceeds fromprivatizationprivatization
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Distribution (30
Distribution (30--2020--3030--20)20)
30%30% -- Foreign Debt ServicingForeign Debt Servicing
20%20% -- Internal Revenue AllotmentInternal Revenue Allotment
30%30% -- Government SalariesGovernment Salaries
20%20% -- Basic ServicesBasic Services
Government needs to
raise revenues for
so ial servi es!
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Bureau of Revenue (BIR)Bureau of Revenue (BIR)
Bureau of Customs (BOC)Bureau of Customs (BOC)
Department of Public Works and HighwaysDepartment of Public Works and Highways(DPWH)(DPWH)
Department ofEnvironment and NaturalDepartment ofEnvironment and NaturalResources (DENR)Resources (DENR)
Department ofEducation, Culture and SportsDepartment ofEducation, Culture and Sports(DECS now DepEd)(DECS now DepEd)
National Irrigation Association (NIA)National Irrigation Association (NIA)
Department ofHealth (DOH)Department ofHealth (DOH) Department ofInterior and Local GovernmentDepartment ofInterior and Local Government
(DILG)(DILG)
National Power Corporation (NPC)National Power Corporation (NPC)
B
ureau ofI
mmigration (B
OI
)B
ureau ofI
mmigration (B
OI
)
In a World Bank (2000) report, the top agencies that
immediately need anticorruption interventions include:
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Validation of orruption inValidation of orruption in
governmentgovernmentSWS Report of SeptemberSWS Report of September
20012001
44% of Filipino44% of Filipinobusinessmen believebusinessmen believe
there is no governmentthere is no governmentagency free of corruptionagency free of corruption
2 out of 3 Filipino2 out of 3 Filipinocompanies admitted thatcompanies admitted thatmost, if not all,most, if not all,
companies in their sectorcompanies in their sectorengaged in bribery to winengaged in bribery to wingovernment contractsgovernment contracts
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