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COUNTRYPRESENTATION

- CAMBODIA -By KONG Sophal,

Deputy Director General of Land TransportMinistry of Public Works and Transport

Workshop on Strengthening Transport Connectivity among CLMVT Countries

09-10 October 2018, Yangon, MYANMAR

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CONTENTS

Country IntroductionPart A. Overview and progress of Transport

Infrastructure Development

Part B. Implementation of Cross Border Transport Agreements

Country Introduction

Capital Phnom PenhArea 181,035 Km2

Population 15.58 millions, as of 2015

Annual Population

Growth

1.54 % (2010-2012)

Urban Population

20 %

GDP Growth 7.2 % GDP per capita US$ 1,384.4 (2017, WB)

Currency Riel (1USD=4000Riels)Length of Asian Highway Route

1,641.80 km

Number of Major Vehicle

4.50 million vehicles (2018) about 85% are motorcycles

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Part A.Overview of Transport Infrastructure Development

A1- Road NetworkA2- Economic CorridorsA3- Urban TransportA4- Railway NetworkA5- International PortsA6- International Airports

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Road ClassLength Paved Surface

Concrete / AC / DBST

(Km) (%)1 Digit National Roads, 9 lines 2,254 100%2 Digits National Roads, 66 lines 5,007 63.50%3 & 4 Digits Provincial Roads, 528 lines 9,031 22.55%

TOTAL 16,292 62.00%

A1. Road Network

A1.1 Current Road Statistics andits Pavement Condition under MPWT:

Excludes Rural Roads approx. 50,000 Km underMinistry of Rural Development

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A1. Road Network (Cont.)

Oddar Meanchey

Banteay Meanchey

Siem Reap

Battambang

Pailin Pursat

Preah Vihear

Kampong Thom

Stung Treng

KratieMondul Kiri

Ratanak Kiri

Kampong Cham

Prey Veng

Svay RiengTakeo

Kandal

Phnom PenhKampong Speu

Koh Kong

Kampot

Kep

Sihanoukville

Kampong Chhnang

A1.2 Road Network Map / Clarifications

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Three As

ian AH

W line

s crossing

 Cam

bodia

A1.3 ASIAN Highways

573km

308km

762.80km

A1. Road Network (Cont.)

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Road No. Itinerary Total length (km)

AH1 Poipet (Cambodia-Thai Border) - Serei Saophoan -Phnom Penh - Baveth (Cambodia-Vietnam Border)Current Condition:

- All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2/4- One bridge at Neak Loeung was constructed under Japan Grant Aid- Under upgrading to 4 lanes starting from RN 5- Plan Expressway (Phnom Penh-Bavet, under Jica’s F/S)

573.00

AH11 Sihanoukville - Phnom Penh - Kampong Cham - Stung Treng - Tropeang Kreal (Cambodia - Laos Border)Current Condition:

- All paved with AC / DBST, Number of Lanes: 2- Upgraded to 4 lanes from Phnom Penh to Skun (75km completed)- Plan Expressway (Sihanoukville-Phnom Penh, under China’s)

762.80

AH123 Cham Yeam (Cambodia-Thai Border) – Koh Kong – SreAmbel – Kampot – Lork Prek Chak (Cambodia-VietnamBorder) Current Condition:

- Number of Lanes: 2 lanes, DBST

306.00

TOTAL LENGTH OF ASEAN HIGHWAY IN CAMBODIA (Km) 1,641.80

Status of ASIAN Highways

A1. Road Network (Cont.)

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A1.4 Design and Build City Ring Roads:

• To divert heavy traffic from the city center

• To promote logistics facilities outside the center

• Ring Road 1 completed• Ring Road 2 under construction• Ring Road 3 will start this year

A1.5 Construction of Ring Road at major Provincial towns and populated areas:• To divert heavy traffic from

the city center

A1. Road Network (Cont.)

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E7

LEGEND

Expressway Planned Short‐TermExpressway Planned Medium‐TermExpressway Planned Long‐TermExpecting Route of Expressway

E99

E1 Completed F/S by JICA – operation ?E4 Ground Breaking this year (BOT)- operation 2025

A1.6 Expressway Development Plan

A1. Road Network (Cont.)

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Central CorridorAH11

Southern Corridor

Southern Sub-Corridor

HCMC

BKK

Phnom Penh

A2. GMS Economic Corridors

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A3. Urban Transport Improvement

A3.1 Introduce other modes of Public Transport(Short term, medium term and Long term plan).

A3.2 Construction more City Ring RoadsA3.3 Introduce ONE-WAY SystemA3.4 Integrated Traffic Signal System

(ITS, Control Center)

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A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

A3.5 Improve on-Street Parking Measures in the City Center

On main Roads

On Local Roads

A3.6 Decentralization by developing suburban areas surrounding the city center with proper means of accessibility to the Center

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A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

A3.7 Construction of flyovers at the most congested areas

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to Airport Train:A3.9 City center to Airport Train:• Start operation in June this year• Airport check-in at the train station• Three new rolling stocks will be

arriving soon

A3.10 Taxi Boats alongTunle Sab River:

• Start operation this year• 5 stations in operation, approx.

20km• Plan more 11 stations

A3.8 City Bus RoutesIn Phnom Penh City:

• 9 lines under operation (215 bus)• 5 lines under planning• Free for students, factories’

workers, elder people

A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

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A3.11 Promote Ride Sharing mode:

• Ride sharing operators can register under MPWT

• Grab, PassApp and other local application become popular in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap city

A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

A3.12: Study for Public Transport Network and a first Priority Line in the Phnom Penh (by French):• Tramways and BRT were

recommended

The priority tramway line 10km along Pr. Monivong Blvd.

Estimated investment costs: 240‐280 mil‐USD

Pending…

A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

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Automated A3.13 The Study for Automated Guideway Transit (AGT) in the Phnom Penh by Jica:• Ongoing

Four lines in Master Plan

Line #3 was selected as a priority

A3. Urban Transport Improvement (Cont…)

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A4. Railways Network

A4.1 Current Railway Network

LEGEND

SOUTHERN LINENORTHER LINEMISSING LINK

STATION

KAMPOTSIHANOUKVILLE

PURSAT

PHNOM PENH

LAOS

THAILAND

TAKEO

POIPETSISOPHON

BATTAMBANG

Northern LineFirst line connectionPhnom Penh - Battam Bang to Poipet, distance 386Km.Constructed in 1929Restart operation from June this year..Already connected with Thai Railway at Poi Pet.

Southern LineSecond line connectionPhnom Penh – International Sea Port, distance 264Km.Constructed in 1960Already renovated and now under Operation both Cargo and Passengers

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A4. Railways Network (cont.)

A4.2 Railway Master Plan

(Source: KOICA, Cambodia railway master plan, 2013)

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Crossing:Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and China.

In Cambodia now remains one missing links:Phnom Penh – Snuol(255 km),

A4.3 Singapore Kunming Rail Link Projects (SKRL)

A4. Railways Network (cont.)

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A5. Cambodian Ports

Cambodia has two major ports

SihanoukvilleAutonomous Port(Deep sea port)

Phnom Penh Autonomous Port (River Port)

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A6. International Airports

There are three International Airport in Cambodia

Phnom Penh International Airport

Siem Reap International Airport

Sihanouk Ville International Airport

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Part B.Transport Facilitation Agreements

B1- Bilateral AgreementsB2- GMSB3- ASEAN

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Cambodia - Vietnam‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights 

signed in 1998,‐ Now each country can issue total

number of quota up to 500 for bothBuses and Trucks, using 7 border gates

‐ Both sides may consider to increase 100 quota per year.

B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights

Challenges:‐ Cambodian operators cannot open branch office in Vietnam => 

No rights to get other local services such as buying insurances, contracting with other local operators etc…

‐ Restriction of using different border gates for entry/exit‐ Different Technical Standards of Vehicles, dimensions, weight 

limits, CAM trucks often got retained and penalty,‐ Transit fee by provincial authorities

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Cambodia – LAO PDR‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights signed in 1999,‐ Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for 

both Buses and Trucks, crossing only at Tropeang Kriel‐NorngNok Khien border gate.

B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)

Challenges:‐ Traffic demand is not high

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Cambodia – Thailand‐ MOU on the Exchange of Traffic Rights March 2008, ‐ Each country can issue total number of quota up to 40 for

Non‐schedule Passenger Transportation and Cargo Transportation at Poipet‐Aranyaprathet border check points and designated routes as specified in Protocol 1 of GMS CBTA,It’s considered as the Initial Implementation of CBTA (IICBTA)Not Bilateral Agreement.

‐ However, the implementation of this MOU has begun only from June 2012.

‐ On 16 December 2016 in Chiang Mai, the two parties signed the Addendum Two to the MOU to increase the number of quota from 40 to 150.

‐ As of today only 50 mini buses from Cambodia are registered.

B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)

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Challenges:‐ Because this is IICBTA => the Routes and Entry/Exit Points are 

designated as agreed in Protocol 1 of CBTA, No ways to open more routes nor more border check points,

‐ Unbalance flow of goods, more import less export (5/1)‐ Conditions of transport in Thailand are not favorable for 

Cambodian operators such as, Limits the maximum length of Semi‐trailers is only 13.60m Not allow goods in transit in Thailand Not allow unladen (empty) trucks enter Thailand For Schedule Bus operation needs separate agreement with 

The Mass Rapid Transit Authority of Thailand

B.1 Bilateral Agreements on the Exchange of Traffic Rights (Con’t…)

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The Agreement between and among Laos, Thailand, Viet Nam on the Facilitation of Cross‐Border Transport of Goods and People, originally signed in Vientiane on 26 November 1999, amended in Yangon 2001, acceded to by Cambodia in 2001, China in 2002, and Myanmar in 2003, and amended in Phnom Penh on 30 April 2004, hereinafter referred to as “GMS –CBTA.Full members are:1. China 4. Myanmar2. Cambodia 5. Thailand3. Lao PDR 6. Vietnam

B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)

Overview of CBTA

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The GMS‐CBTA includes44 Articles, 17 Annexes and 3 Protocols.

Overview of CBTA…

B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)… Con’t

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The objectives: Facilitation of border crossing formalities (single 

window and single stop inspection, coordinating of hours of operation; and exchange of advance information and clearance)

Facilitate cross‐border movement of people (multi‐entry visa, recognition of driver license)

Facilitate cross‐border movement of goods  Exchange of traffic rights (500 vehicle quotas for each 

contracting party) Requirements for admittance of road vehicles Setting up Institutional Arrangements/ NTFC, NTTCC

B.2 GMS Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement (CBTA)… Con’t

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Current statusof CBTA

• CBTA just enteredinto force in 2015after the last member,(Myanmar) ratified all Annexes and Protocols.

• However, some parts of the CBTA are out‐dated and need to be revised

• The GMS Transport Ministers, as members of the ‘Joint Committee’, agreed in 2016 to launch the‘Early Harvest’ implementation of the CBTA in 2017, and to complete the CBTA revision process by 2019

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Current status of CBTA… Cont’

What is the CBTA ‘Early Harvest’ ?• The ‘Early Harvest’ is based on MOU signed by the 6 GMS 

countries in 2017 (Lao PDR and Vietnam haven’t signed yet)• The MOU allows each GMS country to issue up to 500 GMS 

Road Transport Permits and Temporary Admission Documents (TADs) for goods and passenger vehicles

• Vehicles can travel on any of the routes and across any of the border crossings points as listed in CBTA Protocol 1

• Vehicles must carry with them the original Permit and TAD (like Vehicle passport) issued by the competent authorities in their Home country and can remain in any other participating GMS country for up to 30 days on each journey

• There is no limit to the number of cross‐border journeys allowed. Cabotage is not allowed.

• Permitted vehicles can cross borders, without paying taxes and duties and without the need for a Customs bond or guarantee, However the goods carried must follow Customs Procedures.

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Next Step for CBTA

What happens next ?• The CBTA ‘Early Harvest’ was expected to operate in 2017 as 

soon as Lao PDR and Vietnam sign the MOU, but shifted to 1stAugust 2018

• Technical WG will discuss for updating the current CBTA to CBTA‐02, especially amend Protocol 1 in order to add more corridors and Entry/Exit points.

For Cambodia, we are almost ready, all cross border operators are informed, but they do not expect benefits!!!

35Sample of TAD

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Challenges in CBTA Implementation

• Cambodia may not have enough transport operators /trucks/buses, due to the rapid increases of quotas.

• Shortage of qualified Bus/Truck Drivers.• Current GMS Transport corridors in Cambodia are narrow, 

mostly 2 lanes, and may be difficult to accommodate many vehicles from all contracting parties

• More road accidents,• More road damage,• No mutual agreement on Technical Standards of Vehicles…

Example:Max. length of Single Articulated truck (Semitrailer):Cambodia 16.00m (Trailer 18.00m)China 18.10m (Trailer 22.00m)Laos PDR 16.00m (Trailer 19.00m)Vietnam up to 20.00mThailand 13.60m?

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Challenges in CBTA Implementation (Con’t…)

• Very limited corridors for Cambodia 

Latest GMS Corridor Map for CBTA Early Harvest

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B.3 ASEAN Transport Facilitation Agreements

To facilitate the seamless movement of goods in the region, ASEAN has concluded the 3 transport facilitation agreements as follows:• ASEAN Framework Agreement on the Facilitation of Goods 

in Transit (AFAFGIT), signed in September 1999…Under preparation for Pilot implementation by 3 countries, Malaysia‐Singapore‐Thailand and being rolling out to CLMV this year.

• ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport (AFAMT)… signed in November 2005… Not implemented yet

• ASEAN Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Inter‐State Transport (AFAFIST), signed in December 2009… Not implemented yet

• A new Agreement for Facilitation of Cross Border Transport of Passengers by Road Vehicles (CBTP) was signed in Oct/17 in Singapore during the 23rd ATM Meeting

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What UNESCAP can help CLMV-T

countries to further promote the

Transport Facilitation in the

Sub-region?

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Thank youfor your attention