credit to matthew baumann for much of the content of this powerpoint
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Credit to Matthew Baumann for much of the content of this powerpoint
The Pacific Theater
Japan begins to industrialize after the Meiji Restoration (1868)
Emperor elevated to new status
Created a Constitutional Monarchy
Supported by Shintoism
Japan Develops Army based on Germany.
Develops Navy based on England’s
Japan Imperialism
1894—Took Taiwan away from China
In 1910, occupied Korea
From 1894 on had resources from Manchuria
In the 1930s
Worker’s Real Income was down and unemployment was up
Depression blamed on the weakness of the parliamentary government.
When Germany became strong under Hitler, some Japanese started looking to Germany as their model
Gradually began to demand an “Asia for the Asians”
Japan Hit Hard by Great Depression
Militarism = the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
After World War I, Japan saw itself as the dominant power in the East
It began to pursue policies that would increase their territory and their influence in Asia
Ultimately, these policies would lead to the outbreak of war in the Pacific
Post-World War I Japan
EconomicsJapan was in desperate need of natural
resources to fuel its industry and militaryExtreme Nationalism
Many Japanese citizens believed that Japan was the most superior country in Asia and therefore had the right to rule everyone else
Acts by Western PowersSeveral actions by Western powers were
motivated by the belief that Japan was not equal; these insults fueled imperialistic desires in Japan
Motives for Japanese Expansion
The Invasion of China BeginsIn 1931 Japan invaded the northern area
of China, Manchuria, which had huge deposits of natural resources like coal
The League of Nations did nothing
1937: The Invasion SpreadsAfter a few years,
Japanese forces moved south and invaded China
During this invasion they took control of the Chinese capital, Nanking (also written as Nanjing—same place)
The Rape of Nanking, 1937During the invasion, the people of
Nanking were treated horribly by the Japanese soldiers
The Japanese GovernmentThough Japan had an emperor,
the military had taken control of the government by this time
Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name
The military leader of Japan was General Hideki Tojo
The need for more resourcesNext, Japan began to look towards Southeast
Asia for more resourcesTheir quest for territory and resources in this
part of Asia would lead the US to become involved with stopping their expansion
But more on that later….
In 1939, Japan’s Problems in Asia, not European
How to deal with ChinaVery threatened by Soviet UnionDidn’t want to antagonize the United
StatesCoveted Vietnam, Dutch East Indies and
other areas in Southeast AsiaBelieved that Southeast Asia should be
ruled by Asians, mainly themThey lose the Battle of Nomonhan to
Soviet Union.
In 1940
Tripartite PactHitler starts thinking about invading Soviet
Union
In 1941
April 13, 1941—Japan concludes treaty of neutrality with USSR.
June 22, 1941—Hitler invades Soviet Union
June 23, 1941—German controlled France agrees to let Japan take over Vietnam.
US places total embargo after Vietnam and Dutch East Indies occupied by Japan.
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941—Japan bombs Pearl Harbor
Admiral Yamamoto terrified to learn that Air Craft Carriers not hurt
Hitler declares war on US
Bataan Death March Japan attacked the
Philippines in December 1941. The Philippines fell in May 1942.
The Japanese troops forced the sick, malnourished American soldiers to march 55 miles. After a trip on a railway, they had to march another 8 miles. 7,000 American and Filipino troops died during the grueling journey.
Doolittle RaidAmerica did a
bombing raid in April of 1942 by launching bombers from aircraft carriers.
Bombed TokyoJapan was
embarrassed, and resolved to destroy aircraft carriers, and began to plan to attack Midway
Battle of Coral SeaMay 1942: Japan moves to
take Port Moresby in New Guinea.
May 7-8: U.S. and Japanese aircraft carriers engage in battle.
U.S. and Japanese planes attacked ships. Ships did not directly battle
Battle was a draw, but since Japan withdrew it was a strategic victory for the U.S.
Battle of Midway 1942: If Japan took Midway, U.S.
would be forced back to California coast.
U.S. knew of attack. (They broke the code)
U.S. navy was concentrated at Midway.
June 4, 1942: Japan attacked Midway.
U.S. dealt Japan a decisive defeat. 4 Japanese aircraft carriers were sunk. America only lost one
After Midway, Japan did not threaten Pacific domination and was on the defensive.
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