cricket - overview with biomechanical aspect

CRICKET

Suketu Shah, PT

AGENDA

• Review of cricket as a game

• Types of bowling

• Technical components

• Practical components• Practical components

WHAT IS CRICKET ?

• Bat-and-ball

• Non contact & team sport

• First documented southern

England in the 16th centuryEngland in the 16th century

• International Governing Body –

International Cricket Council

(ICC)

• 104 countries as members

WHAT IS CRICKET ? (CONT’D)

• It is played on a cricket

ground with a pitch at the

center

• Two teams with eleven • Two teams with eleven

players each

• One team bats with two

players across the pitch

• Other team bowls and fields

FACTS…

• First International game documented

- In 1844

- United States Vs Canada

- At St. George’s Park- At St. George’s Park

- Canada won

BOWLING CLASSIFICATION

1. Fast arm bowler

2. Spin bowler

BOWLING CLASSIFICATION

1. Fast arm bowler

2. Spin bowler

PHASES OF FAST ARM BOWLING

TECHNICAL COMPONENTS

FLOW CHART

MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE

• Bowl at maximum speed

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

• Momentum, strength and arm force

MOMENTUM• From the run up to pre delivery stride

ARM FORCE• From back foot stage to ball release

FLOW CHART (CONT’D)

INERTIA• From run up to back foot contact

GRAVITY• Through out all the phases

MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE

•BOWL AT MAXIMUM SPEED

• Varies as per individual

• Moreover, the bowling should be done with perfect line and length

“Shoaib Aktar of Pakistan

is the fastest bowler in

world of cricket with a

speed of 161.3 kmph

(100.2 mph)”

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

•IDENTIFIED AS MAINLY FOUR

1. Momentum

2. Arm force

3. Inertia3. Inertia

4. Gravity

MOMENTUM•p = m x v

• Product of mass and velocity

• In bowling, long run and forward flex

ARM FORCE• FROM BACK FOOT TO BALL RELEASE

• Force from shoulder

• Force from other parts leads to injury

• End phase wrist play important role

• By Newton’s first law:

“A body at rest/motion remains in

rest/motion, unless & until external force is

INERTIA

• FROM RUN UP TO BACK FOOT CONTACT

applied on it”

• Force exerted by earth

• Centripetal (pulling force)

GRAVITY• IN ALL THE PHASES

PRACTICAL COMPONENT

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION?

In simple words as throw bowling:

Throw bowling is chucking the bowl.

• Law 24.3 states –• Law 24.3 states –

“A ball is fairly delivered in respect to the arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or

completely from that point until the ball has left the hand”

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)

• A straightened elbow gives unfair advantage

of generating extra speed than ball delivered

with a straight arm.

• However, most bowlers' arms will straighten

because of the sheer forces going through the

body at the point of delivery.

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D)

• The ICC has now set a maximum limit of 15

degrees of flex, which means that no bowler

can extend their elbow beyond that level

• If the bowler is suspected, bowler has to

undergo biomechanical testing

HOW TO VERIFY AN ILLEGAL

ACTION?

VICON 3D IMAGING

• Reflectors attached to bowlers body surface

• Converts bowling action into 3D image

• Breaks into

skeletal form skeletal form

for experts to

indentify the

faults

Camera

Reflector (Sensor)

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Lasith Malinga Shoaibh Akhtar

BOWLING ACTION OF LASITH

MALINGA

BOWLING ACTION OF SHOIBH

AKHTAR

SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE

• Debut in 1997

• He is well known for his speed and pace bowls

• Passionate to make world record for speed

• Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER• Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER

• Controversy, over his bowling style

- his action was cleared by University of

Western Australia, which was due to his

hyper extensible joints

SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE (CONT’D)

• Downfall in his carrier after 2005

• Still facing problems due to rude behavior and

injurious

SHOAIB AKHTARS STATASTICS

Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10

Tests 46 82 8143 4574 178 6/11 11/78 25.69 3.37 45.7 10 12 2

ODIs 144 143 6798 5321 223 6/16 6/16 23.86 4.69 30.4 6 4 0

T20Is 7 7 138 183 8 2/11 2/11 22.87 7.95 17.2 0 0 0

First-

class

133 20460 12265 467 6/11 26.26 3.59 43.8 28 2

List A 79 3873 3165 116 6/16 6/16 27.28 4.90 33.3 7 2 0

Twen

ty20

22 22 444 535 25 5/23 5/23 21.40 7.22 17.7 1 1 0

LASITH MALINGA PROFILE

• Debut in 2004

• He is well known for his speed and yorker

bowls

• Controversy, over his bowling style• Controversy, over his bowling style

- action attracted a lot of comments

- but his vicon and electromyogram test

reports were negative

LASITH MALINGA’S STATICTICS

Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts BBI BBM Ave Econ SR 4w 5w 10

Tests 28 55 4777 3076 91 5/68 9/210 33.80 3.86 52.4 7 2 0

ODIs 62 60 3002 2500 90 4/28 4/28 27.77 4.99 33.3 5 0 0

T20Is 18 18 364 443 23 3/17 3/17 19.26 7.30 15.8 0 0 0

First-

class

80 11327 7416 242 6/17 30.64 3.92 46.8 16 6 0

List A 101 4857 4060 157 5/56 5/56 25.85 5.01 30.9 7 1 0

Twen

ty20

43 41 869 974 51 3/11 3/11 19.09 6.72 17.0 0 0 0

COMPARSION CONCLUSION

• Akhtar’s dream for delivering fastest bowl

took him to path of drugs and due to his rude

behavior, his average showed a downfall

• Malinga’s average has increased since he

joined international cricket, moreover he is

consistent

COMMON INJURY AMONG CRICKET

Wicket Keeper

30 %

Spin Bowlers

13 %

Batsman

16 %

Fast bowler

41 %

This clearly establishes that fast bowlers as the priority group for

continued injury risk factor researchOrchard et.al., 2005, Sports Health

WHY ARE BACK INJURIOUS TO FAST

BOWLERS TO CONCERNING?

• Injuries to lumbar vertebrae may not heal

properly

• Can lead to spondylolisthesis–forward slippage

of vertebraeof vertebrae

• Long term consequences:

– Disc problems

– Nerve root compression

– Early degeneration of lumbar spine

REPETITIVE MICROTRAUMA

(OVERUSE) INJURIES

• Repetitive microtrauma -a number of forces

combine to produce a fatigue effect over time

• Load involved with bowling one delivery might • Load involved with bowling one delivery might

not exceed critical limit of tissues

• Cumulative effect might result in mechanical

degradation of tissues

FLASH BACK OVER RESEARCH

OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH

• High injury rates to fast bowlers were identified in an injury surveillance study conducted by Cricket Australia

• Three risk factors for injury to fast bowlers have been proposed:been proposed:

A plan was developed to quantify bowling workload in an objective, meaningful and reliable manner

TechniquePhysical

preparation

Bowling

workload

A PILOT STUDY

• 1999/00 (a season later than planned…)

• 12 fast bowlers

• Mean age 25.4 years (range 22 -34)

• Bowling workload prospectively monitored for match and training monitored for match and training sessions

• Video training sessions 2 times per week

• A range of ideas considered –counter in bowling marker, hand-held counters

• Needed to develop a protocol that was acceptable and useful to players

METHODS

Uninjured Injured

Work load for

Entire Session

Work load

prior to injury

First injury

only

SUMMARY OF PILOT STUDY RESULTS

• 7 players (58%) sustained a total of 9 injuries

• Frequency of sessions

– injured = 1.9 days

– uninjured = 3.2 days– uninjured = 3.2 days

• Deliveries per week

– mean = 203

• Match deliveries per month

– mean = 552

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES

• Common among fast bowlers

• Mostly due to improper techniques

• Common injuries like

- Rotator Cuff injuries- Rotator Cuff injuries

- Biceps Tendon

- Supraspinatus Tendon

- Various other tendonitis

REHABILITATION

• On field treatment should be given by team

physical therapist:

- Vapocoolant Spray

REHABILITATION (CONT’D)

- Cryo + stretch

- Immobilization

- Massage

- If severe, the bowler has to be taken for - If severe, the bowler has to be taken for

Emergency Care department

REHBAILITATION (CONT’D)

KEY - Longer & slow rehab

• Minimum of 2 to 4 weeks of

rest following a injury

• PRICE protocol• PRICE protocol

• Ultrasound

• Manipulation & Mobilization as

graded to player

• Playing at reduced intensity and

gradually building up the pace

PREVENTION

• Always warm up & stretch

• Workload properly distributed

• Suitable footwear – which can take stress

• Proper technique• Proper technique

• Contact PT urgently whenever required

THANK YOU