crisis and absolutism in europe the wars of religion
Post on 19-Jan-2018
219 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Crisis and Absolutism in Europe
The Wars of Religion
Religious Wars
Mid-Late 1500s (16th Century) With the Reformation, Christianity breaks
into different groups – groups don’t get along
Catholicism and Calvinism become militant Win converts and eliminate other’s
authority Main battleground = France
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 Battle between
Huguenots and Catholics
Huguenots massacred on wedding day of Henry of Navarre (in line to be king) who is Huguenot
Henry IV Henry survives and eventually becomes king but only because…
He converts to Catholicism
Edict of Nantes (1598) – Catholicism official religion (Huguenots rights of worship)
Henry IV
Eventually stabbed for being too wishy-washy
But Henry and other monarchs begin gaining power as Catholic Church loses it
Spain Philip II - “Most
Catholic King” Tries to expand
Spain’s territory and spread Catholicism
Crushed Calvinism in Netherlands
Tried to attack Protestant England…
England
Elizabeth I in power Repealed laws
favoring Catholics Religious tolerance –
though moderate Protestantism ruled
Spanish Armada
Spain’s navy largest of its time
1588 loses major battle to England (and a storm)
Beginning of end of Spain’s power
Spain weakens
Quick wealth from American colonies creates inflation
Buys more (from England and France) than they sell
Spain goes bankrupt
Thirty Years’ War (1618 - 1648) Ends Peace of
Augsburg Fought in Germany,
Austria, Spain Conflict over religion,
territory, and power Originally Catholic vs.
Protestant More on this later
Result of religious wars and crisis…
Absolutism in Europe Theory of Absolutism
• Rulers want to be absolute monarchs (rulers with complete power)
• Believe in Divine Right of Kings (DROK) – idea that monarchs represent God on earth
• Decline of feudalism helps monarchs gain power
• Decline in church authority increases power
• Monarchs impose order by increasing own power
France
France
Louis XIII Son of Henry Weak king, but had
strong advisor Advisor was Catholic
Cardinal (Richelieu)
Cardinal Richelieu
Weakened Huguenots’ power
Wanted to make France strongest country in Europe• puts France in 30
Year’s War
Louis XIV (The Sun King)
L’etat c’est Moi I am the State France is ruled by
Richilieu’s successor Cardinal Mazarin until Louis takes full power (age 23)
Louis XIV
Hated the nobles (scared they would revolt) - weakens their power
Moved nobles into his palace
Ends 30 Years’ War (France becomes strongest country)
Versailles (Louis palace)
500 cooks, waiters, servants
4 men help him get dressed
Versailles cost 2 billion (current equivalency)• 2,000 rooms• 1,400 fountains
End of Louis XIV
People glad when he died
France has no money (spent it all on war)
Leads to French Revolution
top related