crossways house (c) richard hawker aa talk (presented to architecture part 1 year 2 lsbu students)
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8/8/2019 Crossways House (c) Richard Hawker AA Talk (Presented to Architecture Part 1 Year 2 LSBU Students)
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Airtight construction = 0.72m3/(hr.m2)@50pa
Passive Solar design Heat recovery ventilation
PassivHaus levels of insulation
Triple Glazing (U-value 0.7 inc. frame)
No conventional heating
On-site heat & electricity generation
On-site waste water treatment
Rainwater harvesting system
Incorporates various local and waste materials
Monitoring with Cambridge University for ongoing research
sitting lightly on the Earth
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site strategy
contextual design
use local materials
maximise solar potential
exploit great views
minimise visual impact
during day and night
enhance ecological diversity
VIEWS
north
Summer sunrise
Winter sunriseWinter sunset
Summer sunset
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a sense of place
hiding within the landscape
using a palette of local materials
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a sense of place
hiding within the landscape
using a palette of local materials
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form
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the plan
support spaces on the north side
minimise north side windows
lots of south facing glazing
maximise passive solar heating
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south = open
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north = closed
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passive solar shading
Vault overhangs shade glazing in
Summer, reducing solar gain
Low Winter sun maximises solar gain
when most needed
Vault overhangs also protect
timber frame, increasing life of the
building
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living under a shell
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living under a shell
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tradition & innovation
less than 4 road miles
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timbrel vault design
very little material doing a big job
no formwork = quick & economical
clay tiles can be made anywhere
strength ideal for heavy living roofs10mm thick !
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timbrel vault design
take 1 wet Jay clothsprinkle with plasterand load test
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timbrel vault design
Uses local material
Reinforces sense of place
Supports local craft
Benefits local community
Efficient use of material
No waste
No formwork structure
Timber guides recycled to
form internal studwork
And it looks amazing too
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timbrel vault design
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timbrel vault design
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vaulted staircase
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vaulted staircase
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vaulted staircase
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vaulted staircase
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3 men and a month . . .
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engineered timber frame
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Lightweight
Fast to erect
Sustainably sourced timber
Very little material used
Low embodied energy
Very strong
Good insulating properties
Good acoustic properties
Between beams filled with insulation
engineered timber frame
waste not want not
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'ecosand' made from crushed glass bottles
waste not want not
polythene wrapping creates the most waste !
using polystyrene offcuts
insulation from recycled newspaper
keeping heat in
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keeping heat in
Vacuum panel insulation
10 times better than polystyrene
Used in the entrance doorsLetter box & cat flap not allowed !
300mm thick recycled newspaper
insulation pumped into wall & roof
cavities to provide airtight,breathable high levels of insulation
350mm Graphite impregnated
polystyrene
under & round ground slab
enabling slab to act as thermalmass inside the building
Keeping heat in
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Keeping heat in
Argon filled triple glazed units withlow e coatings to control solar gain
and insulated spacer bars to
minimise cold bridging
Units fixed within triple airtight sealed
PU insulated sustainably sourcedtimber window frames
Aluminium faced externally for
prolonged life
NO trickle vents !
Keeping heat in
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Keeping heat in
Thermal imaging
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Thermal imaging
Heat loss at door threshold
Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge
Thermal imaging
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e a ag g
Heat loss at base of vault
Cause: Cold bridge through
concrete edge beam
Thermal imaging
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g g
Heat loss through vault upstand
Cause: Cold bridge through vault
Thermal imaging
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g g
Heat loss at window threshold
Cause: Cold bridge at slab edge
passive heat control
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passive heat control
Dupont EnergainTM paraffin waxthermal mass board
5mm thick fitted like plasterboard
equivalent to 50mm thick concrete
Stores heat as latent heat
Reduces peak temperatures by 7oC
Suited to lightweight timber structures
no mechanical cooling system
passive heat control
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p
The local clay tile vault is a vast
thermal mass. The ground floor slab
also provides thermal mass.
Together they are a vast heat sink,absorbing heat during the day &
releasing it at night.
Building stays cool in summer & warm
in winter.
a healthy place to live
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y p
Lots of daylight
Views connecting with nature
Lots of fresh air (dust & pollen filtered)
Relative Humidity regulated
Stable internal temperature
No carpet = less dust & allergens
Natural finishes citrus oil paints
Avoiding 'off-gassing' materials
optimum Relative Humidity for health
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Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Dust mites
Rhinitis / Asthma
Resp. infections
Chemical Interact
Ozone production
a breath of fresh air
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Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery
Fundamental in Passive building design
91% efficient heat transfer
Heat recovery unit running at 35w
4 times the quantity of fresh air thanrequired by building regulations
Negates the (stupid) requirement for
trickle ventilation
Use with airtight construction
No open fires, no letter box or cat flap !
a bit more heating . . .
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A 4KW heat register passes stored
thermal energy into fine radiator fins
in the MVHR supply air duct to add
extra heat to the heat recovered
fresh air.
The thermal energy feeding it comes
from stored solar energy in the Phase
Change Material thermal store
harnessing solar energy
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The sun beams down 10,000 timesmore energy than we use . . .
. . . time we started using it
harnessing solar energy
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Basic types of solar panels;
1. Photovoltaic generate electricity
2. Solar thermal generate heat
harnessing solar energy
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Problem;
Photovoltaic cells reduce in
efficiency when it gets hot
So when it's sunny they don'twork very well !
harnessing solar energy
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Solution;
Cool the PV cells to get more electricity
Harness the extracted solar thermal energyIntroducing PV-T (Photovoltaic Thermal)
electricity monitoring
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Family of 4 livingwith us for 3 weeks
PV-T switched on
The average 3 bed house uses 13kwh of electricity per day and 57kwh ofgas per day. Total = 70kwh of energy per day (info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
Average 3-bed house
Christmas !
Shortest
dayLongest
day
storing solar thermal energy
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Problem;
Water is not great at storing
heat.
Solution;
Phase Change Materials(PCMs) can store much more
heat in a given volume using
latent heat.
e.g.
Paraffin wax = 4 x water
Thermal salts = 7 x water
when the sun doesn't shine
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11kw biomass boiler linked to PCM
store
85% of energy charges PCM store
15% is radiant which is circulated
round the house through the MVHR
Minimum burn period is 1 hour to
ensure high efficiency when used
Biomass use
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Average 3-bed house
The average 3 bed house uses 57kwh of gas per day.(info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
Zero Carbon is now dened as 46kwh/m2/annum for heating & hot water
Crossway has used 23kwh/m2/annum for heating & hot water
Fuel type CO2 emissions
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CO2 emissions
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Average 3-bed house generates 19.6kgCO2 / day
Average CO2 emissions from a 3 bed house = 7,150 kgCO2/annum(info. from BERR energy trends Dec 2007)
Crossways total CO2 emissions = 217 kgCO2/annum
Crossway average = 0.6 kgCO2 / day
solar thermal monitoring
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solar thermal monitoring
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mains water monitoring
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Code 6 Zero carbon level = 80 LPPPD
hose watering
new plantedbeds
Average water consumption is 143 litres per person per day
(info. from DEFRA)
1 person in
house
1 person in
house
Laying paving
in carport
Guests staying
for 2 weeks at
Christmas
Integrated complimentary systems
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One body, many parts . . .
The body is a unit, though it is made
up of many parts; and though all its
parts are many, they form one body
. . . the head cannot say to the feet,
"I don't need you!" . . . if one part
suffers, every part suffers with it . . . 1 Corinthians 12
Household fuel prices since 1990
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Relati
vefuelcosts%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Year
Petrol & diesel fuel prices since 1999
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sustainability . . .
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the
industrialrevolution
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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