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Cultural Effects on the Health Benefits of
Personal Disclosure
Jessica WearingMentor: Dr. Eric Knowles
University of California, Irvine
Cultural Effects on the Health Benefits of
Personal Disclosure
Jessica WearingMentor: Dr. Eric Knowles
University of California, Irvine
OutlineOutlineBackground: The Benefits of Personal
DisclosureBackground: Disclosure Theories and
Relevant Cultural ComparisonsStudy Question and HypothesisMethodsFindingsConclusions
Background: The Benefits of Personal Disclosure
Background: Disclosure Theories and Relevant Cultural Comparisons
Study Question and HypothesisMethodsFindingsConclusions
Background: The Benefits of Personal Disclosure
Background: The Benefits of Personal Disclosure
1. What is personal disclosure?
2. What are the benefits associated with personal disclosure?
3. Are the benefits the same across cultures?
1. What is personal disclosure?
2. What are the benefits associated with personal disclosure?
3. Are the benefits the same across cultures?
Background: Disclosure Theories and Relevant Cultural
Comparisons
Background: Disclosure Theories and Relevant Cultural
Comparisons Disclosure Theories
Social Integration Theory Cognitive Processing Theory Disinhibition Theory Self-regulation Theory Exposure Theory
Cultural differences in the demands of speech Cultural differences in social support seeking
Disclosure Theories Social Integration Theory Cognitive Processing Theory Disinhibition Theory Self-regulation Theory Exposure Theory
Cultural differences in the demands of speech Cultural differences in social support seeking
Study Question and Hypothesis
Study Question and Hypothesis
Question: Are the health benefits observed in relation to personal disclosure a function of basic human nature, or are they culturally bound?
Hypothesis: As a group, East Asians will be less likely to benefit from personal disclosure than their Western counterparts.
Question: Are the health benefits observed in relation to personal disclosure a function of basic human nature, or are they culturally bound?
Hypothesis: As a group, East Asians will be less likely to benefit from personal disclosure than their Western counterparts.
MethodsMethods
Baseline ObservationSMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS
21)Demographics Asian Identity Scale
Baseline ObservationSMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS
21)Demographics Asian Identity Scale
Methods: Writing PromptsMethods: Writing Prompts
Experimental ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, I would like for you to write
about your very deepest thoughts and feelings about the most traumatic experience of your entire life . . .
Control ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, please write about your day so
far. Focus on topics such as the weather, your routine, and minor happenings. Try to avoid emotional commentary.
Experimental ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, I would like for you to write
about your very deepest thoughts and feelings about the most traumatic experience of your entire life . . .
Control ConditionFor the next 20 minutes, please write about your day so
far. Focus on topics such as the weather, your routine, and minor happenings. Try to avoid emotional commentary.
MethodsMethods
Follow-Up ObservationSMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale
(DASS 21)
Follow-Up ObservationSMU Health QuestionnairePittsburg Sleep Quality IndexDepression Anxiety and Stress Scale
(DASS 21)
DemographicsDemographics
44%
49%
7%
AsianCaucasianHispanic
Findings: LIWC Analysis by Condition
Findings: LIWC Analysis by Condition
0
1
2
3
4
5
Negative Emotion Insight
Category
% of words in category
TrivialTraumatic
Findings: Effect of Condition on Follow-up Data
Findings: Effect of Condition on Follow-up Data
marginally significant effectp=.06
marginally significant effectp=.06
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Experimental Control
# ofsymptomsreported atfollow-up
Findings: Cultural Differences in the # of Follow-up Symptoms
Findings: Cultural Differences in the # of Follow-up Symptoms
0
1
2
3
4
5
6#
of
sym
pto
ms a
t fo
llow
-up
Caucasian Non-Westernized
Asian
WesternizedAsian
Control
Experimental
ConclusionsConclusions
Due to the insufficient sample size, firm conclusions cannot be reached, however, there is sufficient evidence to question the cultural universality of disclosure benefits.
Due to the insufficient sample size, firm conclusions cannot be reached, however, there is sufficient evidence to question the cultural universality of disclosure benefits.
Thank You!Thank You!
Dr. KnowlesDr. FrattaroliDr. JennessSE Honors Classmates
Dr. KnowlesDr. FrattaroliDr. JennessSE Honors Classmates
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