data management for education research
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Rebekah Cummings, GSE&ISLibbie Stephenson, SSDA
DATA MANAGEMENT FOR EDUCATION RESEARCH
GSE&IS
2GOALS FOR TODAY’S
SESSION
Understand opportunities and reasons for data management planning
Learn about best practices for collecting and organizing research data
Learn about best practices for protecting privacy and confidentiality in data
Learn about resources and support available to researchers at UCLA
In this session you will:
3/28/2008
GSE&IS
3
3/28/2008
Dat
a Li
fe-c
ycle
http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/create-manage/life-cycle
GSE&IS
4DATA MANAGEMENT
PLANS
What is a data management plan?
Why do I need to write one?
What tools are available to help me?
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GSE&IS
5WHAT IS A DATA
MANAGEMENT PLAN?
A data management plan is a document that describes what you will do with your data
during your research and after you complete your research
From Carly Strasser, Caliufornia Digital Library
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GSE&IS
6WHAT IS A DATA
MANAGEMENT PLAN, PART 2
Elements of a data management plan
What are your data?
What formats will you be using?
How will you describe this data?
What intellectual property and privacy rights are associated with this data?
How will you share this data? If you don’t plan on sharing it, why not?
How much will your data management cost?3/28/2008
GSE&IS
7WHY CREATE A DATA
MANAGEMENT PLAN?
Fulfill requirements from funding agencies
Fulfill requirements from journals
Regardless of the requirements, good data management is an essential skill for researchers. 3/28/2008
GSE&IS
8WHY ALL THESE NEW
REQUIREMENTS?
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GSE&IS
9TOOLS FOR CREATING A
DMP
DMP Tool - https://dmp.cdlib.org
ICPSR - http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/datamanagement/dmp/elements.html
The UCLA Social Science Data Archive (that’s us!) - http://dataarchives.ss.ucla.edu/
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GSE&IS
10PLANNING & ORGANIZING
DATA COLLECTION
What kind of data is being collected?
What methods will you use to collect the data?
How would describe your data so that others can use it without your help?
Where do you plan to store your data? If you plan to share your data with others, how do you plan to do this?
Where can you get training?
Where can you get help?3/28/2008
In p
lann
ing
your
rese
arch
y
ou s
houl
d th
ink
abou
t th
ese
issu
es:
GSE&IS
11 DIFFERENT FILE TYPES = DIFFERENT DATA MANAGEMENT
Video
Audio
Qualitative
Quantitative
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•Project overview•Participants•Privacy•Intended use now and in the future•Equipment and Software•Metadata
GSE&IS
12DATA COLLECTION –
VIDEO
•Create a Project overview
*Participants and events, main point of the video, structure, participant/observer/interviewer relationship
*Specific problems you hope the video will solve
*Intended uses; whether or not publicly sharable
*Consent of participants; Protection of privacy/confidentiality
•Choose pre- and post-production or analysis software: *open source vs proprietary standards
•Keep detailed metadata – keep lots of copies3/28/2008
13 METADATA – VIDEO
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•Type/Format *DVD, HD, mpeg, mov,
•Run time*hours, min, sec
•Title•Producer/author•Date(s)
*real time video was made•Location(s)
*place of production*geographical areas
•Content *annotations
*subject •System req, for access
*Windows media*QuickTime*RealPlayer •Download req.
*size of file*software needed
•Contact info •Persistent identifier •Other documentation
*annotations, docs •Video clips (if app.)
GSE&IS
14
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Data collection – Audio
•As with video, begin with a Project overview •Equipment - portable audio recorder most useful (pre- and post-
recording) • Software for recording and editing
*Computing specification needed and what is available to you*Open source vs proprietary software
• Plan how you will manage during and after project*Always keep original file and edited file copies; use highest quality possible*Web hosting/streaming , CD or DVD storage*Licensing and privacy issues
• Maintain your metadata from the very beginning*File naming conventions*File formats – MP3, WAV, AIFF or lossless FLAC (compressed or uncompressed)
GSE&IS
15
3/28/2008
Metadata – AudioKey pieces of information needed:
• Structural *Relationship to other audio files in same project *Time period*Geographic and location details
• Descriptive *Title, Creator, Subject, Description of project, content and Coverage
• Administrative*Rights, licensing, who can use
• Technical schemas (most important for re- use and preservation)
*AudioMD*Adobe's XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform)*MPEG-7
• Embedded*Do not rely on this as a metadata schema or preservation resource
GSE&IS
16DATA COLLECTION –
QUALITATIVE
Examples : In-depth/unstructured interviews,
including video
Semi-structured interviews
Structured interview questionnaires containing substantial open comments
Focus groups
Unstructured or semi-structured diaries
Observation field notes/technical fieldwork notes
Case study notes
Minutes of meetings
Press clippings
Court transcripts
3/28/2008
File format: text , ascii, rtf, etc.
GSE&IS
17DATA ANALYSIS –
QUALITATIVE
Dedoose*Cross-platform app for analyzing text, video, and spreadsheet data (analyzing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research).
NVivo, ATLAS-ti and MAXQDA *Organizes projects into raw data, coding tree, coded data, and associated memos and notes to be saved
NUD*IST – no longer really used, prefer Nvivo
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18METADATA -
QUALITATIVE Interviews, transcriptions, oral histories, etc.
*Unique identifier, a name or number, uniform layout, numbered pages*Note date, place, interviewer name and interviewee details*Use speaker tags, have line breaks between turn-takes*Use pseudonyms to anonymize personal identifying information
Metadata schema QuDEx *Analysis software can output to this schema*Covers:
*creator *method *date/time *place *size, *unique identifier*codes *coding structure 3/28/2008
GSE&IS
19 DATA COLLECTION - QUANTITATIVE
Surveys, numerically coded records, spreadsheets
Variety of methods: f-2-f, phone, mail, web*Survey monkey, Qualtrix
Documented with questionnaire, codebook*Question wording, universe, sampling, weighting, unit of analysis, geography, time period, coding format/structure,
Consent of participants; Protection of privacy/confidentiality
Choose pre- and post-production or analysis software: *open source vs proprietary standards
Keep detailed metadata3/28/2008
GSE&IS
20METADATA -
QUANTITATIVE Hypothesis, data collection method
Names of those involved in the project
File structure: question text, variables, variable names/labels, value names/labels, values, frequencies, missing data, recodes, branching, interviewer instructions
Disclosure analysis
Storage formats, distribution formats , persistent identifier
Source of data if not from survey
Source of funding, if any
Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) 3/28/2008
GSE&IS
21DATA PROTECTION-
CONFIDENTIALITY
If your research involves human subjects, you will need to consider both legal and ethical obligations in managing and sharing your data.
Confidentiality refers to the agreement between the researcher and the participant about how the participant's identifiable private information will be handled, managed, and disseminated.
As a researcher, you need a clear view about how to protect the privacy of your research subjects.
From: MANTRA: Research Data Management Training http://datalib.edina.ac.uk/mantra/dataprotection.html
3/28/2008
GSE&IS
22CONFIDENTIALITY,
PART 2
How to minimize risk of disclosure:
If possible, collect the necessary data without using personally identifying information.
If personally identifying information is required, de-identify your data upon collection or as soon as possible thereafter.
Avoid transmitting unencrypted personal data electronically.
Be careful with indirect identifiers.
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GSE&IS
23DATA MANAGEMENT
ROLLOUT SURVEY
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JISC Data Management Rollout Project Survey Results- 2012- http://damaro.oucs.ox.ac.uk/outputs.xml
GSE&IS
24INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
Know your rights as a data producer and data consumer.
Ownership of data
Three legal mechanisms for sharing data:
1. Contracts
2. Licenses
3. Waivers 3/28/2008
GSE&IS
25 RESOURCES UKDA tools for creating and managing data:
http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/media/2894/managingsharing.pdf
MANTRA – online learning tool/tutorial http://datalib.edina.ac.uk/mantra/
JISC Digital Media Advice http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/advice/ http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/creating
UCLA SSDA resources for data management http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/issr/da/archive%20tutorial/preparingdata.html
ICPSR resources for documenting and preserving http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/datamanagement/dmp/framework.html
Qualidata http://www.esds.ac.uk/qualidata/about/introduction.asp
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GSE&IS
26QUESTIONS AND
DISCUSSION
3/28/2008
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