day 2 iucn to improve the living conditions of affected populations - al hima - agdal system: dry...
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Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Between 10 and 20% of drylands are subject to desertification
Desertification exacerbates poverty, creates food and water insecurity and aggravates conflict
Global cost of desertification: 42 billion USD annually
Estimated cost of preventing it: 2.4 billion USD
DESERTIFICATION IS DEFINED BY UNCCD AS: LAND DEGRADATION IN THE DRYLANDS
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Overgrazing of rangeland,
Inappropriate land management that encourages soil erosion by wind and water,
Inappropriate irrigation management leading to salinization,
Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.
In addition to land use change.
Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.
NATURALLY AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES.
DRIVERS OF DESERTIFICATION
Poor understanding of dryland ecology Weak consultation with resource managers Weak communal tenure arrangements and governance Unsupportive policies and investments Human poverty and population dynamics Climate change and climatic uncertainty Fragmentation of landscapes
Desertification is one of today’s greatest environmental challenges, and is a major impediment to meeting basic human needs in drylands and elsewhere
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Different initiatives to restore land and managed biodiversity:
Researches InfrastructureProtected AreasAwareness Campaigns………………….………….…………………
RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES IN DRYLANDS
Setting Up
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
What is the difference between management and governance!!!!!!!!
what is done in pursuit of
conservation objectives the
means and actions to achieve
such objectives
...is about... Management
who decides what to do
how those decisions are
taken
who holds power, authority
and responsibility
who is (or should be) held
accountable
...is about... Governance
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Governance types are defined on:
Basis of “who holds management authority and responsibility and can be held accountable” for a specific protected area
IUCN RECOGNIZE FOUR BROAD TYPES OF GOVERNANCE
The Four Types are:
A. Governance by governmentB. Shared governanceC. Private governanceD. Governance by indigenous peoples and localcommunities
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Different Perspectives
Governance Type A
Governance by Government
Governance Type B
Shared Governance
Governance Type C & D
Private governance and By local Community
Government
Agency
Enforcing rules and repressing violations
Negotiating specific agreementSharing responsibility informal way
Recognizing transferring authorities and responsibilities
Local Communi
ty
Losing all control on land resourcesLetting government take most of decisions
Negotiating agreement to share formally or informally the management authority and responsibility
Conserving or talking on full management authority and responsibility and remaining independents
NGO Let the government dealing with that alone
Support government to communicate with local actors and achieve their support Facilitating the negotiation of specific management agreement
Letting the local actors deal with that alone
HOW DIFFERENT ACTORS ASSESS THE GOVERNANCE TYPES ???
International Union for Conservation of Nature
SO GOOD GOVERNANCE IS
It is Interaction between the State and its Citizens Rules – laws and other norms Institutions Processes Principles GOVERNAN
CE IS MORE THAN
GOVERNMENT
◘
◘
◘
◘
Transparency
Predictability/ “Rule of Law”
Accountability
Participation
Laws and other normsInstitutionsProcesses
Tonle Sap exercise
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
IT IS A COMMUNITY CONSERVED
AREA
IT IS IN PRACTICE PA CATEGORY 5
HIMA / AGDAL = HIMA / AGDAL = GOVERNANCE MODEL GOVERNANCE MODEL
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories
Ia
Strict Nature Reserve
Lb
Wilderness areas
ii. National Park
iii
Natural Monument
IvHabitat/
Species Management
VProtected
Landscape/ Seascape
Vi
Managed Resource
Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection
Active time- limited restoration
Continuous restoration
Continuous Restoration for biodiversity and human needs
CAN TOP DOWN BE WISE FOR CAN TOP DOWN BE WISE FOR RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
SO SO HIMA IN A MANAGEMENT AND HIMA IN A MANAGEMENT AND
GOVERNANCE MATRIX GOVERNANCE MATRIX
Governance types
Protected area categories
A. Governance by government
B. Shared governance
C. Private governance D. Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities
Fed
eral
or
nati
on
al m
inis
try
or
agen
cy in
ch
arge
Sub-
nati
on
al m
inis
try or
agen
cy
in c
har
ge G
ove
rnm
ent
-del
egat
ed
man
agem
ent
(e.g
., t
o a
n N
GO
)
Tran
sbo
un
dar
y m
anag
emen
t
Co
llab
ora
tive
man
agem
ent
(var
iou
s fo
rms
of
plu
ralis
t in
flu
ence
)
Join
t m
anag
emen
t (p
lura
list
man
agem
ent
bo
ard
)
Dec
lare
d a
nd
ru
n b
y in
div
idu
al
lan
d-ow
ner
…b
y no
n-p
rofi
t o
rgan
izati
on
s (e
.g.,
NG
Os,
un
iver
siti
es, c
o-
op
erati
ves)
…b
y fo
r-pro
fit
org
aniz
atio
ns
(e.g
., in
div
idu
al o
r co
rpo
rate
la
nd
ow
ner
s)
Ind
igen
ou
s p
eop
les’
co
nse
rved
ar
eas
and
ter
rito
ries
–
esta
blis
hed
an
d r
un
by
ind
igen
ou
s p
eop
les
Co
mm
un
ity
con
serv
ed a
reas
– d
ecla
red
an
d r
un
by
loca
l co
mm
un
ities
I a. Strict Nature Reserve
Ib. Wilderness Area
II. National Park
III. Natural Monument
IV. Habitat/ Species Management
V. Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI. Managed Resource Protected Area
Setting Up
CONSERVE = RESERVE WILL SHARE WITH YOU WHAT WE OBSERVE !!!!!!
The Zarqa River Basin represents a transitional area between the semi arid high lands in the west to the dry desert in the east.
Biodiversity is being lost and improper land use and heavy ground water extraction are important causes of degradation of land and vegetation.
3,900 Km2 area
A CASE FROM ZARQA RIVER BASIN!!!!!!A CASE FROM ZARQA RIVER BASIN!!!!!!
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Strengthening Local Government:
- To reach the stage of full decentralization the capacity building
Empowerment local level:
- Empowering the local community to be able to participate in the decision making process concerning their natural resources.
It will probably gives further insights in decision-making and concerted actions processes, while deepening understanding on attitudes and
believes of related Stakeholders
Through building their accountability
STRENGTHEN GOVERNANCE
LEGITIMISING HIMA Legal avenues identified and political
dialogue to identify acceptable approaches Land for protection identified by
communities Allocation of land approved by government
Dept. rangelands and Badia development Dept tourism and antiquities
Rules and regulations developed by communities
Inter-community dialogue to enforce rules: enforcement is key
WHAT WE DID NOT DO
Investment in infrastructure Fencing Extensive technical advice
The key is community autonomy and leadership with government
support
Setting Up
4 plots under improved management and conservation (approx. 1000 ha)
Running 4 years so end-results are modest
Major change in attitude and behaviour amongst communities
Significant support from Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture
Updating Range Land strategy
RESULTS
Biodiversity benefits: recovery of floral species
De facto IUCN Protected Area Category 5
Built on local knowledge and expertise in conservation and rangeland management
Dual development and
conservation impacts
RESULTS
RESULTS
Return of plants with medicinal values (e.g. artemesia spp.)
Return of wildlife and possible hunting concessions (e.g. partridge)
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Women’s unique knowledge and skills are essential for effective combating and conservation measures and policies.
Women are important agents of change as managers of natural resources
Supporting economic and income generating options for rural communities.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Year2013 2014 2015 2016
HBH 1Grazing
HBH 1No Grazing
HBH 1Grazing
HBH 1No Grazing
HBH 2Grazing
HBH 2Grazing
HBH 2No Grazing
HBH 2Grazing
HBH 3No Grazing
HBH 3Grazing
HBH 3Grazing
HBH 3Grazing
Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site.
BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE
International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE
International Union for Conservation of Nature
BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE
International Union for Conservation of Nature
The sustainability of specific NRM The sustainability of specific NRM measures are at riskmeasures are at risk when those directly
concerned in local communities are not involved and have no ownership over the
resource or the way it is used and managed.
Setting Up
POSSIBILITIES ARE ENDLESS
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
The starting point for restoring rangelands and reviving Hima is to address social rather than technological constraints.
Reviving Hima is therefore a process rather than an action and whilst it is highly cost-effective.
A number of examples of reviving Hima exist in the Arab region, demonstrating common principles as well as local
adaptations.
Evidence shows that Hima is a way to optimise management of the rangelands to deliver economic and environmental
benefits,
Associated social benefits, and contribute to relevant international targets.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
TO MOVE FROM SCATTERED GOOD PRACTICES TOWARDS MORE
SYSTEMATIC SCALE UP OF HIMAStrengthen land stewardship and communal tenure;
Strengthen scientific and economic evidence and local knowledge to
provide systematic monitoring for quality assurance;
Create an enabling environment of policy and institutional support
and address the cross-sectoral nature of Hima;
Develop incentives and rewards for the multiple and diverse benefits
of Hima;
Build capacity and awareness in public institutions and communities,
with particular focus on the skills of participation, empowerment and
monitoring;
Build partnerships and networks for experience sharing, knowledge
and capacity building, and to maximise the trans-boundary and
international benefits of Hima;
Initiate appropriate steps for resource mobilisation.
Setting Up
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