day 2. what impact do computers have on our lives?
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Computers and Computer Systems
Day 2
What impact do computers have on our lives?
Computers
Education enhanced instruction Video game systems transport you to an
imaginary world ATMs allow you to access bank accounts Television and Movies Mobile computing, text messaging, e-mail,
and online audio/video conferencing allow you to communicate with people all over the world
Understanding the Importance of Computers
First computers developed in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Massive machines with names like UNIVAC and ENIAC
Designed for use by the military and government
Less processing power than an iPhone but occupied small buildings or entire city blocks and cost millions of dollars
Brief History of Computers
Computers in mid-1950s through early 1970s somewhat smaller and more powerful.
1971, Dr. Ted Hoff developed a microprocessor.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built the first Apple computer in 1976.
In 1980, Bill Gates worked with IBM to develop the disk operating system (DOS), which quickly became the PC of choice for businesses.
History Continued
A computer is an electronic device that receives data (input), processes data, stores data and produces a result (output).
Computer system includes:◦ Hardware : The actual machine – wires,
transistors, and circuits. Includes peripheral devices such as printers and monitors.
◦ Software: Instructions or programs for controlling the computer
Defining a Computer
Receives Data Processes Data Outputs Information Stores Data
Description of Computer System
Inputs Data Outputs Data
Processes Data
Stores Data
1. Desktop Computers2. Laptops3. Mobile Devices
◦ PDAs, calculators, cell phones, handheld games
4. Tablet PC5. Mainframe Computer6. Supercomputer7. Portable music and media players (MP3 and
DVD)8. Electronic book readers9. Computer game systems
Types of Computers
Motherboard – a circuit board that contains many important components.◦ Central Processing Unit◦ Memory◦ Basic Controllers◦ Expansion ports and slots
Identifying System Components
The central processing unit or CPU, also called the microprocessor, is the brains of the computer.
The CPU contains a chip with millions of switches and pathways that help your computer make important decisions.
Programs help tell the computer which switches to turn off and on to control the activities of the computer.
Central Processing Unit
As electricity passes through the processor pathways, the turning off and on of switches represents 1s and 0s in a computer. ◦ 1 = electricity present◦ 0 = absence of electricity
A single zero or a single 1 is called a bit. 8 bits are equal to 1 byte. A byte is a single character.
◦ Example : Letter “A”
Recognizing How a Computer Represents Data
TERM ABBREVIATION
NUMBER OF BYTES
Kilobyte KB About 1,000
Megabyte MB About 1 million
Gigabyte GB About 1 billion
Terabyte TB About 1 trillion
Measurement Terms
Memory is also found on the motherboard. RAM (Random Access Memory)
◦ Short-term memory that is erased after you turn off the computer.
ROM (Read Only Memory)◦ Long-term memory used to store specific
instructions that are needed for computer operations.
Memory
Think about what you have learned in this lesson. Your goal is to purchase a computer. 1. Where would you shop – online, or through a local
computer dealer, retail store or other? 2. How much memory would you need? 3. Would you purchase a desktop, notebook or other
type of computer?
Write a 1-2 paragraph essay answering the above questions and outlining your thoughts about what other technologies you would include.
Explain why you made these selections.
Critical Thinking
Input, Output and Processing Devices
Day 3
Allow you to enter data and commands into the computer.◦ Example:
Keyboard Mouse Trackball Touchpad Pointing Stick Microphones
Input Devices
Used for specialized applications.◦ Digital Cameras◦ Game Controllers◦ Scanners/Bar Code Readers◦ Touch Display Screen ◦ Stylus◦ Security Devices
Specialized Inputs
Enables the computer to give you the results of the processed data.◦ Examples:
Monitors Printers Speakers Headphones Projectors Fax Machines
Output Devices
As data is entered in the computer and processed, it is stored in RAM. If you want to keep a permanent copy of the data, you must store it on some type of storage device. ◦ Three types of storage devices.
Magnetic Technology Optical Technology Solid-state Storage
Storage Devices
Use oxide-coated plastic storage media called Mylar.
Examples:◦ Hard Disks◦ Magnetic Tape◦ Floppy disks◦ Zip Disks
Magnetic Storage Devices
Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters.◦ Examples:
CDs DVDs Blu-ray
Optical Storage Devices
Referred to as removal media◦ Examples:
Memory Cards USB Flash Drive
Solid-State Storage Media
Software Fundamentals
Day 3
Software is divided into two classes.◦ System Software◦ Application Software
Software
Application Software is the end-user programs that allows the user to tell the computer what to do.
Microsoft Office Suite is an example of application software.◦ The Suite includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint and
Access.
Application Software
Word is the word-processing software. Use this software to create, edit and print
documents. Examples of documents:
◦ Reports◦ Letters◦ Resumes◦ Memos
Word
Excel is the spreadsheet software. Use to evaluate, calculate, manipulate,
analyze and present numeric data. Examples of documents:
◦ Budgets◦ Spreadsheets◦ Grade Sheets◦ Invoices
Excel
PowerPoint is the presentation software. Used to organize and present information,
normally in the form of a slide show. Examples of Documents
◦ Slides◦ Outlines◦ Speaker’s notes◦ Audience Handouts
PowerPoint
Access is the database software. Used as a collection of related information
organized in a manner that allows for rapid search and retrieval.
Examples of documents◦ Addresses◦ Schedules◦ Inventory
Access
Utility programs help you perform computer housekeeping chores.
Examples◦ Antivirus programs◦ Defragmentation◦ Backup program
Utility Programs
Operating system is system software that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the application software.
Most widely used system software is Windows XP.
System Software
Networks Fundamentals
Day 4
A network is a group of two or more computers linked together.
The biggest network of all is the Internet.
Network
Instant Communication Information Sharing Collaborative Environment Hardware sharing Software sharing Enhanced Communication
Network Benefits
Many weaknesses and risks to networks.◦ Data security and unauthorized access◦ Equipment malfunctions◦ System failures◦ Computer hackers
Hackers are people who break into computer systems to steal services and information.
◦ Virus attacks◦ E-mail not necessarily private
Risks of Networks
Networks are divided into two main types.◦ Local Area Network (LAN)◦ Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Types of Networks
Most LANs connect personal computers, workstations and other devices such as printers in a limited geographic area, such as an office building, a school or a home.
Wireless networks are a type of local area network.
LANs
A wide area network covers a large geographic area and communicate links across cities, regions or national boundaries.
The largest WAN is the Internet. Most WANs consist of two or more LANs and
are connected by routers. WANs can be connected through channels
like telephone systems, fiber optics, satellites, microwaves or any combination of these.
WANs
Firewall – special hardware to protect a network from outside networks
Intranet – designed for the exclusive use of people within an organization.
Extranet – similar to Intranet but it allows specific users outside of organization to access Intranet.
Internet – worldwide system composed of thousands of smaller networks.
Other Network Terms
Log onto wikispace. Answer the Computer Purchase Questions
and Social Networking questions on one Word document.
Make sure you save and send it to me through Moodle when you finish.
Questions
Electronic Communication
3rd Quarter
Internet provides many communication services.◦ Electronic mail◦ Instant messaging◦ Text messaging◦ Online conferencing◦ Chat rooms◦ Social networking sites◦ Blog postings/comments◦ Message boards and newsgroups
Electronic Communication Categories
Communication requires the following components:◦ Sender: The person sending the message◦ Receiver: The person receiving the message◦ Channel: The media that carries or transports the
message◦ Protocols: The rules that govern the transfer of
data and ensures that information created by one system can be interpreted and read by another
Components of Communication
An e-mail address consists of three parts:◦ The user name of the individual◦ The @ symbol◦ The user’s domain name
E-mail Addresses
When you compose an e-mail message, it should contain four main components.◦ Address of the person you are sending the
message.◦ Subject Line, which should grab the reader’s
attention◦ Body of the Message◦ Attachments if needed
Parts of an E-mail Message
A virus is a program that has been written, usually by a hacker, to cause corruption of data on a computer.
Usually they are attached to a file and spread from one file to another.
Viruses
Worm – a virus that makes copies of itself, resulting in the consumption of system resources that slows down or actually halts tasks.
Time Bomb – a virus that does not cause its damage until a certain date or until the system has been booted a certain number of times.
Types of Viruses
Logic Bomb – a virus triggered by the appearance or disappearance of specified data.
Trojan horse – a virus that does something different from what it is expected to do.
Types (Cont).
Use antivirus software and update this software regularly.
Be careful in opening e-mail attachments. Do not access files copied from USB drives,
other media or downloaded from the Internet without scanning the files first.
Protect Your Computer
The Web actually began in 1990, when Dr. Tim Berners-Lee wrote a small computer program for his own use.
It wasn’t until 1993 the number of people using the Web increased significantly when Mark Andreessen released Mosaic, which was the first graphical browser.
Mosaic is similar to what Firefox and Internet Explorer are now.
History of the World Wide Web
The web sites at www.ibiblio.org/pioneers contains a profile of 10 Internet pioneers. Complete the following:
Visit the www.ibiblio.org/pioneers Web site and select one of the pioneers.
Read the biography of the pioneer you selected.
Copy a photo of the pioneer to Word document and write a paragraph describing his or her contributions to the Internet.
Project 27-2
Web Content3rd Quarter???
Web pages and Web sites Blogs
◦ Authors post comments and readers can comment on entries.
Wikis◦ A collaborative website that can be edited by anyone
with access. Social Networking Sites
◦ Groups of people who share similar interests Podcasts
◦ A collection of multimedia files that can be downloaded from the Internet to other devices.
Web Content You can Create
Technology today is integrated into almost every facet of life and influences how you work, use computers at home and learn about the world outside your doors.
Using Computers
Collecting Information Organizing Information Evaluating Information Communicating Information Increasing Productivity Collaborating with Others and Solve Problems Creating Communities Facilitating Learning Promoting Creativitiy Supporting Critical Thinking Supporting Daily Life
Impact of Computers
How do computers impact our daily life?
Computers in Everyday Life
ATMs – Teller machines allow use to get money.
Credit Card – Pay for something without money.
Automated Processes – robots on assembly lines.
Point-of-Sale Systems – buy something and it is scanned into the computer system
Living Online
Weather Predicting – severe weather reports Computers in Appliances – built in clocks,
automobiles, cell phones GPS – provide location and directions Security Systems – protect home and cars
Living Online
E-Commerce – buying and selling things online
Media – news and information can be communicated much quicker now
Online Learning – people can take classes online
Robotics – assembly lines and dangerous tasks
Telecommuting – working from home Online Communities – Social networks
Transform Daily Life
Social networking online is a recent technology that has become very popular. Research this technology and then prepare a report defining what you consider the definition of a social network site, list at least four examples of social networking sites and then discuss why you think this technology has become so popular. Select one site (other than Facebook or MySpace) and describe the differences between the network site you selected and Facebook or MySpace.
Lesson 30 Online Discovery
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