definitions accidents: undesirable, unplanned, uncontrolled and unexpected event that can cause...
Post on 02-Jan-2016
281 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
Accidents:Undesirable, unplanned, uncontrolled and unexpected event that can cause injury to workers and damage to properties
Injury:Harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of an
accident
Fatal injury:Death occurring up to a year after accident
Major injury:Type of harm which causes permanent or prolonged impairmentof the body
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVENTIONBASIC PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION
Successful safety programs depend on:• Leadership by the management• Safe and healthful working conditions• Safe work practices by employees
Top management cannot delegate responsibility in safety
Management must: • Be willing to accept the responsibility of occupational safety
and health as an integral part, of their jobs• Establish safety policies• Stimulate awareness of safety in others• Show their own interests
Front line supervisor:• Bears the greatest responsibility for implementing safety and health
programs• Must be given appropriate training' support, assistance and authority
HeinrichHeinrich
90 % of accident do not cause any injury (near misses)
Determine and eliminate the causes of near misses to avoid accident
Near misses provide information in preventing accidents
Domino or sequential theory. . . . The natural culmination of a series, of events or circumstances one is dependent on another and one follows another, thus constituting a sequence that may he compared with a row of donlinoes placed or end and, in such alignment in relation to one another that the fall of the first domino precipitates the, fall of the entire row."
Accident prevention programs can be worked out by removing one of the factors that leads up to it
The factors portrayed as dominoes were:1. Ancestry and social environment2. The fault of the person3. An unsafe act and/or unsafe mechanical or physical
environment4. The accident5. The injury
Immediate causes of accidents1. Unsafe act2. Unsafe condition
· General perception -- 90 % of accidents are related to unsafe acts and 10 % due to unsafe conditions.
70 % of accidents could have been prevented by management action
Japanese Central Council on Preventing Industrial Accidents lists seven leading unsafe acts as
1. violation or neglect of rules and regulations2. sloppy liaison procedures3. mishandling and/or misjudgment by equipment operators4. carelessness5. abuse or neglect of safety devices6. irrational behavior7. unsafe job performance due to physical handicap
Seven leading causes of accidents
a. physiological causesb. psychological causesC. management errorsd. poor traininge. unsafe equipment or work environmentf. insufficient skillg. socio-cultural factors
HAZARD RECOGNITIONHAZARD RECOGNITION
Identify all the hazards in order to prevent accidents and to control losses
Accident prevention represents a form of control :1. Control of the workers' performance2. Control of the tools and machines3. Control of the working environment
Causes of accidents :1. Unsafe condition (environmental)2. Unsafe act (behavioristic)
There is no single cause of an accident
There are underlying contributing factors leading up to it
Accident is caused by a series of errors on the part of a worker, co-workers, or the supervisor combined with poor design, poor maintenance, the condition within the plant itself or the ill-conceived layout of a job or process.
Key To Accident Key To Accident
PreventionPrevention
Determining The Cause
Preventing recurrences
THE UNSAFE ACTTHE UNSAFE ACT
Any act on the part of a person which will increase his or her chances of having an accident
Many workers take unnecessary risks on the job because they believe they will not have an accident - it can't happen to me
· Negative reinforcement
E.g. Drivers who violate traffic rules
They have been 'rewarded' for unsafe driving behavior in two ways
1. They have achieved whatever their goal was2. They have had no accidents and are thus still alive
· The more reinforcement they have succeeded in careless methods, the more reinforcement they seem to have received
To determine unsafe act :a. What did someone do or fail to dob. Was the injured employee following procedureC. What specific task need to be eliminated or added to
prevent a recurrence?
Most commonly found unsafe acts :1. Using broken or defective hand tools2. Not wearing the prescribed personal protective equipment3. Not following safety procedures or obeying the safety rules4. Poor housekeeping practices on the part of the worker around the work place5. Careless attitudes and ignorance
Many unsafe acts occur because workers were not properly trained or motivated by their supervisors
· Certain actions in some situations will increase chances of accidental injuries
THE UNSAFE CONDITIONTHE UNSAFE CONDITION
Condition within the working environment which increases the worker's
chances of having an accident
Greatest contributors of unsafe conditions are the actions of the employees
Themselves
Unsafe condition :
1. The mechanical and the physical condition of the equipment (unguarded moving machine parts)
2. Condition of the walking and working surfaces (defective floors and aisles)
3. Illumination, ventilation, sound, vibration, toxic fumes,
Categories of unsafe conditions :
1. The action or inaction of the workers at the workplace
2. The deterioration of tools, machines and equipment due to normal
wear and tear
3. Poor or inadequately designed tools, machines and operating
equipment.
4. The omission of safety features during the engineering or maintenance
of the equipment
Contributing Causes of AccidentsContributing Causes of Accidents
Those acts or conditions which led up to the cause of theaccident, but in themselves were not the determining cause of
theaccident Examples :
a. Inadequate codes or standardsb. Failure by management to enforce safety rulesC. Faulty design or lack of maintenanced. Inadequate personal protective equipment
Strong management team and a cooperative safety minded workforce to control the
contributing factors
THE ANATOMY OF AN ACCIDENT THE ANATOMY OF AN ACCIDENT
Contributing Causes
Immediate Causes
The Accident
The Results Of The
Accidents
CONTRIBUTING CAUSESCONTRIBUTING CAUSES
Supervisory safety performance
a. safety instructions inadequateb. safety rules not enforcedC. safety not planned into the jobd. infrequent employee safety contactse. hazards left uncorrectedf. safety devices and equipment not provided
Mental Condition of Worker
a. Lack of safety awareness and trainingb. Lack of coordinationC. Improper attituded. Slow mental reactione. Inattentionf. Lack of emotional stabilityg. Nervousnessh. Temperament
……continuecontinue
Physical condition of worker
a. Extreme fatigueb. DeafnessC. Poor eyesightd. Heart conditione. High blood pressuref. Lack of physical qualifications for the job
IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTSIMMEDIATE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS
Unsafe Acts
a. Protective equipment or safety equipment provided but not used b. Hazardous method of handling materials (wrong lifting method, loose
grip etc.)C. Improper use of tools or equipment although proper tools were
availabled. Hazardous movement (running, jumping, throwing, etc.)e. Horseplay
Unsafe Conditions
a. Ineffective safety deviceb. Safety device required but not providedc. Poor housekeeping (material on floor, stacking, storage, congestion on
aisles)d. Defective equipment, tools, machines and electrical systems.e. Improper dress or apparel for jobf. Improper or inadequate illumination, ventilation
THE ACCIDENT
a. Struck byb. Struck againstc. Caught in, on or betweend. Fall from abovee. Electrical contactf. Burn
RESULTS OF THE ACCIDENTS
a. Annoyanceb. Production delaysc. Reduced qualityd. Spoilagee. Minor injuryf. Disabling injuryg. Fatality
ACCIDENT CONTROL STEPSACCIDENT CONTROL STEPS
Accident is an indicator that the management system is notfunctioning accident prevention program Control steps to be taken :
a. Supervisory Safety Performance
a. Job-hazard analysisb. Enforcement of safety rulesC. Adequate safety knowledged. Promotion of employee participation in the safety
programe. Proper job placementf. Development of safety working condition
Mental Working Condition of Worker
a. Daily safety contacts by the supervisorb. Adequate safety indoctrination and on the job safety trainingC. Safety promotion and publicityd. Regularly schedule safety meetingse. Employee participation in the safety programf. Adequate supervisor - employee communication on all matters
concerning safety on the job
Physical Condition of The Worker
a. Pre-placement physical examinationsb. Periodic examinationsC. Proper job placementsd. Adequate medical systemse. Recognition of physical limitations of workers newly placed on
the job
top related