delaware motorcycle manual | delaware motorcycle handbook
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MOTORCYCLE
OPERATOR
MOTORCYCLE
OPERATOR
MANUALMANUAL
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HOW TO OBTAIN A MOTORCYCLE EN
A DELAWARE DRIVER LIC1.You must be a Delaware licensed driver before applying for this en2.You can apply at one of the following Motor Vehicle Facilities:
* Wilmington at 2230 Hessler Blvd * Dover at 30* Georgetown at 23737 DuPont Blvd
3.If you are less than 18 years of age you must complete the State apEducation Course. Upon successful completion of the course, whicskill test, you will receive a Student Completion Card (SCC).
Present the SCC at the Division of Motor Vehicles, pay a fee of $8(for 8yr license), pass an eye test and a motorcycle endorsement weligibility to operate a motorcycle. The SCC is valid for a period oof issue. A parents signature is required for M endorsement.
4.
If you are over 18 years of age:
You must pass a written, eye and road sign test.
(a) Note:The DMV knowledge test will contain questions fro
You will be issued a six (6) month temporary motorcycle leapreliminary tests and paying a fee of $8.00 (for 5yr license) $six (6) month extension is available for $5.00.
You will be required to wait 10 days before taking the motor10 day period you can take the test anytime during the remain
permit, at the Lane where the permit was issued.
You can take a State approved Motorcycle Rider Education C
Skill test along with the six month learners permit will be wcompletion of the course.5.With a temporary motorcycle learners permit the law states:
No passengers shall be allowed on the motorcycle;
Operating a motorcycle between sunset and sunrise is prohib
A safety helmet and eye protection as approved by the Officeworn; and,
Operation is not permitted on the federal interstate highway s
Upon satisfactorily completing all of the above requirements, a new pissued indicating your eligibility to operate a motorcycle.
RENEWAL Renewal of a Driver License with a Motorcycle Endlicense) $12.00 (for 8yr license) in addition to your regular fee.
INSURANCE Liability Insurance coverage is compulsory for yo
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CONTENTS CONTENTS
THE RIDER AND
THE MOTORCYCLE ...........................4
PREPARING TO RIDE
Wear the Right Gear ............................5
Know Your Motorcycle ........................7
Know Your Responsibilities ...............10
RIDE WITHIN YOUR ABILITIES
Basic Vehicle Control ..........................11
Keeping Your Distance .......................15
SEE .......................................................20
Intersections .......................................21
Increasing Conspicuity .......................24
Crash Avoidance .................................27
Handling Dangerous Surfaces ...........30
Mechanical Problems .........................33
Animals ...............................................34
Flying Objects .....................................35
Getting Off the Road .........................35
Carrying Passengersand Cargo .......................................35
Group Riding .......................................38
BEING IN SH
Why This InfImportant
Alcohol andMotorcyc
Alcohol in th
Alcohol andMinimize th
Step in to Pr
Fatigue .....
EARNING Y
THREE-WHE
Supplementfor Three-
Know Your V
Basic VehicleCarrying Pas
HAND SIGN
T-CLOCS PR
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4 THE RIDER AND THE M
Motorcycling is a
unique experience.Compared to a car,you dont sit in amotorcycle, youbecome part of it.Not as a passive
driver, but as anactive rider arcinginto a string ofsmooth corners,playing along withthe rhythm of theroad; shifting,accelerating,and brakingwith precision.Whether youride to and fromwork or prefer
the camaraderie of a group ride on theweekend, motorcycling engages all yoursenses and creates an invigorating senseof freedom.
Along with that freedom comesresponsibility. All states require
some form of license endorsementdemonstrating you possess a minimumlevel of skill and knowledge. Thisbooklet and other motorcyclepublications can help prepare you to
and supports t
Motorcycle SaSafe riding iseyes and mindfeet.
Successfullymuch more incar. Motorcyclof balance andawareness androadway usersmore quickly t
RIDING
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PREPARING TO RIDE
What you do before you start a trip goes a long way whether or not youll get where you want to go safely. trip, a safe rider makes a point to:
1. Wear the right gear.
2. Become familiar with the motorcycle.
3. Check the motorcycle equipment.
4. Be a responsible rider.
WEAR THE RIGHT GEAR
When you ride, your gear is rightif it protects you. In any crash, you have
a far better chance of avoiding seriousinjury if you wear:
A DOT compliant helmet.
Face or eye protection.
Protective clothing.
Helmet UseCrashes can occur particularly
among untrained, beginning riders.And one out of every five motorcyclecrashes results in head or neck injuries.Head injuries are just as severe as neckinjuries and far more common. Crashanalyses show that head and neckinjuries account for a majority of seriousand fatal injuries to motorcyclists.Research also shows that with few
a helmet danger.
Most cra
trips (less a few min
Most ride30 mph wthese speethe numbinjuries by
No matter wriders are thresurvive head iwearing helmcrash. The sinyou can do to
surviving a crafastened, qua
Helmet Se
There are tw
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6 PREPARI
Whatever helmet you
decide on, keep it securelyfastened on your headwhen you ride. Otherwise,if you are involved in acrash, its likely to fly offyour head before it gets a
chance to protect you.
Eye and FaceProtection
A plastic shatter-resistantfaceshield can help protect
your whole face in acrash. It also protects youfrom wind, dust, dirt, rain, insects andpebbles thrown up from cars ahead.These problems are distracting andcan be painful. If you have to dealwith them, you cant devote your fullattention to the road.
Goggles protect your eyes, thoughthey wont protect the rest of your facelike a faceshield does. A windshieldis not a substitute for a faceshield orgoggles. Most windshields will notprotect your eyes from the wind. Neitherwill eyeglasses or sunglasses. Glasseswont keep your eyes from watering,and they might blow off when you turn
h d hil idi
Clothing
The right cloa collision. It aas well as protdebris and ho
motorcycle. It visible to othe
Jacket anarms and should fit from flapp
loosely enLeather ofSturdy syna lot of pra jacket e
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8 PREPARI
Front and rear brakes.
Turn signals.
Horn.
Two mirrors.
Borrowing and Lending
Borrowers and lenders of motorcycles,beware. Crashes are fairly commonamong beginning riders especiallyin the first months of riding. Ridingan unfamiliar motorcycle adds to theproblem. If you borrow a motorcycle,
get familiar with it in a controlled area.And if you lend your motorcycle tofriends, make sure they are licensed andknow how to ride before allowing themout into traffic.
No matter how experienced you
may be, ride extra carefully on anymotorcycle thats new or unfamiliarto you. More than half of all crashes
involve riders w
of experience
Get FamiliaMotorcycle
Make sure ywith the moto
it out on the sthe owners mimportant if yomotorcycle.
If you are gomotorcycle:
Make all your own
Find out particularheadlight
and enginoperate thto look fo
MOTORC
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Know the controls.Work the
throttle, clutch, brakes, and shifter afew times before you start riding.
Ride very cautiouslyand be awareof surroundings. Accelerate gently,take turns more slowly and leaveextra room for stopping.
Check Your Motorcycle
A motorcycle needs more frequentattention than a car. A minor technicalfailure on a car is seldom more than aninconvenience for the driver. The same
failure on a motorcycle may result in acrash or having to leave your motorcycleparked on the side of the road. Ifanythings wrong with your motorcycle,youll want to find out about it beforeyou get in traffic.
The primary source of informationabout how a motorcycle should beinspected and maintained is its ownersmanual. Be sure to absorb all of itsimportant information. A motorcycle willcontinue to ride like new if it is properly
maintained and routine inspectionsbecome part of its maintenance cycle.
A pre-ride inspection only takesa few minutes and should be donebefore every ride to prevent problems
Try the fro
one at a tfirm and hfully appli
C Contro
Make sureoperate smshould snwhen relefeel tight smoothly.
Try the ho
Clean andbefore stawith one adjust a mso you canas much ato you. Wmirror maarm or shobehind yomost impo
L Lights
Check boTest your high and
Turn on bturn signa
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10 PREPARI
Look underneath the motorcycle for
signs of an oil or fuel leak.
C Chassis
Check the front suspension. Ensurethere is no binding. The rear shocksand springs should move smoothly.
Be sure the chain is adjustedaccording to the manufacturersspecifications and that the sprocketsare not worn or damaged.
S Stands
Ensure the side stand operates
smoothly and that the spring holdsit tightly in the up position. Ifequipped, the center stand shouldalso be held firmly against the framewhenever the motorcycle is moving.
Additionally, regular maintenance
such as tune-ups and oil changes are asimportant for a motorcycle as routinecheckups by your doctor are for you.Wear and tear is normal with use;routine maintenance will help preventcostly breakdowns. The schedule for
regular upkeep for motorcycle partsand controls is contained in yourmotorcycles owners manual.
KNOW YOUR
responsibility t
Both of you armight be the fievents leadingleave any of u
As a rider yooperators will
of way. To lesscrash occurrin
Be visibleuse your hlane posit
Communuse the prand lane p
Maintaincushion followed,
being pas Search yo
seconds a
Identify a
Be prepa
and knowcrash-avo
Blame doesis injured in a aware make c
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RIDE WITHIN YOUR ABILITI
This manual cannot teach you how to control directioThats something you can learn only through practice, pcourse of instruction like an MSF RiderCourse.But contryour abilities and riding within them, along with knowinof the road.
BASIC VEHICLE CONTROL
Body Position
To control a motorcycle well:
Posture Position yourselfcomfortably so you are able tooperate all the controls and can useyour arms to steer the motorcycle,rather than to hold yourself up.This helps you bond with yourmotorcycle and allows you to reactquickly to hazards.
Seat Sit far enough forward sothat arms are slightly bent whenyou hold the handgrips. Bendingyour arms permits you to press onthe handlebars without having tostretch.
Hands Hold the handgripsfirmly to keep your grip over roughsurfaces. Start with your rightwrist flat. This will help you keepfrom accidentally using too much
throttle. A
so your habelow youyou to useprecision s
Kneesthe gas ta
balance a
Feet Kfootrests tdrag youron sometand it cou
the motorthe controfast if neetoes pointget caughthe footre
Shifting Ge
There is mosimply gettingup speed smo
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12 RIDE WITHIN YOU
for neutral, which is selected by either
a half lift from 1st gear or a halfpress from 2nd gear. Most motorcycleshave five gears, but some have four orsix gears.
As your motorcycle increasesspeed, you will need to shift up to ahigher gear. Shift up well before theengine RPM reaches its maximumrecommended speed. As a general rule,shift up soon enough to avoid over-revving the engine, but not so soon to
cause the engine to lug.
When upshifting, use a 3-stepprocess:1) Roll off the throttle as yousqueeze the clutch lever, 2) lift the
enough before
When dowprocess:1) Rosqueeze the cshift lever dowclutch lever asOnce the shift
the shift lever the next shift.slightly while sclutch can helto speed moredownshift smo
gear causes anthe brakes. Thbraking. To usdown one geathe clutch throbetween eachclutch in the fengine speed the lever fully downshift. Usa time, but it imore than onsqueezed.
Remain in fistopped so thquickly if you
Work towar
SHIFTING GEARS
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slow or stop. The front brake is more
powerful and can provide at least 70%of your total stopping power. The frontbrake is safe to use if you use it properly.
Maximum straight-line braking isaccomplished by fully applying bothfront and rear brakes without locking
either wheel.
To do this:
Squeeze the front brakesmoothly, firmly and withprogressively more force. Do notgrab the brake lever or use abrupt
pressure.
As the motorcycles weighttransfers forward, more tractionbecomes available at the frontwheel, so the front brake can beapplied harder after braking begins.
Keep your knees against thetank and your eyes up, lookingwell ahead. This helps you stop themotorcycle in a straight line.
Apply light-to-lighter pressure
to the rear brake pedal to prevent arear wheel skid. As weight transfersforward less traction is availableat the rear. Use less rear brakepressure.
To stop as q
possible in a croad and traffimotorcycle as as possible, thnot allow, brakbut do not app
as you would istraight up. Asyour lean anglbecomes availmore firmly apby the time ththe motorcyclehandlebars are
Linked andBraking Sy
Some motowhich connec
brakes on the braking pressueither the fronapplied. An inis a variation owhich partial f
whenever the Consult your odetailed explaand effective u
A i L k
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14 RIDE WITHIN YOU
Turning
Approach turns and curves withcaution. Riders often try to take curvesor turns too fast. When they cant holdthe turn, they end up crossing intoanother lane of traffic or going off theroad. Or, they overreact and brake too
hard, causing a skid and loss of control.
Use four steps for better control:
SLOW Reduce speed before theturn by closing the throttle and, ifnecessary, applying both brakes.
LOOK Look through the turnto where you want to go. Turn
just your head, not your shoulders,and keep your eyes level with thehorizon.
PRESS To turn, the motorcycle
must lean. To lean the motor-cycle, press on the handgrip inthe direction of the turn. Press lefthandgrip lean left go left.Press right handgrip lean right go right. The higher the speed in a
turn, the greater the lean angle. ROLL Roll on the throttle to
maintain or slightly increase speed.This helps stabilize the motorcycle.
In normal tu
motorcycle shsame angle.
In slow, tighleaning the myour body stra
SLOW, T
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KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE
The best protection you can have isdistance a cushion of space separating yourself from other vehicleson the roadway. This will provide youwith a clear view of emerging trafficsituations, so that if someone else
makes a mistake, you will have: More time to respond.
More space to maneuver, includingan escape route if necessary.
Lane Positions
Successful motorcyclists know thatthey are safer when clearly seen. Insome ways the size of the motorcyclecan work to your advantage. Each trafficlane gives a motorcycle three paths oftravel, as indicated in the illustration.
Your lane position should help you: Increase your ability to see and be
seen.
Avoid others blind spots.
Avoid surface hazards.
Protect your lane from other drivers. Communicate your intentions.
Avoid win
vehicles.
Provide an
Set up for
Many motothird of the la
automobiles position. You varying your lwarrant, keepof the lane neincluding the
You should
portion of thelikely to be sea space cushioposition as traRide in path 2potential probonly. Remain
are on your rigbeing operatethe center of your best opti
Remember,lane is the pla
drippings fromhazards such located. Unles
L
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16 RIDE WITHIN YOU
average center strip permits adequatetraction to ride on safely. You canoperate to the left or right of the greasestrip and still be within the center thirdof the traffic lane. Avoid riding on bigbuildups of oil and grease usually foundat busy intersections or tollbooths.
Experienced riders rely on their ownbest judgment and instincts. Oneabsolute, however, is to avoid riding in
h hi l bli d
count off thousand-
If you reayou reachtoo closely
A two-secoleaves a minimstop or swervesuddenly. It alpotholes and o
FOLLOWING
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When behind a car, ride where the
driver can see you in the rearview mirror.Riding in the center portion of the laneshould put your image in the middle ofthe rearview mirror where a driver ismost likely to see you.
Riding at the far side of a lane maypermit a driver to see you in a sideviewmirror. But remember that most driversdont look at their sideview mirrorsnearly as often as they check therearview mirror. If the traffic situationallows, the center portion of the lane isusually the best place for you to be seenby the drivers ahead and to prevent lanesharing by others.
Being Followed
Speeding up to lose someone followingtoo closely only ends up with someonetailgating you at a higher speed.
A better way to handle tailgatersis to get them in front of you. Whensomeone is following too closely,change lanes and let them pass. If youcant do this, slow down and open upextra space ahead of you to allow roomfor both you and the tailgater to stop.
This will also encourage them to pass.If they dont pass, you will have givenyourself and the tailgater more time andspace to react in case an emergencydoes develop ahead.
Passing
1. Ride inlane at to incremake yand cheUse you
head to2. When
lane anpositioncar andhazards
3. Ride thquickly
4. Signal mirror areturninand the
Remembercompleted wlimits, and onKnow your s
PASSING
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18 RIDE WITHIN YOU
Being Passed
When you are being passed frombehind, stay in the center portion ofyour lane. Riding close to the passingvehicle could put you in a hazardoussituation.
Avoid being hit by:
The other vehicle A slightmistake by you or the passing drivercould cause a sideswipe.
Extended mirrors Some driversforget that their mirrors hang outfarther than their fenders.
Objects thrown from windows Even if the driver knows yourethere, a passenger may not see youand might toss something on you orthe road ahead of you.
Blasts of wind from larger
vehicles They can affect yourcontrol. You have more room forerror if you are in the middle portionwhen hit by this blast than if youare on either side of the lane.
Do notmo
lane farthest fmight invite thinto your lane
Lane Shari
Cars and mto operate safprohibited.
Riding betwmoving cars inyou vulnerablehand could co
a door could osuddenly. Discothers. Keep awhenever drivto squeeze bytempted to do
In heavy,traffic.
When th
When yoan interse
When yo
lane or leaBEING PASSED
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20 RIDE WITHIN YOU
considered enswerve and/orfor someone opath of travel.
SEE
Good, experiencedriders are always aware ofwhat is going on aroundthem. They reduce theirrisk by using MSFs three-step SEESMstrategy:
Search
Evaluate
Execute
SEE will help youassess what is going on
in traffic so you can planand implement the safestcourse of action as trafficsituations change. Letslook at each of thesesteps.
Search
How assertively yousearch, and how muchtime and space you have,can eliminate or minimize
risk. As you search, focuson finding potential escape routes,especially in or around intersections,shopping areas and school andconstruction zones.
RIDER RADAR
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Hazardousroad conditions that
require you to be alert, especially inareas with limited visibility. Visuallybusy surroundings could hide youand your motorcycle from others.
Evaluate
Evaluate means to think about howhazards can interact to create risks foryou. Anticipate potential problems andhave a plan to reduce risks, particularlywhen faced with:
Road and surface characteristics
such as potholes, guardrails,bridges, telephone poles and treesthat wont move into your path, butmay influence your riding strategy.
Traffic control devices includingtraffic signals, warning signs, and
pavement markings, which willrequire you to carefully evaluatecircumstances ahead.
Vehicles and other trafficthatmay move into your path andincrease the likelihood of a crash.
Think about your time and spacerequirements in order to maintain amargin of safety, and give yourselftime to react if an emergency arises.
E t
Apply the o
time to handAdjust speed tto separate. Tat a time as simaking becomthree or more
consequencesdistance to the
In potential intersections, and constructand both brak
need to react.
INTERSEC
The greatesbetween you intersections. in the middle a driveway onanywhere traftravel. Over oncrashes are cariders right-offront of you, i
from the lane side streets ththe biggest daat intersection
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22 RIDE WITHIN YOU
There are no guarantees thatothers see you. Never count on eyecontact as a sign that a driver will
yield. Too often, a driver looks right at amotorcyclist and still fails to see himor her. The only eyes that you can counton are your own. If a car can enter yourpath, assume that it will. Good riders
Increase youseen at interseheadlight on a
provides the btraffic. Providethe motorcycltake evasive aan intersection
LARGE INTERSECTIONS
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STOP SI
the intersection, move away from the
vehicle. Do not change speed or positionradically, as drivers might think youare preparing to turn. Be prepared tobrake hard and hold your position if anoncoming vehicle turns in front of you,especially if there is other traffic around
you. This strategy should also be usedwhenever a vehicle in the oncominglane of traffic is signaling for a left turn,whether at an intersection or not.
Blind Intersections
If you approach a blind intersection,
move to the portion of the lane that willbring you into another drivers field ofvision at the earliest possible moment.In this picture, the rider has moved tothe left portion of the lane awayfrom the parked car so the driver on
the cross street can see him as soon aspossible.
Remember, the key is to see as muchas possible and remain visible to otherswhile protecting your space.
If you have a stop sign or stop line,stop there first. Then edge forwardand stop again, just short of where thecross-traffic lane meets your lane. Fromthat position, lean your body forward
BLIND
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have the headlights on when running).Studies show that, during the day, amotorcycle with its light on is twice as
likely to be noticed. Use low beam atnight and in fog.
Signals
The signals on a motorcycle are similarto those on a car. They tell others what
you plan to do.However, due to a riders added
vulnerability, signals are even moreimportant. Use them anytime you plant h l t U th
Once you turn
off or a driverpath, thinkingUse your signacan react accoguess what yo
Brake Ligh
Your motornot as noticeaa car particis on. (It goes If the situationnotice you by
before you sloimportant to flbefore:
You slowothers mihigh-spee
You slowexpect it (at an alley
If you are bea good idea to
before you slowatching you ahead that wiThis will hopetailgating and
SIGNALING
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26 RIDE WITHIN YOU
from behind. If the drivers arent
paying attention, they could be ontop of you before they see you.
Before you change lanes.Makesure no one is about to pass you.
Before you slow down. The driverbehind may not expect you to slow,
or may be unsure about where youwill slow. For example, you signal aturn and the driver thinks you planto turn at a distant intersection,rather than at a nearer driveway.
Most motorcycles have rounded(convex) mirrors. These provide awider view of the road behind thando flat mirrors. They also make carsseem farther away than they really are.If you are not used to convex mirrors,get familiar with them. (While you
are stopped, pick out a parked car inyour mirror. Form a mental image ofhow far away it is. Then, turn aroundand look at it to see how close youcame.)Practice with your mirrors untilyou become a good judge of distance.
Even then, allow extra distance beforeyou change lanes.
Head Checks
Checking your mirrors is not enough
Frequent heyour normal sOnly by knowall aroundyoto deal with i
Horn
Be ready to someones att
It is a good before passing
USING M
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28 RIDE WITHIN YOU
Stopping Quickly
in a CurveIf you know the
technique, using bothbrakes in a turn is possible,although it should be donevery carefully. When leaning
the motorcycle some ofthe traction is used forcornering. Less traction isavailable for stopping. Askid can occur if you applytoo much brake. Also, using
the front brake incorrectly on a slipperysurface may be hazardous. Use cautionand squeeze the brake lever, never grab.
If you must stop quickly while turningin a curve, first straighten and squarethe handlebars, then stop. If you find
yourself in a situation that does notallow straightening first, such as whenthere is a danger of running off theroad in a left-hand curve, or whenfacing oncoming traffic in a right-hand curve, apply the brakes smoothly
and gradually. As you slow, you canreduce your lean angle and apply morebrake pressure until the motorcycle isstraight and maximum brake pressure
can be appliedthe handlebarstopping to mremain uprigh
Maximum Braking
Maximum saccomplished and rear brakewheel. Keep ythe motorcyclnot down. Thi
the motorcyclpossible, minilikelihood of t
STOPPING DISTANC
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Front-Wheel Skids
If the front wheel locks, release thefront brake immediately and completely.
Reapply the brake smoothly. Front-wheel skids result in immediate loss ofsteering control and balance. Failure tofully release the brake lever immediatelywill result in a crash.
Rear-Wheel Skids
A skidding rear tire is a dangerouscondition that can result in a violentcrash and serious injury or death. Too
much rear brake pressure causes rear-wheel lockup. As soon as the rear wheel
locks, your ab
lost. To regainbe released. His out of alignis a risk of a hwhen the wheand a locked rmotorcycle caand tumble, tair ahead of thslight misalignside crash.
Cornering
A primary ccrashes is mot
CONSTANT CURVES
30 RIDE WITHIN YOU
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30 RIDE WITHIN YOU
a curve or turn and colliding with the
roadway or a fixed object.Every curve is different. Be alert to
whether a curve remains constant,gradually widens, gets tighter orinvolves multiple turns. Ride within yourskill level and posted speed limits.
Your best path may not always followthe curve of the road. Change laneposition depending on traffic, roadconditions and curve of the road. If notraffic is present, start at the outsideof a curve to increase your line of sight
and the effective radius of the turn. Asyou turn, move toward the inside of thecurve, and as you pass the center, moveto the outside to exit.
Another alternative is to move to thecenter of your lane before entering a
curve and stay there until you exit.This permits you to spot approachingtraffic as soon as possible. You can alsoadjust for traffic crowding the centerline, or debris blocking part of your lane.
HANDLING DANGEROUS
SURFACES
Your chance of falling or beinginvolved in a crash increases whenever
id
possible. Appro
angle as possibto go to controhave to ride ov
Slow dowbefore co
Make sur
straight. Rise sligh
weight onthe shockelbows, athe motor
Just befothrottle slend.
If you ride ostreet, pull offtires and rims
any farther.Slippery
Motorcyclesridden on surftraction. Surfatraction includ
Wet paveit starts to washes to
Gravel ro
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OBSTACLES
can cause a skid. Be as smooth aspossible when you speed up, shift
gears, turn or brake. Use Both Brakes The front
brake is still effective, even on aslippery surface. Squeeze the brakelever gradually to avoid locking thefront wheel. Remember, gentlepressure on the rear brake.
The center of a lanecan behazardous when wet. When it startsto rain, ride in the tire tracks left bycars. Often, the left tire track will
and overpleaves are
least slippereduce spe
Cautious ridcovered with icavoid a slippermotorcycle str
asslowlyas poa large surfacemust coast, orconsider lettinthe surface If
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32 RIDE WITHIN YOU
Railroad Tracks, Trolley Tracks
and Pavement SeamsUsually it is safer to ride straight within
your lane to cross tracks. Turning to taketracks head-on (at a 90 angle) can bemore dangerous your path may carryyou into another lane of traffic.
CROSSTRACKSRIGHT
CROSSTRACKSWRONG
PARALLEL TRACKSRIGHT
GRATE CR
GRATE CR
For track an
parallel to youaway from traseams to cros45. Then, maEdging acrossthrow you off
Grooves aRiding over gratings may weave. The ungenerally not a steady speedCrossing at an
zigzag to stayfar more hazafeeling.
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MECHANICAL PROBLEMS
You can find yourself in an emergencythe moment something goes wrongwith your motorcycle. In dealing withany mechanical problem, take intoaccount the road and traffic conditionsyou face. Here are some guidelines
that can help you handle mechanicalproblems safely.
Tire Failure
You will seldom hear a tire go flat.If the motorcycle starts handling
differently, it may be a tire failure. Thiscan be dangerous. You must be able totell from the way the motorcycle reacts.If one of your tires suddenly loses air,react quickly to keep your balance. Pulloff and check the tires.
If the front tire goes flat, the steeringwill feel heavy. A front-wheel flat isparticularly hazardous because it affectsyour steering. You have to steer well tokeep your balance.
If the rear tire goes flat, the back of
the motorcycle may jerk or sway fromside to side.
If either tire goes flat while riding:
Hold handgrips firmly ease off the
power from th
engine sound decline. Once control, pull
After you hathrottle cable cof the trouble.
works freely be
Wobble
A wobblewheel and hanto shake fromspeed. Most wimproper loador incorrect tircarrying a heacant, shift it. and farther foMake sure tire
load, air shocksettings recomweight. Makefairings are mo
Check for pworn steering
is bent, misaligloose wheel bworn swingarthese is determ
34 RIDE WITHIN YOU
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34 RIDE WITHIN YOU
Drive Train Problems
The drive train for a motorcycle useseither a chain, belt, or drive shaft totransfer power from the engine tothe rear wheel. Routine inspection,adjustment, and maintenance makesfailure a rare occurrence. A chain or belt
that slips or breaks while youre ridingcould lock the rear wheel and causeyour motorcycle to skid.
If the chain or belt breaks, youllnotice an instant loss of power to therear wheel. Close the throttle and brake
to a stop in a safe area.
On a motorcycle with a drive shaft,loss of oil in the rear differential cancause the rear wheel to lock, and youmay not be able to prevent a skid.
Engine SeizureWhen the engine locks or
freezes it is usually low on oil. Theengines moving parts cant movesmoothly against each other, and theengine overheats. The first sign may be
a loss of engine power or a change inthe engines sound. Squeeze the clutchlever to disengage the engine from therear wheel. Pull off the road and stop.Check the oil If needed oil should be
approach it, a
animal behindKeep control olook to where
For larger abrake and preunpredictable
FLYING O
From time tby insects, cigor pebbles kicthe vehicle ah
face protectioor cracked, mWithout face could hit you Whatever hapon the road anhandlebars. W
and repair the
GETTING
If you need tthe motorcycle
Check thethe surfacenough toloose sandabout it, sturn onto
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Pull off the road Get as far off
the road as you can. It can be veryhard to spot a motorcycle by theside of the road. You dont wantsomeone else pulling off at thesame place you are.
Park carefully Loose and slopedshoulders can make setting the side
or center stand difficult.
CARRYING PASSENGERS
AND CARGO
The extra weight of a passengeror cargo will affect the way your
motorcycle behaves, requiring extrapractice, preparation and caution. Forthis reason, only experienced ridersshould attempt to carry passengers orlarge loads. Before taking a passengeror a heavy load on the street, prepare
yourself and your motorcycle for safeoperation in traffic.
Preparing Your Motorcycle
Tire Pressure Check the airpressure of both tires. Refer to theowners manual or the label affixedto the motorcycle for the correctinflation specifications. Though mostof the added weight will typically beon the rear wheel, dont forget to also
the motorcycl
wall in an unlithe headlight wall with chalpassenger, reclocation. Use tthe headlight the same heigmanual for ad
EquipmentCarrying a
Be sure yoattired, w
personal p
Be sure yowith passe
Your motoseat, one l
you and yocrowding. forward th
Check thahandholdhold onto
Preparing Passenger
Ensure yourthe passenger
36 RIDE WITHIN YOU
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As you prepare for your ride, tell your
passenger to: Get on the motorcycle only after
you have started the engine andhave the transmission in neutral. Asthe passenger mounts, keep bothyour feet on the ground and the
brakes applied. Sit as far forward as possible
without hindering your control ofthe motorcycle.
Hold firmly onto your waist, hips,belt or passenger handholds for
balance and security.
Keep both feet firmly on the cyclesfootrests, even when stopped. Firmfooting will prevent your passengerfrom falling off and pulling you off.
Keep legs away from the muffler(s),chains or moving parts.
Stay directly behind you and leanwith you through turns and curves.It is helpful for the passenger tolook over the riders shoulder in thedirection of turns and curves.
Avoid unnecessary conversation andavoid leaning or turning around.Make no sudden moves that mightaffect the stability of the motorcycle
Approach
bumps or Are about
begin mov
Are aboutsudden m
Riding WitYour motor
when you rideheavier your ptake to speed
When riding
Ride a littltaking curany part othe grouncontrol ca
Start slowapproach larger spaslowing o
Wait for laor merge
Carrying LEverything y
a riding holidabe packed on
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38 RIDE WITHIN YOU
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Pre-Ride Test
Prior to starting out, take a testride with your fully loaded motorcyclethrough some familiar neighborhoodroads to get a feel for the operation ofyour motorcycle. Be sure the suspensionsettings are correct, and that the side
stand, footrests, and exhaust pipes dontscrape over bumps and in turns. Ensurethe tank bag does not get in the way ofthe handlebars or restrict the steering.Also check the security of the load, sothat your luggage does not hit you inthe back under maximum braking.
You will also find that the perfor-mance of a fully loaded motorcycle willbe different than what you are used to.Test the power when accelerating andbe aware that it will be lower, increas-
ing passing times and distances. Brakingwill also feel different, and stoppingdistances may increase.
GROUP RIDING
Preparation
Preparing yourself for a group rideis as important as making sure yourmotorcycle is ready. Riding with a grouprequires an alert mind that is free fromworries distractions and stress It also
Plan
Before startmeeting to disriding segmenfor fuel, mealseveryone knowif someone beshe wont hav
getting lost orChoose a leadThese should riders of the gshould look ahtraffic or weatearly so the w
of time to therider is the lassets the pace finexperiencedleader. That ehave to chase more experien
them from the
The most imriding are: no of other ridersrider insists ongroup, allow h
an agreed me
Hand signa
During the the hand sign
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Keep Your Distance
Maintain close ranks, but at thesame time, maintain an adequate spacecushion to allow each rider in the grouptime and distance to react to hazards.A close group takes up less space onthe highway, is easier to see, and is lesslikely to become separated. This must,
however, be done properly.
Dont Pair Up
Never ride directly alongside anotherrider in the same lane. There is no placeto go if you have to maneuver to avoida car or hazard in the roadway. Waituntil you are both stopped to talk.
Staggered Formation
This is the best way to keep the ranksclose yet maintain an adequate spacecushion. The group leader rides in the
left side of the lane, and the secondrider stays at least one second back andrides in the right side of the lane. Thethird maintains the left position of thelane, at least two seconds behind thefirst rider. The fourth rider should keepat least a two second distance from
the second rider in the right side of thelane, and so on. This formation keepsthe group close and permits each riderto maintain a safe distance from othersahead, behind and to the sides.
Interstate
FreewaysA staggered
when riding oHowever, enteonly after all riin traffic. The group over at vehicles that afrom disruptintraffic, resist thclose togetherone-second, twformation spause a single filspace cushion conditions at t
Parking
When possieveryone can
more quickly. head-in, and ican pull throudeparture smopark so that thunit in single fi
STAGGER
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Ten Rules of Group Riding
Base the length of the route andsegments on ability of the leastexperienced rider.
Take timely breaks to prevent loss ofconcentration and reduce fatigue.
Adjust the pace through curves tothe ability of the least experiencedrider. If necessary, form two groupswith different speeds.
Dont tailgate or encourage therider in front to speed. If you wantto ride faster, ride ahead of thegroup.
Keep adequate following distanceand maintain a staggeredformation.
Do not pa
the case o Place inex
behind thpace withsafe.
When pas
traffic contraffic. Everiders passsafe for yo
Maintain between r
intersectioavoid hard
Check youensure the
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44 BEING IN SHA
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Four drinks over the span of twohours, you would have at least two(4 2 = 2) drinks remaining in yoursystem at the end of the two hours. Youwould need at least another two hoursto eliminate the two remaining drinksbefore you consider riding.
There are times when a largerperson may not accumulate as higha concentration of alcohol for eachdrink consumed. They have moreblood and other bodily fluids. Butbecause of individual differences itis better not to take the chance that
abilities and judgment have not beenaffected. Whether or not you arelegally intoxicated is not the real issue.Impairment of judgment and skillsbegins well below the legal limit.
ALCOHOL AND THE LAW
In all states, an adult with a BACof 0.08% or above is consideredintoxicated. For operators under the ageof 21, lower BAC limits (0.00 to 0.02%,depending on state) apply. It doesnt
matter how sober you may look or act.The breath or urine test is what usuallydetermines whether you are ridinglegally or illegally.
If you are cothe influence you may receipenalties:
License Ssuspensiorefusal to
Fines Saspect of with a lice
Communtasks suchthe highwmotor-veh
emergenc
Costs lost work alcohol-edtransportalicense is s
psychologa drunk
MINIMIZ
Your ability are riding is afyou may be pepoorly, you thand better. Thconfidently, tarisks. Minimize
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Or Dont Ride If you haventcontrolled your drinking, you mustcontrol your riding.
Leave the motorcycle so youwont be tempted to ride. Arrangeanother way to get home.
Wait If you exceed your limit,
wait until your system eliminates thealcohol and its fatiguing effects.
STEP IN TO PROTECT
FRIENDS
People who have had too much to
drink are unable to make a responsibledecision. It is up to others to step inand keep them from taking too greata risk. No one wants to do this itsuncomfortable, embarrassing andthankless. You are rarely thankedfor your efforts at the time. But the
alternatives are often worse.
There are several ways to keep friendsfrom hurting themselves:
Arrange a safe ride Providealternative ways for them to gethome.
Slow the pace of drinkingInvolve them in other activities.
Keep them there Use anyk h f i
It helps to ewhen you decpeople on youfirm and the hresist. While ythe time, you only I had ...
FATIGUERiding a mo
than driving a tire sooner thaAvoid riding waffect your co
Protect y Wind, you tire quwindshieldplan to rid
Limit you
enced ridethan abou
Take freqand get oevery two
Dont dri
Artificial sextreme fthey start unable to hand
46 EARNING YO
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Safe riding requires knowledge and skill. Licensing tesmeasurement of the skills necessary to operate safely inown skills is not enough. People often overestimate theharder for friends and relatives to be totally honest aboexams are designed to be scored more objectively.
To earn your license, you must pass a knowledge testtest. Knowledge test questions are based on informatiofrom this manual. They require that you know and undesafe riding practices. An on-cycle skill test will either be traffic environment or in a controlled, off-street area.
Knowledge Test(Sample Questions)
1. It is MOST important to flashyour brake light when:
A. Someone is following too closely.
B. You will be slowing suddenly.
C. There is a stop sign ahead.
D. Your signals are not working.
2. The FRONT brake supplies howmuch of the potential stopping
power?
A. About 25%.
B. About 50%.
4. If a tire goyou mustto:
A. Relax o
B. Shift yogood ti
C. Brake oto the s
D. Use bot
5. The car bethe inters
A. Make e
B. Reducereact.
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On-Motorcycle Skill Test
Basic vehicle control and crash-avoidance skills are included in on-motorcycle tests to determine yourability to handle normal and hazardoustraffic situations.
You may be tested for your ability to:
Know your motorcycleand yourriding limits.
Accelerate, brake and turnsafely.
See, be seenand communicatewith others.
Adjust speedand position to thetraffic situation.
Stop, tur
Make critthem out.
Examiners mrelated to safe
Selectingmaneuver
Choosingstaying w
Completistops.
Completiturns or sw
48 THREE-WHEEL SU
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SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATIONFOR THREE-WHEEL
MOTORCYCLES
Many states require a separate licenseendorsement to operate a three-wheel
motorcycle. This requires the rider topass both a written and a skills test. Thepurpose of this supplement is to helpprepare riders to complete the writtenexam for a three-wheel motorcyclelicense or endorsement. This informationis provided in addition to that offered inthe first part of this Motorcycle OperatorManual (MOM), so when preparingto take the written test, begin byreading the information on two-wheelmotorcycles thoroughly. It providesinformation on safe operation of your
motorcycle in traffic. This supplementcontains information specific to the safeoperation of a three-wheel motorcycle,including both three-track motorcyclesand motorcycles with sidecars.
KNOW YOUR VEHICLE
There are many types of three-wheelmotorcycles available on the markettoday. Requirements for licensingth h l t l b t t
Saddl
Seapasveh
If dthesea(or commo
3. Turninat its wthan 40
4. The ve
federal
The followinincluded in ththerefore testinot be applicastate Departm
Department oappropriate stexact regulatio
Automotautomotiv
Vehicleswcontrols o
Vehicles mountedbe mount
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Three-Wheel
Motorcycle DesignsThree-wheel motorcycle designs
vary among manufacturers. Unliketraditional motorcycles, which areconsidered single-track motorcycles,three-wheel motorcycles could be either
dual or triple track design. Dual trackvehicles are motorcycles with sidecars,while triple track motorcycles can beconfigured either with dual front wheelsor dual rear wheels.
MOTORCYCLEAND THREE-WHEEL
MOTORCYCLE DESIGNS
handlebars wibody movemestability and c
Borrowing
Borrowers a
Crashes are
beginning opethe first montan unfamiliar problem. If yomotorcycle or get familiar wfirst. If you len
motorcycle or to friends, maand know howallow them tomotorcycles othan two-whe
No matter hbe, be extra cais unfamiliar o
Get FamiliaMotorcycle
Be sure youcontrols of theor motorcycle attempting to
50 THREE-WHEEL SU
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Operate all the controlsbeforeyou start riding. Know thegearshift pattern and operate thethrottle, clutch and brakes a fewtimes. Controls react differentlyon different motorcycles, andexact locations of controls mayvary slightly. Additionally, some
motorcycle conversions may beequipped with a single brake pedalor lever control, automatic clutch, orautomatic transmission.
As you begin to ride,start outslowly and carefully and be aware of
your surroundings. Accelerate gently,take turns a little more slowly, andleave extra room for stopping.
BASIC VEHICLE CONTROL
Steering & Tip
Three-wheel motorcycles handledifferently than two-wheel motorcycles.With three wheels on the ground,they are naturally more stable than atwo-wheel motorcycle. They also steerdifferently. Because conventional three-
wheel motorcycles cannot lean, theycannot countersteer. Instead, the frontwheel is pointed in the direction therider wants the motorcycle to go.
Under someoperation of ait is possible toin contact witcould occur dmaneuvers whtransferred outip-over lines.
careful load aninside the tip-maximum stab
Body Posit
As with any
position is impfor reducing ooperator shouhandgrips comhandlebar movwhen riding a While it is not of a three-whedrastically duriweight in the dimprove contro
Braking
On a motorduring brakingsidecar wheel Motorcycle an
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tip-over line. The reduced weight overthe opposite side wheel can cause it tolift slightly.
The weight of a three-trackmotorcycle is distributed almost equallybetween the two front or two rearwheels. These motorcycles handle thesame in left and right hand turns.
When turning a three-trackmotorcycle:
Approach a turnat speed withyour head up, and look through theturn.
Concentrateon pointing the frontwheel/wheels in the direction youwant the motorcycle to go.
Roll offthe throttle before enteringthe turn.
Apply the brakesenough to slow
the motorcycle to a speed at whichyou can ride safely through theturn, then release the brakes beforethe turn.
Slightly leanyour upper body inthe direction you intend to turn.
Steerthe front wheel/wheelstoward the turn.
Roll onthe throttle to pull themotorcycle through the turn
When turnmotorcycle w
Anticipatrequired.
Reduce scurve by d
Slightly l
the direct Maintain
curve.
Acceleratcurve.
During a lef
acts as a stabistays on the gturn is taken ta rate of speefor the motorcextend, and th
wheel of the mground.
When turnwith sidecar:
Reducesturn
Applymobrake the
Hills
52 THREE-WHEEL SU
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Lane Position
The track of the dual wheels of athree-wheel motorcycle or motorcyclewith a sidecar is almost the samewidth as some automobiles. Unlike amotorcycle, you are limited, therefore, inlane positioning. Keep toward the center
of the lane to be sure the track of thedual wheels does not cross the paintedlines into opposing traffic. Riding too farto the right could cause loss of traction ifthe tire leaves the pavement.
Lane positioning when riding
in groups is also an importantconsideration. You will not be ableto use a staggered formation, suchas you would when riding two-wheelmotorcycles. Ride single file and alwaysmaintain a safe margin, two secondsminimum, between vehicles.
Parking at the Roadside
Because of the limitations on mobilityand motorcycle length, it is not practicalto park your motorcycle at a 90 degreeangle with your rear wheel touching
the curb, as you would with a two-whelmotorcycle. Position your motorcycle in aparking space so you are parked parallelto the curb and set the parking brake.
the sidecar wlagging behinto feel as thouto the right. Dbraking, the mcontinues to cthe feeling thpass you, mak
though it is be
On accelethis tendein the oppsidecar.
On decel
this tendethe directalso pull in
Swerving
A quick stop
sufficient to avpath, even if ybrakes. Sometavoid a collisiois any sudden be two quick side when ma
Often, there isyour body pos
A three-whmotorcycle wi
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always slow before entering a corner.The best path to follow in the curve
may not be the one that follows thecurve of the road. Following the centerof the lane may actually increase thetip over forces. Check opposing traffic
carefully, and if safe, enter the curvetoward the outside of your lane. Thisincreases your line of sight through thecurve and reduces the effective radiusof the curve. As you turn, move towardthe inside of the curve, and as you passthe center, move to the outside to exit,always remembering to stay in your lane.
CARRYING PASSENGERS
AND CARGO
Many three-built-in storageeither in front On these motoand keep it lowit is positionedand balanced is being carried
directly behind
On a motorbest place for sidecar. Neveron the saddle;tip-over-line w
of the motorcpassenger canbehind the ridshould always
The passengshould sit upri
necessary for curves with th
When carrysecure the loaif the load shifaffected. Load
toward the reatipping of the event of a sud
Wh l d
PATH THROUGH A CURVE
54
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HAND SIGNALS
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Stop
arm extended
straight down,
palm facing
back.
arm
str
fro
pal
Slow Down
arm extended
straight out, palm
facing down, swing
down to your side.
Speed Up
arm extended
straight out,
palm facing up,
swing upward.
Double File
arm with index
and middle finger
extended straight
Single File
arm and index
finger extended
straight up.
HAND SIGNALS
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Comfort Stop
forearm extended,
fist clenched with
short up and down
motion.
Highbeam
tap on top of
helmet with open
palm down.
Hazard in Roadway
on the left, point
with left hand; on the
right, point with right foot.
Refresh
Stop
fingers close
thumb to mo
Fuel
arm out to sid
pointing to ta
finger extend
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MOTORCYCLE TRAINING OPPO
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DELAWARE
THE BEGINNER RIDING COURThis course is a 15-hour course (5 hours classroom
and breaks). Training motorcycles (500 cc or less) a
provided to all students. Helmets are available for th
their own.
Statewide, approximately 85% of students successfcourse their first time.
ADDITIONAL RIDING COUThe class consists of approximately 1 hour classroo
hours of range instruction/riding. The classroom por
Management, Riding Gear and Range Rules. The ranaddress starting/stopping, limited space maneuvers, chazards. At the completion of the range instruction t
Evaluation will be administered.
The Additional Riding Course is available to those completed a Delaware Motorcycle Program BRC. T
enrollment in the Additional Riding Course you musKnowledge Test with a minimum score of 80% and apoints on the Riding Skills Evaluation. The courses
If you would like to take the Additional Riding Couadditional training, please contact the Delaware Moto
Registration Office to enroll.
EXPERIENCED RIDER COThis course is designed to teach the more experienc
that will enable the rider to respond with precision an
ADVANCED RIDER COURSE Sport
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pThis course designed for experienced motorcycle ri
of this course, an experienced rider is one who has bacurrent rider with a motorcycle endorsement. Speciaself-assessment, risk management, rider behavior, rid
overall skill development, particularly in braking, co
The course is an 8-hour course consisting of 3 hourriding, lunch and breaks (bag lunch and snacks sugge
have a motorcycle endorsement and provide their oware required to provide documentation to show the m
insured and legally registered in their name. The mo
required to pass an instructor's pre-ride check.
RECEIVING COURSE INFORYou can receive course information in the followinGo to www.dmv.de.gov/motorcycle. Select the typ
to take. Print out the registration form and completel
your first, second and third choices for classes, and mOffice with a check or money order made payable to
Vehicles.Or e-mail your name and address, city, state, zip to
motorcyclecourse@state.de.us and a brochure and
will be mailed to you. You may call (302) 744-2658 853-1030 in Sussex County or (302) 326-5030 in Ne
the requested information on the voice mail recorder
slowly. You will be sent a brochure and course regist
ONLINE REGISTRATIOIf you would like to register online go to www.dmvl h f d lik k h l
MOTORCYCLES MAKE S
SO DOES PROFESSIONAL
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Motorcycles are inexpensive to operate, fun to ride and Unfortunately, many riders never learn critical skills needed
Professional training for beginning and experienced ridereal-world traffic situations. Motorcycle Safety Foundationimprove such skills as:
Effective turning Braking maneuvers Pro
Obstacle avoidance Traffic strategies Ma
The Motorcycle Safety Foundations (MSF) purpose is to of motorcyclists on the nations streets and highways. In amotorcycle crashes and injuries, the Foundation has progrlicensing improvement, public information and statistics. Tare designed for both motorcyclists and motorists. A natioorganization, the MSF is sponsored by BMW, BRP, Ducati, Kawasaki, KTM, Piaggio/Vespa, Suzuki, Triumph, Victory a
The information contained in this publication is offered who have an interest in riding motorcycles. The informatiofrom publications, interviews and observations of individufamiliar with the use of motorcycles, accessories, and trainmany differences in product design, riding styles, federal, there may be organizations and individuals who hold diffe
your local regulatory agencies for information concerning cycles in your area. Although the MSF will continue to resepublish responsible viewpoints on the subject, it disclaims expressed herein.
For the basic or experienced RiderCour
call toll free: 800.446.922
or visit www.msf-usa.or
Motorcycle Tests are Given At:
Wilmington, 2230 Hessler Blvd
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Dover, 303 Transportation Circle
Georgetown, 23737 DuPont Blvd
For Motorcycle Course Registration Call
Or Register Online at:
New Castle County. . . . . . . . . 326-5030
Kent County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744-2658
Sussex County. . . . . . . . . . . . . 853-1030
www.dmv.de.gov/motorcycle
Document No:45-07-00-07-12
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