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Describing Quitting Behaviour Amongst NZ Youth
Sharon Ponniah BSc (Hons) PGDip Sci
Ministry of Health
Public Health Intelligence
Sharon.ponniah@quit.org.nz
Outline
• New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey (NZTUS) 2006
• Describe youth who smoke in NZ
• Present evidence that youth smokers want to quit smoking
NZTUS 2006
• National face to face survey (CAPI)
• NZ population (15-64 years)
• Over sampling (Māori, Pacific, Asian, 15-19 years)
• Stratified, cluster sampling
• 5,782 completed interviews
• Response rate 75%
Describe Youth Who Smoke in New Zealand
Are there socio-demographic differences between youth who are ever smokers and
youth who are never smokers?
Youth Smoking Prevalence
• The rate of smoking among 15-19 year olds is 26.8
• The average age of initiation is 14.6• Rates of smoking among youth are
highest for Māori (46%) and Pacific (36%)• Smoking rate among European/Other
ethnic groups is 23.1%
Current Smokers vs Never Smokers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Male
Prevalence (%) current never
Female Female Male Female Male
European/Other Māori Pacific
Ever Smokers vs. Never Smokers
• Ever Smokers were compared to Never Smokers across the following socio-demographics:
• Gender• Ethnicity• NZDep01 Quintile• Household Income
Never Smokers(never and experimental
smokers)
Ever Smokers(current and ex-smokers)100 cigs < <
Independent Variables
Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value
Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530
Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123
Gender
EthnicityIndependent Variables
Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value
Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530
Māori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000
Socio-economic Status
Independent Variables
Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value
Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530
Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336
Household IncomeIndependent Variables
Odds Ratio Lower 95% Upper 95% P-value
Intercept 0.99 0.77 1.27 0.9281 GENDER Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Female 0.85 0.75 0.97 0.0123 ETHNICITY Maori 2.08 1.70 2.54 0.0000 Non-Maori 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref NZDEP01 QUINTILE Quintile 1 0.98 0.78 1.23 0.8586 Quintile 2 1.00 0.77 1.29 0.9857 Quintile 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref Quintile 4 1.38 1.13 1.67 0.0016 Quintile 5 1.24 1.02 1.50 0.0336 HOUSEHOLD INCOME < $20,000 1.00 1.00 1.00 ref $20-$40,000 0.99 0.77 1.28 0.9473 $40-$60,000 0.89 0.68 1.15 0.3674 >$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284 NR 0.99 0.67 1.46 0.9530
>$60,000 0.77 0.60 0.97 0.0284
Describing Youth Quitting Behaviour
Is there evidence that youth smokers in New Zealand want to quit smoking?
Short Answer – YES!
• 75% of youth smokers would not smoke again if they had their lives over
• Almost half (50%) of youth smokers are thinking about quitting
• 35% of youth made at least one quit attempt in the last 12 months
Youth who have “Ever Quit”
• Current smokers (n=178) were asked
“Have you ever quit for more than a week?”
• Yes responses (n=113) defined as ever quit and compared against no responses (n=65)
0
510
15
20
2530
35
Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5
NZDep01 Quintile
Percentage (%) yes no
Socio-economic Deprivation
Household Income
05
1015202530354045
<$20,000 $20-$40,000 $40-$60,000 >$60,000
Household Income
Percentage (%) yes no
Summary
• There are clear factors that influence the likelihood of youth being ever smokers
• There is minimal variation across indicators and their effect on the likelihood of having ever quit
• Indicates that the risk factors observed for youth being smokers are not barriers for making a quit attempt
Where To…
• Further analysis to come
• Look more in depth at attitudes to quitting and self-efficacy on having ever made a quit attempt
Youth smokers want to quit!
What can we do to help?
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