design and development of distributed solar pv...
Post on 04-Jul-2020
1 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRIBUTED
SOLAR PV SYSTEMS: DO THE CURRENT TOOLS
WORK?
W.M. Pabasara U. Wijeratne and Rebecca J. Yang
School of Property Construction and Project Management
Presented By: Pabasara Wijeratne
BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC (BIPV)
2
(Source: Gieseking, 2012; SUPSI, 2015; Hislop, 2016; Pvresources, 2018; Selfa photovoltaic, 2018 ),
RMIT PCPM 2018
IMPORTANCE OF BIPV
Dual Purpose
Replace conventional building envelope materials
Power generation
Architecturally elegant
Eliminates power lost due to transmission
Reduce air conditioning loads
Offers diffused natural lighting (e.g.: Semitransparent arrays of spaced
crystalline cells)
3
(Snow and Prasad, 2005; Sulivan, 2011; Norton et al., 2011)
RMIT PCPM 2018
BIPV LIFE CYCLE
4
BI
RMIT PCPM 2018
Wijeratne W.M. P. U. Wijeratne, Yang R. J., Too E. and Wakefield, R. (2018). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools
work? Sustainable Cities and Society,2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.035.
KEY CHALLENGES OF BIPV DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
No established method to integrate PV into building design cost effectively
Complexity in building design
Complex overall system design
Excessive cost
Lack of confidence in the value enhancement
5RMIT PCPM 2018
RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES
AIM
To understand the features and functions in the current solar PV design and
management tools, and propose an integrated solution for BIPV design and
management.
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the features and functions of current solar PV design and
management tools in relation to geophysical, technical, economic and
environment;
2. Illustrate the limitations under feature/function;
3. Propose potential improvements for an integrated solution for BIPV design
and management.
6RMIT PCPM 2018
7
Geo-physical
Terrain
Weather
City
Open terrain
Solar irradiation
Temperature
Humidity
Wind
Snow
Rain fall patterns
TechnicalGrid System components
Building physics
Construction & commissioning
Decommissioning
Operation and maintenance
Losses
Grid type
Grid voltage
Number of phases
Displacement power factor
Feed-in power clipping
Building type
Interactive design
Structural load
Energy load/user profile
Neighbouring buildings/objects
Building standards & codes
PV modules
Inverters
Mounting /forms systems
Energy storage
Other BOS components
Installation process
Commissioning process
Impact on schedules
Quality assurance
Health and safety
Shading losses
Soiling losses
Snow losses
Irradiance losses
DC/AC losses
Monitoring & control
O &M procedures
Warranties and replacement
Insurance
Economical
Cost
Benefits
Government incentives Finance modes/ Contract arrangements
BOQ prices
O & M cost
Reduction of energy bills
Building material cost
offsets
Reduction of transmission
loss
Reduction of carbon cost
Fully owned or leased by a third party
Financed by a third party and lease
arrangement made with building owner
Renewable energy certificates
Feed in tariffs
Finance and loan programmes
Tax breaks
Installation cost
Life cycle cost
Direct finance
Environmental
Emissions
Heat island effect
Embedded CO2
emissions
CO2 emissions
avoided
Factors BIPV
Design and
Management
Salvage valueBuilding thermal load
Decommissioning process
Financial performance
evaluation
Payback period
NPV/IRR/ROI
LCOE
RMIT PCPM 2018
CURRENT PRACTICES IN BIPV DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT
BIPV DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Visualization tools
Artlantis, Flamingo, Kerkythea, LightWave, LuxRender, Maxwell Render, Mental Ray,
POV-Ray, RenderMan, RenderWorks,
RenderZone, V-Ray and YafaRay
Simulation toolsbSol, DAYSIM, DesignBuilder, Design Performance Viewer (DPV), Ecotect,
Energy Design Guide II (EDG II), EliteCAD, BKI ENERGIEplaner,
eQUEST, Green Building Studio, IDA ICE, IES VE, LESOSAI, SAM, PV
syst, PV*SOL,Skelion, Solarius PV, PolySun, CECPV Calculator, PVwatts, DDS-CAD PV, INSEL, PV Designer,
PV F-CHART, SMA Off-Grid Configurator, Solar-Pro, Archelios, PV-DesignPro, RETScreenPlus,
Homer Pro, PV scout, HELIOS3DRadiance, RETScreen,
T*Sol and VisualDOE
AppsSOLAR SHADING, SOLAR SYSTEM CALCULATOR,
EASYSOLAR, ONYX SOLAR,
SOLMETRIC iSV, PV OUTPUT, PV
Optimize, SMA SUNNYPORTAL,
AHA SOLAR,
CAAD/BIM toolsAllplan, ArchiCAD, AutoCAD,
Blender, Bricscad, Caddie, CATIA, CINEMA 4D, DDS-CAD, Digital
Project, form•Z,Google SketchUp, Houdini, IntelliPlus Architecturals,
Lightworks, Maya, MicroStation, Revit Architecture, Rhinoceros 3D,
SolidWorks, Spirit, Vectorworks, 3ds Max
Daylighting and whole building
energy
OpenStudio, Design Builder, IES-VE,
Honeybee, Mr. Comfy, ArchiWizard,Diva, Rayfront, Lighting
analysis tool for Revit, Ocean, BIM IQ
Available
PC Based
Online
Smart phone/Tablet Apps
Previous Research
• Klise and Stein (2009)
• Lalwani et al. (2010)
• Horvat and Dubois (2010)
• Kanters et al. (2014)
• Sharma et al., (2014)
• Jakica (2017)
8RMIT PCPM 2018
9
SA
M V
ers
ion
20
17
.1.1
7
RE
TS
cre
en
Ex
pe
rt (
Vie
we
r V
ers
ion
)
So
lari
us-
PV
( v
.13
.00
c)
Ho
me
r P
ro x
64
3.9
.2 (
Ev
alu
ati
on
Ed
.)
PV
*S
OL
Pre
miu
m 2
01
8 (
R6
) T
est
Ve
rsio
n
PV
Sco
ut
2.0
So
lar
F-C
ha
rt
Su
nu
lato
r
Pv
syst
6[1
19
]
He
los
3D
so
larp
ark
pla
nu
ng
[46
]
Po
lysu
n 1
0.0
(D
esi
gn
er
De
mo
)
INS
EL
8.2
So
lar
Pro
4.5
Sk
eli
on
5.2
.2
So
lar
an
aly
sis
too
l fo
r R
ev
it v
1.0
.0.1
Ho
ne
yb
ee
fo
r G
rass
ho
pp
er
3D
in
Rh
ino
Lad
yb
ug
fo
r G
rass
ho
pp
er
3D
in
Rh
ino
Arc
he
lio
s P
ro V
ers
ion
11
.02
[1
20
]
NR
EL
PV
Wa
tts'
Ca
lcu
lato
r
PV
GIS
© E
uro
pe
an
Co
mm
un
itie
s
Ca
lcu
lati
on
So
lar.
com
PV
*S
OL
On
lin
e
Ea
syP
V
Ea
syS
ola
r
On
yx
So
lar
PV
Ou
tpu
t
SM
A S
un
ny
Po
rta
l
Geological database X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Geological maps X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X
Terrain category X X X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Analysis of terrain data X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Database # # # # X X
Import external data # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
GPS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Hourly modelling timestep X # # X X X X X X X X X X
Type
Stand-alone off-grid X # # # # X X X X X X X X X X
Grid-tie PV systems # # # # X X X X X X X X
Specifications
Voltage X X # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
number of phases X X # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
power factor X X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Residential X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Commercial X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Industrial X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Other (community, heritage etc) X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Building 3D modelling X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Building 2D modelling X X # X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Image capturing/Geo maps X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Structural Load Load Simulation X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Data Simulation X # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Data Import # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Load profile X # # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Time interval data
Monthly # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Hourly X # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Sub hourly X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Energy price # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X
2D/ 3D simulation X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X
Shading analysis X # X # X X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
PV Modules PV database # # # # X X X X X X X X X
Ground X # # X X X X X X X X X
Roof X # # # X X X X X
Roof integrated X # # X X X X X X X X X
Façade integrated X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Inverters Inverter database X # # # X X X X X X X X X X
Batteries Battery database X # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Other BOS items Database X X X X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Shading losses # # # X X X X X X X
DC/AC Losses # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Snow losses # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Other losses # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Installation process X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Commissioning process X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Quality assurance X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Health and safety X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Impact on schedules X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Monitoring and control X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
O & M procedures X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Insurance/warranties/replacemen X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Decommissioning process X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Construction and commissioning
Maintenance and monitoring
Decommissioning
Building Energy
performance
Building standards and regulations
Building Type
Neighbouring
buildings
/objects
Building
Physics
Apps
Interactive
Design
Online Stand alone CADD/BIM
plugin
Features
Terrain
Weather
Grid
Loss
Mounting
/Forms SystemsSystem
Components
SAM
Ve
rsio
n 2
01
7.1
.17
RET
Scre
en
Exp
ert
(V
iew
er
Ve
rsio
n)
Sola
riu
s-P
V(
v.1
3.0
0c)
Ho
me
r P
ro x
64
3.9
.2 (
Eval
uat
ion
Ed
.)
PV
*SO
L P
rem
ium
20
18
(R
6)
Test
Ve
rsio
n
PV
Sco
ut
2.0
Sola
r F-
Ch
art
Sun
ula
tor
Pvs
yst6
[11
9]
He
los
3D
so
larp
arkp
lan
un
g[4
6]
Po
lysu
n 1
0.0
(D
esi
gne
r D
em
o)
INSE
L 8
.2
Sola
r P
ro 4
.5
Ske
lio
n 5
.2.2
Sola
r an
alys
is t
oo
l fo
r R
evi
t v1
.0.0
.1
Ho
ne
ybe
e f
or
Gra
ssh
op
pe
r 3
D in
Rh
ino
Lad
ybu
g fo
r G
rass
ho
pp
er
3D
in R
hin
o
Arc
he
lio
s P
ro V
ers
ion
11
.02
[1
20
]
NR
EL P
VW
atts
' Cal
cula
tor
PV
GIS
© E
uro
pe
an C
om
mu
nit
ies
Cal
cula
tio
nSo
lar.
com
PV
*SO
L O
nli
ne
Easy
PV
Easy
Sola
r
On
yx S
ola
r
PV
Ou
tpu
t
SMA
Su
nn
y P
ort
al
Direct cost/BOQ Prices # # # # X X X X X X X X X
Indirect cost # # # # X X X X X X X X X X X
O&M cost # # # # X X X X X X X X X X X
Reduction of energy bills # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X
Building material cost offsets X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Reduction of transmission loss X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Reduction of carbon cost X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Modes
Direct Finance # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Loan/Lease/mortgage # X X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X
PPA X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Performance evaluation X X
LCC/NPV # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Simple payback # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
IRR # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Profitability index/ROI/ LCOE # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Sensitivity analysis X # X # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Cashflows # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Incentive database X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Feed in tariffs X # # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Other incentives # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Regulations /Policies X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CO2 avoided X # # # X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CO2 embedded X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Heat Island Effect X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Indoor environment X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Features
Government Incentives
Emissions
Other
Costs
Benefits
Finance
Online AppsStand alone CADD/BIM
plugin
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT
PRACTICES
RMIT PCPM 2018
Wijeratne W.M. P. U. Wijeratne, Yang R. J., Too E. and Wakefield, R. (2018).
Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools
work? Sustainable Cities and Society,2018,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.035.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PRACTICES
The current practices lacks;
detailed localized meteorological data and terrain data
localized PV system product and cost database (e.g. panel, storage, BOS)
localized energy prices and localized building regulations and codes
information on finance modes and contract options
information on localized government incentives
information on other BOS components
data on operation and maintenance costs
consideration on roof /façade integrated PV design and assessment
3D virtual visualization
alternative BIPV design comparison (costs and building performance optimisation)
consideration on carbon emission, building cooling loads and heat island effect
consideration on construction /installation and commissioning process
real time monitoring and control of the BIPV system
consideration for the decommissioning process of BIPV system
10
LIMITATIONS IDENTIFIED
RMIT PCPM 2018
Wijeratne W.M. P. U. Wijeratne, Yang R. J., Too E. and Wakefield, R. (2018). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools
work? Sustainable Cities and Society,2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.035.
EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR BIPV DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT
11
Gupta et al. (2013)
Ning et al. (2018)Wittkopf et al. (2009) Costanzo et al. (2018)
Dixit et al. (2015)
RMIT PCPM 2018
12
Detailed local meteorological data and local geographic/terrain data Localised PV system product database (e.g. panel, storage, BOS) Localised cost data on PV system products and installation Localised energy price data Accurate energy consumption data Information on local building regulations and codes Information on local government incentives and policies Information on financial modes and contract arrangements Database on previous project examples Information on product performance in previous projects Information on installers’ track record and experiences Information on commissioning and O&M procedure Information on decommissioning procedures
Efficient 3D model creation of the physical environment
Generation and comparison of alternative PV module designs
Visualization of shading impact and losses
Automatic PV system configuration and optimization
Accurate energy consumption data simulation
Installation process simulation and impact analysis (e.g. impact of harsh weather conditions, occupational
health and safety risks etc. on the project completion and cost)
Matching and optimizing energy outputs with fluctuating demands and electricity prices
Balancing revenue against cost to optimise PV module and storage sizes
Analysis on environmental impact (carbon foot print, heat island)
Lifecycle cost-benefit analysis
PV system performance monitoring and recording
Auto diagnosing function to alarm
Info
rmati
on
Sim
ula
tion
an
d
an
aly
sis
System operation
IMPROVEMENTS REQUIRED
RMIT PCPM 2018
Wijeratne W.M. P. U. Wijeratne, Yang R. J., Too E. and Wakefield, R. (2018). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools
work? Sustainable Cities and Society,2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.035.
RESULTS OF QUESTIONAIRE SURVEY
13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Lack of detailed localized meteorological data
Lack of localized terrain data
Lack of localized PV system product database (e.g. panel, storage, BOS)
Lack of localized energy prices
Lack of localized building regulations and codes
Less consideration on roof integrated PV design and assessment
Less consideration on façade integrated PV design and assessment
Hard to calculate shading losses on façade integrated PV
Difficulties for 3D virtual visualization
No alternative PV design comparison
Lack of consideration on commissioning and construction /installation process
Lack of localised cost data on PV system products and installation
Lack of data on operation and maintenance costs
Lack of consideration on life cycle cost-benefit
Lack of information on finance modes and contract options
Lack of information on localized government incentives
Lack of consideration on carbon emission, building heating cooling loads and heat island…
Lack of real time monitoring and control of the PV system
Not considered the decommission of PV systems
Limitations of Current BIPV Design and Management Practice
No Experience Not Critical Somewhat Critical Very Critical
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Detailed local meteorological data
Detailed local geographic/terrain data
Localised PV system product database (e.g. panel, storage, BOS)
Localised cost data on PV system products and installation
Localised energy price data
Accurate energy consumption data
Information on local building regulations and codes
Information on local government incentives and policies
Information on financial modes and contract arrangements
Database on previous project examples
Information on product performance in previous projects
Information on installers’ track record and experiences
Information on commissioning and O&M procedure
Efficient 3D model creation of the physical environment
Generation and comparison of alternative PV module designs
Visualization of shading impact and losses
Automatic PV system configuration and optimization
Accurate energy consumption data simulation
Installation process simulation and impact analysis (e.g. impact of harsh weather conditions, occupational health and safety risks etc. on the…
Matching and optimizing energy outputs with fluctuating demands and electricity prices
Balancing revenue against cost to optimise PV module and storage sizes
Analysis on environmental impact (carbon foot print, heat island)
Lifecycle cost-benefit analysis
PV system performance monitoring and recording
Auto diagnosing function to alarm
Improvements Required in BIPV Design and Management
No Experience Not Important Somewhat Important Very Important
RMIT PCPM 2018
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR BIPV DESIGN AND
MANAGEMENT
14
LOCAL BUILDING REGULATIONS
VIRTUAL MODEL BUILDER
Efficient 3D model
Automatic PV layout design
optimizing
Simulation of daylight and thermal
effect
LOCAL PV PRODUCT DATABASE
PV module
Inverters
Batteries
Other electrical components
LIFECYCLE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Local cost, benefit, finance and incentive
database
Life cycle cost benefit analysis
CONSTRUCTION ,COMMISSIONING
AND O&M
Construction and commissioning process
O&M and decommissioning procedures
Monitoring and inspection modules
PV system performance recording
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Quantification of the environmental
benefits
WEATHER AND TERRAIN DATABASE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION /GENERATION
Energy consumption simulation & database
Hourly comparison of energy input and output
BIPV DESIGN/MANGEMENT
RMIT PCPM 2018
Wijeratne W.M. P. U. Wijeratne, Yang R. J., Too E. and Wakefield, R. (2018). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the
current tools work? Sustainable Cities and Society,2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.035.
BIPV DESIGN
MODELLING
@ PCPM
RMIT PCPM 2018
Jan.
Apr.
Mar..
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
BUILDING ENERGY AND
URBAN ENVIRONMENT
MODELLING @PCPM
RMIT PCPM 2018
BIPV ENERGY & COST: MATLAB MODELLING
@PCPM
RMIT PCPM 2018
CONCLUSIONS
A BIPV project design decision should consider geophysical, technical,
economical and environmental factors
15 key factors under geophysical, technical, economic and environmental
categories were identified
14 application problems in BIPV design and management were found
Current practices consider design and management of BIPV neither as an
integrated design approach nor as an integrated team process
A Questionnaire survey was used to confirm the limitations of the current BIPV
project design, management practices and improvement measures
An integrated decisions support framework which consists of:
Building design 3D model
– BIPV energy simulation model
– BIPV cost-benefit assessment model
– BIPV environmental assessment model
– Instruments for BIPV project management
18
REFERENCES
Costanzo, V., Yao, R., Essah, E., Shao, L., Shahrestani, M., Oliveira, A.C., Araz, M., Hepbasli, A. and Biyik, E., (2018). A
method of strategic evaluation of energy performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic in the urban context. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 184, pp.82-91.
Dixit, M. and Yan, W.,(2015) A Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Prototype For Calculating Solar Orientation And Solar
Insolation. In: Khare V. R. and Gundepudi S. editors. BS2015: In proceedings of 14th Conference of International Building
Performance Simulation Association, 2015 Dec. 7-9, Hyderabad, India., Hyderabad: BS Publications; 2015. p. 2002-2009.
Gieseking M (2012). Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) “New Light”. Available at:
https://mattgieseking.wordpress.com/2012/08/29/building-integrated-photovoltaics-bipv-new-light/ [Accessed 12 April
2018].
Gupta A, Cemesova A, Hopfe C J, Rezgui Y, and Sweet T. (2014). A conceptual framework to support solar PV
simulation using an open-BIM data exchange standard. Automation in Construction, 37, 166-181.
Hislop M. (2016). Tesla’s Elon Musk adds solar roof tiles to his clean energy vision. Available at:
http://theamericanenergynews.com/innovation/teslas-elon-musk-adds-solar-roof-tiles-clean-energy-vision [accessed 12
April 2018]
J. Kanters, M. Horvat, M., and M. C. Dubois (2014). Tools and methods used by architects for solar design. Energy and
Buildings, 68: pp. 721-731.
Jakica N (2017). State-of-the-art review of solar design tools and methods for assessing daylighting and solar potential for
building-integrated photovoltaics, In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, ISSN 1364-0321,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.080.
Klise GT and Stein J S (2009). Models used to assess the performance of photovoltaic systems. Sandia Report,
Sand2009-8258; December 2009.
19
REFERENCES
Lalwani M, Kothari D and Singh M. (2010). Investigation of solar photovoltaic simulation software. International
Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 1(3):585-601.
Ning, G. et al. (2018) ‘e-BIM: a BIM-centric design and analysis software for Building Integrated Photovoltaics’,
Automation in Construction. 87(October 2017), pp. 127–137. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2017.10.020.
Norton, B., Eames, P.C., Mallick, T.K., Huang, M.J., McCormack, S.J., Mondol, J.D. and Yohanis, Y.G. (2011).
Enhancing the performance of building integrated photovoltaics. Solar Energy,85(8), pp.1629-1664.
PVresources (2018). Photovoltaic Modules for Flat Roofs. Available at:
http://www.pvresources.com/en/bipv/roofintegrated.php [Accessed 10 April 2018]
Selfa photovoltaic (2018). BIPV. Available at: http://www.selfa-pv.com/en/bip-v [Accessed 10 April 2018]
Sharma, D.K., Verma, V. and Singh, A.P. (2014). Review and analysis of solar photovoltaic softwares. International
Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 4(2): pp.725-731.
Snow M. and Prasad, D.K., (2002). Architectural and Aesthetic experiences for Photovoltaics (PV) in the Built
Environment. In proceedings of PLEA 2002, Toulouse, France, July 2002.
Snow, M. and Prasad, D. (2005). Designing with solar power: A source book for building integrated photovoltaics
(BiPV). Mulgrave, Vic: London: Images Publishing Group; Eathscan.
Sullivan, M (2013). Building Integrated Photovoltaics in the Context of the Australian Construction Industry.
Melbourne: International Specialized Skills Institute.
Swiss BIPV Competence Centre, SUPSI (2015). Building Integrated Photovoltaics Report.
Wittkopf, S.K., Kambadkone, A., Quanhui, H. and Khai, N.P., (2009). Development of a Solar Radiation and BIPV
Design tool as EnergyPlus plugin for Google SketchUp. In Building simulation.
20
THANK YOU !
Rebecca Yang
Senior Lecturer
School of Property, Construction and Project Management
RMIT University
Email: rebecca.yang@rmit.edu.au
21
top related